Social, Cultural, Political aspect of modern China Page|1

Assignment.

Social, Cultural, Political aspect of modern China

Course No __

Unit __.

Week: __ Term__, AY-

University ___

By: --- ---

Page|1
Research Questions:

1. What is the Chinese Economic impact on the world?

2. How Chinese Economy transformed in last 4o years?

3. Will China Rise as a Major Contributor to Science?

4. What is the role of women in the socio economic development in Chana?

5. What is the Cultural and religious aspect in Chinese development?

Introduction:

For my research I have choose “Social, Cultural, Political aspect of modern China”. In this assignment

I am going to discuss about the Chinese Economic impact on the world and how Chinese Economy

transformed in recent years. I will dive dipper to find out the answer about China prospect to become

the Major Contributor to Science. Finally I will discuss Chana social, religious and cultural aspect in its

development.

Chinese Economic impact

Now a days China have a direct as well as prolong economic impact throughout the world. The Chinese

economy has become progressively internationalized. The main factor for the Chinese rapid growth of

the is economy is Foreign trade and investment especially since the 1990s. They are very successful in

attracting foreign investment that is about US$50 billion a year in recent years. In 2004 China was the

world’s third largest exporter after Germany and the US and china was the 3 rd largest importer, after the

US and Germany accounted for 6.5% of world exports and for 5.9% of world imports. In 2004, exports

of goods and services were the equivalent of 34% of China’s GDP, compared with 23% in 2000. In the
other direction, imports in 2004 were equivalent to 31% of GDP, compared with 21% in 2000. US is

the largest export market for the China followed by the EU. (Freeman D. 2006).

China became the world’s manufacturing hub, specializing in the labor-intensive, export-led production

of cheap goods that enabled a gradual increase in product complexity. Now China is the second largest

provider and the top receiver of foreign direct investment (FDI). The Chinese private sector is the main

driver of growth and employment. Between 2010 and 2012, private sector firms produced between

two-thirds and three-quarters of China’s GDP. China lifted more people out of poverty than any other

country. China experienced an average GDP growth of close to 10% per year until 2014, raising per

capita GDP almost 49-fold, from 155 current US Dollars (1978) to 7,590 US Dollars in 2014, lifting

800 million people out of poverty. (Eckart. J, 2016)

Since 2010 China is the world’s largest exporter and second-largest importer of merchandise goods, as

well as the fifth largest exporter and third largest importer of commercial services. The main exporting

countries are the US (17%), the European Union (15.9%), Hong Kong (15.5%), Japan (6.4%) and the

Republic of Korea (4.3%). The following image depicted the china trade to the different counties of the

world in 2013. (Eckart. J, 2016)

 Source: New York Times: Graphical presentation of the china trade to the different counties of the

world in 2013

The Three Phases of Chinese Development in science and technology:

In less than 4o years, the Chinese innovation transformed into three stage:

1. From copying to fit for purpose: China’s primary efforts was competing with global manufacturers

by coping there idea and providing low cost products and customize the products according to the

user demand. Chinese market changed very fast. Entrepreneur moved very swiftly form coping to

incremental innovation and improvement of the products.

2. From followers to world standard: Later they put extensive effort on research and development and

profound customer requirement understanding to develop products and business prototypes and

capture leadership on the markets.

3. From new resources to new knowledge : Extensive investment in R&D , incremental improvement ,

procuring the market access, the brands, the technology, and the human expertise allow Chinese to

stand a arduous innovation challenge to the incumbent corporations of the developed countries.

Chinese Innovation Successes

  Huawei's Single Radio Access Network (RAN) that allows a single base station to handle 1G,

2G, and 3G telephony.

 Suzhou Nano-Micro Bio-Tech's innovated world-beating nano-particles purification system for

bio-pharmaceuticals, medical diagnosis.

 TCL's TV set that can concurrently display two different Chanel full screen.

 Tencent's live chat application (WeChat) is one of the most popular mobile app throughout the

world.

 Xiaomi's is one of the leading mobile phone brand used clever uses of android platform and

rapid customize of customer requirement.

 Alibaba is the world's largest business-to-business (B-B) Internet portal.

China's Rise as a Major Contributor to Science:

Historically the world research center of science has shifted many times. During Renaissance the world

research center of science was Italy, then it was shifted to England to France and to Germany then it

was shifted to United State during the early twentieth century and till now United State contains its

scientific leadership. According to National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering,

and Institute of Medicine (2007), they raised concerned that USA might lose its place not only for the

possible decline of research but also raise of the rivals, particularly China. China has become the major

power in world science since last three decades. China has experienced rapid and sustained economic,

social and educational growth for past four decades strengthened its scientific raise. According to Xie

Yu, Zhang Chunni, Qing Lai (2014) “Four factors favor China's continuing rise in science: a large

population and human capital base, a labor market favoring academic meritocracy, a large diaspora of

Chinese-origin scientists, and a centralized government willing to invest in science.” Globalization, as

well as economic and human resource act as driving force for the rapid development of science and
technology of china. The gross expenditure for R&D as share of GDP 1991- 2010 graph is given

below where we can see that the gross expenditure for R&D of China is staidly increase. (Xie, Y.,

Zhang, C., & Lai, Q. 2014)

Source: Xie Yu, Zhang Chunni, Qing Lai (2014) “China's Rise As A Major Contributor To Science

And Technology.”

Chinese women contributions in the development:

The freedom of women is regarded as the fundamental part of the Chinese revolutions and rolling

communist party always give it high priority. Women participation in productive labor and socialist

construction is consider as the decisive force for the victory of the revolutions and women's

emancipation in China. Women liberation is also reflected in the popular quotations of Mao Tsetung

“The day all women in China stand on their feet is the time for -victory for the Chinese revolution.

Times have changed, and today men and women are equal. Whatever men comrades can accomplish,

women comrades can too”. He also told that “the revolution needed the support of women, who make

up half of the nation's population”

Women are actively participate in all trades and professions including oil-drilling, high tension power

line to high tech job. Women’s are now working side by side of men and shows seemingly equal

footing. Women position in china is much better than all other part in South and South- East Asia.
Women in China comprise 40 per cent of the labor force at the national level. The government have

taken many stems in emancipation the Chinese women to contribute in productive labor. Government

giving a comprehensive range of supportive services including bakeries, public canteens, laundries,

nurseries and kindergartens , tailoring shops to lessen the burden in household chores and child care.

There are night schools for both men and women workers in the factories. The socio- political context

in China facilitate change in women's position and inspires struggle to terminate outdated ways of

thinking and acting. (Kelkar, G. 1979).

Cultural and religious aspect in Chinese development:

The notion of religion in China matches closely to the conduct of the Chinese in their communal life

and their national identity in relation to faith. In the course of the transformation of China during the

twentieth century, religion has been perceived by the Chinese in many ways. Now there is no sole

perception of religion and it is gabbed from numerous viewpoints. Religion is assessed in its spiritual,

cultural and social sense. Spiritually, religion is understood to be a private or supernatural experience.

In this sagacity religion taken as a private matter and it is assumed to be human devoutness. Culturally,

religion is seen as a certain custom of a people or to be a manifestation of human civilization. In the

history of mankind Religion is namely a cultural phenomenon. From the perspective of society's

structure, religion is assumed as a social association or a administrative power. Religion as joint

existence and a social arrangement certainly has its function and effect in society. In this situation

religion is considered and recognized as a very complex social and cultural phenomenon. That’s why

most Chinese think religion is a sensitive topic. The religion politics of the Communist Party of China

(CPC) and the government of China are closely associated to this understanding. The CPC was founded

in 1921 in the atmosphere of the new cultural and the anti-religion movements. From its founding, the
CPC's understanding of religion was closely tied to the party's political and economic considerations. In

addition, its understanding of religion was deeply influenced by Marxist and Leninist religious theories.

Now religious politics and religious perception in China today stands at a crossroad. The deliberation

about religious matters in China is primarily motivated by political and social interests but finally also

in the sense of spirituality. (Xinping, Z. 2015).

Conclusion:

China's growth story is remarkable. In 2018, China is celebrating the fortieth anniversary of its change

from a deliberate to a market economy. China’s growth from poverty to a world power in the past four

decades is a development wonder unmatched in human history and a goldmine of new development

ideas and theories and there is much to learn from China.

 References

Xie, Y., Zhang, C., & Lai, Q. (2014). “China's rise as a major contributor to science and

technology”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of

America, 111(26), 9437-9442. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/23802583

Eckart. J (2016) “8 Things You Need To Know About China’s Economy” Retrieved from

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/8-facts-about-chinas-economy/

Kelkar, G. (1979). “China's Women: The Change and the Challenge.”  Economic and Political

Weekly, 14(5/6), 190-193. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/4367325

Xinping, Z. (2015). Religious Policy and the Concept of Religion in China. In Deeg M. & Scheid B.

(Eds.), Religion in China: Major Concepts and Minority Positions (pp. 51-64). Wien: Austrian

Academy of Sciences Press. Retrieved from doi:10.2307/j.ctt1vw0pdc.9