An ISO 9001:2008 & EMS 14001 Company

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10/2011
An ISO 9001:2008 & EMS 14001 Company

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10/2011
What is Lapping?
Lapping is a mechanical precision finishing operation
done to achieve high dimensional accuracy
Diagram of the lapping process in action

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10/2011
What is Lapping?
It helps achieve positive sealing by obtaining

high degree of flatness and surface finish
A typical example would be

lapping automotive pump
seals

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10/2011
The Lapping Process

Lapping improves surface finish by
reducing peaks & valleys on a surface
Surface finish of 0.2 µ Ra achievable with

GMT Lapping machines

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10/2011
Advantages of Lapping
Reduction of peaks and valleys results in maximum bearing area
between mating surfaces - This ensures tight seating of seals
Improves service life of the moving parts which are subject to wear
Improves geometrical & dimensional accuracies
Absolutely no distortion in the component after

lapping since no clamping devices are used
The lapping process generates minimal heat so hardened

parts will not have to be hardened again
Accessible flat surfaces of parts of any shape & size and any type of
material can be lapped

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Typical Applications & Industries that 10/2011
Make Use of Lapping
Valve Manufacturers
Automotive industries
Pump Manufacturers
Air Compressor Industries
Electronic Industries
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10/2011
What Can be Lapped?

A wide variety materials, hard or soft can be lapped.
A partial list includes:
Cast Iron Carbon
Tungsten Plastics
Ceramics
Silicon
(Eg.wafer)
Rubber Bronze
Stainless Steel

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10/2011
GMT manufactures flat lapping

machines both
single side & double side

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10/2011
Single Side Lapping Machine
Consists of a rigid rotating

spindle with a lapping plate,
and three or four conditioning
rings
GMT’s single side lapping

machines provide flatness to a
precision of one light band
(0.0003mm) on 75mm
diameter with a surface finish
of 0.2 µRA

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10/2011
GMT has supplied lapping machines to

over 300 customers all over India
Sizes range from 300mm to 3000mm diameter

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10/2011
Our Customers Include:

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10/2011
Range of Lapping Machines Manufactured by GMT
Single side lapping machines

300mm - 400mm
diameter
Model 06-01, 06-02

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10/2011

610mm diameter
Model 06-13

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10/2011

900mm diameter
Model 06-03

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10/2011

1200mm diameter
Model 06-05

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1500mm diameter
Model 06-06

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10/2011

1800mm diameter
Model 06-07

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10/2011

2100mm diameter

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10/2011

3000mm diameter

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10/2011
Double side lapping machines/Planetary lapping machines

Model 24-01
To maintain:
•Flatness
•Surface finish
•Parallelism

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10/2011
Model 24-02 with

pneumatic
lifting arrangement

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10/2011
Model 24-11

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10/2011
Model 24-11
with 4 way lapping
(rotating top & bottom lap plates)

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10/2011
Accessories
4/0 Emery Paper
Straight
Monochromatic
Hand lap&Edge
Light
Polishing Optical
Stand Flat
plate
Cupboard
ToTo
check
To
FittedUsed
storethe
for
correct
with flatness
measuring
polishing
4/0 emery paper,
minor the
paper
of lapreflective
pad,
toimperfections
achieve plate
flatness.
hand tools
and etc,
for
surface
Sodium
after(can
small
lapping Vapour
be batches
used
foraslight Lamp
a machine
band
stand
used for 300
with and 400mm
a wavelength
interpretation
diameter ofbench
0.00058
(for flatness modelmm
checking) lapping
machines)

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10/2011
Measuring Flatness
Monochromatic Lamp
Flatness is measured using
GMT make Monochromatic lamp
& Optical flat
The GMT Monochromatic lamp unit
provides light source with sodium
vapour lamp.
The wave length of Sodium light in air (λ air):
0. 000589mm i.e. 0. 589 micrometer)
Unit for flatness measurement is half the wavelength

i.e. λ / 2 = 0.000589 / 2 = 0. 0002945mm
(rounded off to 0.0003mm i.e. 0.3 micrometer)
Optical Flat

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10/2011
Measuring Flatness
An imaginary tangent intersects

one interference band immediately
above it
This shows the flatness to be
below one band or 0.0003mm
Point of contact
Imaginary tangent line

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10/2011
Measuring Flatness
Point of contact or line of contact
Optical flat is in contact with the

surface being tested, usually where
pressure is applied causing the air
film to be squeezed thin at that
place
When light is reflected from the

surface under test, interference
Point of contact occurs and is visible as a
Straight, parallel and equally pattern of light & dark bands
spaced bands show that surface is The width of each band = λ / 2
perfectly flat within 0.0003mm
( (i.e.) 0.0003 micrometer)

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10/2011
Accessories for Lapping
GMT also offers optional features like:

• Water cooling for lap plate,
• Variable speed drive,
• Pneumatic lift arrangement,
• Lapping fluid recycling

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10/2011
Guindy Machine Tools Limited

www.gmt.co.in

An ISO 9001:2008 & EMS 14001 Company

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