Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Carpentry
a. Lap tee joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
2. Fitting
a. Square Fit
b. “L” Fit
3. Tin-smithy
a. Rectangular Tray
b. Pipe “T” Joint
4. Basic Electrical
House Wiring
a. Stair case connection
b. Godown connection.
5.Trades for demonstration
1. Enter the lab with proper dress- code ( khaki apron and shoes)
3. Draw the figures of tools and equipments proportionately using pencil only
on the left side of the page.
4. Write the related theory part only on the right side of the page.
5. For every experiment, draw the related figure and write the individual
procedure in the observation book and take signature by the concerned
faculty. Write the date and Experiment number in the observation book.
And take signature of staff member on index page of lab manual.
6. Only after taking signature in the observation book, write the record. Marks
are allotted for your regularity. Performance of the students will be
assessed for every session of workshop being conducted.
8. Medical kits provided in the First – Aid Box. The students can utilize the
available medicines if at all there is any necessity.
Safety in Workshop
1.General& Hygiene:
• Present yourself neat and tidy inside the Workshop. No student will be
allowed to work without safety shoes.
• Always be alert inside the Workshop.
• Horseplay during work should be strictly avoided and it will be viewed
very seriously.
• Trim off your nails to reduce hand injury while working.
• No bangles, rings, watches etc should be worn when working in
Workshop.
• Students (especially girls) should ensure that their hairs are kept intact.
• The wash basin area should be kept clean and soaps after every hand
wash should be washed and kept for others use.
• The specified toilets should be used by the specified people.
2.Housekeeping:
• Ensure that the place around you is kept neat and tidy.
• See that there are no loose materials like tools, finished product, and
personal belongings lying on the shop floor.
• Oil, grease, lubricants, coolant, saw dust etc spilled on the floor is to be
completely cleaned before start and completion of the work.
• The walk ways inside the workshop should be kept free for easy
movement of persons using it.
• The best housekeeping ensures safe working environment.
3.Fire:
• Be vigilant about sparks and small fires in and around the Workshop.
• Inflammable materials like diesel, kerosene, petrol and chemicals
should be kept away from welding, smithy, grinding areas, etc.
• Avoid contact lenses when you are exposed directly to welding sparks
and chemical fumes.
• Familiarize yourself with the basic types of fire extinguishers and their
usage.
• In case of tire immediately evacuate yourself and assemble at the
“Emergency assembly point”
4.Electrical:
• Be careful about all electric connections and do not tamper with them.
• If you spot any loose wires or loose connections inform the authorities
immediately.
• Do not switch ‘on’ any electrical switches, unless you are asked to do
so.
• Sharp objects including tools should be avoided colliding with electrical
wires.
• Do not tamper with the chemical bath in the Electroplating section.
6.Communication:
Steel Rule
Solo
Marking Guage
Introduction:
Carpentry may be defined as the process of making wooden components. It deals
with the building work, furniture, cabinet making etc. Jointly, i.e., Preparation of joints is
one of the important operations in all wood works. It deals with making joints for a variety
of applications viz, door frames, window frames, wardrobes, cupboards, stairs etc. In this
chapter tools and works associated with joinery are presented.
Carpentry Material – Timber:
Timber is the basic material used for any class of carpentry work. The term timber is
applied to the wood obtained from; well-grown trees. The trees are cut, sawn into
various sizes to suit the required purpose.
Hand or Cross-cut Saw: It is used to cut across the grains of the stock or thick wood.
Theteeth are set alternately to the right and left of the blade, and its purpose is to make
the cut wider than the thickness of the blade. This allows the blade to move freely in the
cut, without sticking. Her teeth are set at 2.5 mm apart.
Tenon Saw or Back Saw :This saw is mostly used for cross cutting when a finer and
moreaccurate finish is required. The teeth are shaped in the form of an equilateral
triangle and generally have 13 teeth for 25 mm length.
Firmer Chisel or Straight Edge Chisel :It is a general-purpose chisel and is used
forcutting and shaping wood accurately. The width of the blade varies from 1.5 to 50
mm.
Adze: Adze is a side axe used to chop extra wood quickly by carpenters. Adze with
verylong handle is used to plane long palm tree barks in standing position and also used
as a hammer.
Miscellaneous Tools:
Pincer: It is made of steel with a hinged joint and is used for pulling out small nails from wood.
Claw Hammer :It is a dual-purpose hammer. It has a hammer face, which is used to
drive innails and claw at the other end for pulling out mails from the wood.
Wood Rasp File: It is a finishing tool used to make the wood surface smooth, remove
thesharp edges and other interior surfaces. Sharp cutting teeth are provided on its surface.
This file is exclusively used in woodwork.
Wood Joints :
There are many kinds of joints used to connect wood stock. Each joint has a definite use
and required marking, cutting and joining together. The strength of the joint depends on
the amount of contact area. If a particular joint does not have much contact area, then it
must be reinforced with nails, screws or dowels.
Lap Joint: Also called halving joint. The aim of this joint is to secure the corners
andintersections of the framing and at the same time in the same plane. They may be
usefully employed in many types of framing where strength and appearance are of
secondary consideration.
Mortise and Tenon Joint: This family of joints is a large one and does probably the
woodworker use the commonest. It consists of a rectangular peg (tenon) fitting into a
rectangular hole (mortise).
Briddle Joint: These are the reverse of mortise and tenon joints in form and are often
calledthe open mortise tenon. These joints are used where the members are of square
or near-square or near-square section and thus unsuitable for making a mortise and
tenon joint of good proportions.
Instructions
1. When you are using your thumb as a guide for cross cutting and ripping,
raise it sufficiently high.
4. Always use marking gauge (or) a mortise gauge for drawing lines.
7. Do not test sharpness of the edge of the cutting tools on your hand.
8. Do not keep your hands In front of the sharp edged tools while they are in use.
Safety Precautions :
General :Make sure that your hands are not in front of sharp edged tools while you are
usingthem.
Saws :Be careful when you are using your thumb as a guide in cross cutting.
Chisels :
1. Never chisel towards any part of the body.
2. Test the sharpness of the cutting edge on wood or paper, not on your hand.
Exercise:
Sequence of Operations:
1. Marking 2. Planning 3. Cutting 4. setting
Procedure:
1. Select a teak wood material and mark the size as per drawing with the help of
marking tools like steel rule, marking gauge, try square.
2. Planning of sides with the help of wooden jackplane to maintain the required
dimensions.
3. Fix the work piece in carpentry vice and cut into two equal pieces of size 150mm X
30mm with the help of handsaw.
4. Mark the two work pieces for male cutting and groove cutting as per dimensions.
5. Fix the work pieces one by one on the bench with the help of ‘C’ Clamp and a groove
is made as shown in drawing with the help of chisels and adze.
6. The two work pieces are fitted to make Lap Tee Joint as per drawing.
Precautions :
1. We should be careful while marking and planning
2. Special care is required while cutting the groove with firmer chisel so that the
dimension is not exceeded.
Result: Mortise and TenonJoint is prepared as per given dimensions
VIVA QUESTIONS :
Vernier height gauge: It is made of steel having an upright steel bar fixed to a steel base.
A movable jaw is fitted with an upright bar with the help of the screw. It is used to mark the
work to the required size of machining and also to check the height of the work. The least
count of a vernier height gauge is 0.02 mm.
Scribers: Scribers made of carbon steel and have a sharp-pointed edge .They are used to
scribe the workpiece.
Dividers: Dividers are used for dividing, and marking length equally. They have both
points sharpened like needle points. The dividing length may be adjusted by a thumb
screw provided on the dividers.
Try square: A try square is used for marking and testing right angles. It consists of a steel
blade riveted at a right angle to the edge of the machined stock. The blade length varies
from 150 to 300 mm.
Dot punch: It has conical points with an angle 600 . It is used to make dots along a
centre punch: The point of the punch is made to 90°. It is used to mark a drill point on the
work for setting the drill bit for drilling operation
Surface plate: A surface plate is made of grey cast iron. It is used for testing the flatness
of a workpiece. It also supports a vernier height gauge. and a surface gauge while
measuring.
Angle plate: An angle plate is made of grey cast iron. It has two plane surfaces at right
angles to each other. It is used in conjunction with the surface plate for supporting the
workpiece in a perpendicular position.
Hammers are made of high carbon steel. They are used for striking nails, rivets, punches,
chisels, etc. A hammer consists of a head, peen, striking face and a handle. According to
the shape and weight of hammers, they are classified into the following types.
Ball peen hammer: One side of the ball peen hammer is flat and the other side is
spherical in shape. It is used for rounding off rivets, making ground and concave
indentations and also for flattering surfaces.
Cross peen hammer: It has a flat face on one end and a peen at right angles to the
handle. The flat face is for striking and the cross peen is used for making grooves on
workpieces.
Straight peen hammer: One head is flat and the other end has an edge parallel to the
handle. It is used for making grooves and straight indentations on workpieces.
Flat chisel Sledge hammer
Soft face hammer: It is made of soft metals like copper, aluminium or lead. This hammer
is used for hammering finished jobs.
Claw hammer: It has a cut in the centre and named claw. It has a bend with a sharp
curve. The claw helps to pull out nails from walls and wooden pieces.
Mallet: A mallet is a wooden hammer. it is used in for driving a workpiece to give a tight fit.
It is also used in sheet metal works for bending thin sheets.
Cold chisel: It is a commonly used chisel in a fitting shop. it is used for cutting cold metals.
The cutting edge is slightly curved shape and its cutting angle is 600. The width of the
cutting edge varies from 20 to 25 mm and its length varies from 100 to 400 mm.
Cape chisel or cross cut chisel: A cape chisel has a long tapered cutting point. It is used
for cutting narrow grooves, key-ways, slots and channels. The length of the chisel varies
from 100 to 400 mm and Its width depends on the proportional length.
Round nose chisel: This type of chisel is used for cutting grooves in pulleys and in
shafts. The cutting edge is semicircular. The length of the chisel is about 150—250 mm
and the width is around 6—16 mm
Diamond point chisel: It is squared and bevelled to make a diamond shape cutting edge.
It is used for cutting cast iron pipes, cutting grooves and square corners edges.
Hacksaw A hacksaw is a hand tool used by the fitter for cutting operations. It has two
parts, namely a frame and a blade. One end f the frame is fixed type and the oilier is an
adjustable type. Between the frame grooves the blade is locked.
Hacksaw blade: A hacksaw blade is a cutting tool having a number of teeth set in proper
order. It has two holes at its ends for fixing it with the frame. The hacksaw blade is made
of high carbon steel. low tungsten alloy and is used for cutting mild steel, brass, copper,
aluminium, soft alloys, plastics. etc.
Setting of teeth: The teeth of blades are set a particular way so that the saw cut becomes
wider than the thickness of the blade to avoid jamming of the blade. The teeth are set to
give clearance for the blade to move forwards, backwards and also to avoid noise when
cutting. The blades are available in various shape, size and quality.
2. Flexible blades
Finishing Tools
Finishing tools are used to remove burrs and clean the outer surface of the workpiece. The
best example for finishing tools are Files and abrasive paper.
Other Tools
. Hammers are used for striking punches, cold chisels to make letters and figures on the
surface of the workpiece .
. It is also used for forging hot metal, riveting, bending, straightening and stretching. etc.
FILES
A file is a widely used finishing tool in a fitting shop. Files are made of hardened steel
having parallel rows of teeth throughout their surface.
Heel: It is the face of the file that comes next to the tang.
Classification of Files
1. Flat file 2. Square file 3. Round file 4. Half round file 5. Triangular file 6. Knife edge file
Flat file: The teeth of the file is double cut and is used for rough filing works. It is
rectangular in cross section.
Dead smooth cut file: A dead smooth cut file has 40—45 teeth per centimetre. It removes
less material and gives best polish surface.
FITTING PROCESS
There are several fitting operations performed on a workpiece to get required size, shape
and fit. The following operations are performed in a fitting shop.
Measuring is the first step and then marking is done in fitting work. Marking is done by
using a scriber or by surface gauge. The surface of the workpiece to be marked is coated
with chalk and the measurement is taken from the centre line or from a filed (finished)
edge. The workpiece is held on the surface plate or V’ block or angle plate for marking.
Sawing
Sawing is the process of cutting different metal pieces to the desired shape and size by
using a hacksaw.
In sawing operation:
• The handle of hacksaw should be in the right hand.
• The teeth of the hacksaw blade should be in the direction of the cut and
away from the handle.
• The blade should be held straight and correctly tensioned.
• Little downward pressure is needed in a forward stroke and there is no
pressure needed during a reverse stroke.
Filing
Filing is the process of removing a small amount of metal by using a file. The method of
filing depends upon the following:
Filing methods
Longitudinal filing: Using this method the workpiece is finished to the required size in a
longitudinal direction. The file is moved parallel the longer side of the work. This is the
most commonly used filing method.
Transverse filing: The stroke of the file is at right angles to the longer side of work. Using
this process the material is brought close to the final finishing state.
• The diagonal filing process is used to reduce heavy material from the workpiece.
• The teeth of the hacksaw blade should he in the direction of the cut and away from the
handle.
Little downward pressure is needed in a forward stroke and there is no pressure needed
during a reverse stroke.
SQUARE FIT
Procedure:
1. Take M.S plates, mark the dimensions as per the diagram by using steel rule and
scriber on chalk applied surface
2. Filing the edges to remove excess material and burrs.
3. Punch dots along the marked lines with dot punch.
4. Cut the unwanted material with the help of hacksaw and chisel.
5. Filing cutting edges with square file to get surface finish of the edges.
Precautions:
1. Cut the material along marked lines towards removing side
2. Hold hacksaw proper position to cut the material
3. Remove burrs properly by filing.
4. Do not test sharpness of cutting tools on your body
5. Hold the work piece firmly in bench vice while cutting.
Result :
Required square fit is prepared as per the given dimensions.
“L “ FIT
Procedure:
1. Take M.S plates, mark the dimensions as per the diagram by using
steel rule and scriber on chalk applied surface
2. Filing the edges to remove excess material and burrs.
3. Punch dots along the marked lines with dot punch.
4. Cut the unwanted material with the help of hacksaw and chisel.
5. Filing cutting edges with square file to get surface finish of the edges.
Precautions:
1. Cut the material along marked lines towards removing side
2. Hold hacksaw proper position to cut the material
3. Remove burrs properly by filing.
4. Do not test sharpness of cutting tools on your body
5. Hold the work piece firmly in bench vice while cutting.
Result :
Required square fit is prepared as per the given dimensions.
TIN SMITHY
Bench vice Standard Wire Gauge(SWG)
Many engineering and house articles such as boxes, cans, funnels, ducts
etc. are made from a flat sheet of metal. The process being known as tin smithy.
For this the development of the article is first drawn on the sheet metal, then cut
and folded, to form the required shape of the article.
Allowance should be given in the drawing stage for folding and bending. This
allowance depends upon the radius of the bend and thickness of the sheet metal.
A variety of metals are used in a sheet metal shop such as galvanized Iron,
black, Iron, tin, Stainless Steel, copper and Aluminium.
Hand Tools :
The common hand tools used in sheet metal work are steel, try square, Wire
gauge,
Scriber, Ball peen hammer, Nylon Mallet, Snips Divider, Stakes, Cutting plier and
Soldering
Iron. Here, the details of tools that are being equipped by our workshop purpose
only are presented.
Wire Gauge: The thickness of sheet is referred in numbers known as standard wire
gauge(SWG). The gaps in the circumference of the gauge are used to check the gauge
number.
Steel Rule : It is a strip of steel with graduations on its edges. It is used for
measuring andsetting out dimensions.
Scriber :A scriber is a slender steel tool, used to scribe or mark lines on sheet
metal.
Straight Snips : These are having straight blades and are used for cutting along
straightlines and for trimming edges.
Curved Snips : These are having curved blades and are used for cutting circles
andirregular shapes.
Divider :It consists of two pointed legs. The points are hardened and tempered
toprevent wear. It is used for transferring the sizes and scribing curves or circles.
Bench vice :It is generally used for holding and bending the work piece.
Hammers :Light weight hammers and mallets are used in sheet metal work.
Ball Peen Hammer : It has a cylindrical, slightly curved face and a ball head. It is a
generalpurpose hammer used mostly for riveting in sheet metal work.
Cross Peen Hammer : It has a tapered peen end and is perpendicular to the
handle. Becauseof this, it can reach awkward corners.
Straight Peen Hammer : It has the peen end similar to the cross peen, but it is
positionedparallel to the handle which can be used conveniently for certain
operations of folding.
Nylon Mallet : It is used for bending and folding work. It is light in weight, covers
more areaand do not damage the surface area.
Stakes :Stakes are made of steel and forged in a variety of shapes and sizes.
These areused as supporting tool and to form, seam, bend or rivet sheet metal
objects.
Anvil :Anvil provides the necessary support during hammering. It is also useful for
operations such as bending. Its body is generally made of mild steel and a strip of
high carbon steel about 20 mm thick is welded on top to provide hard face.
The shapes of most articles made with sheet metal are in few geometrical
forms. All these forms are made from flat sheet; therefore the first requirement is
developing the lines, which forms the pattern. The development or stretch out of a
job is called pattern and developing lines which forms a pattern is layout. It may be
drawn on paper first and then transferred in the sheet or it may layout directly on
sheet metal. When a pattern is made repeatedly, it is generally made of metal and
referred to as a template.
Insturctions :
SafetryPrecautions :
Exercise:
1. Rectangular Tray
2. Pipe TEE Joint
RECTANGULAR TRAY
Experiment No. Date :
Learning objectives:
➢ To learn about different types of sheet metal operations.
➢ To learn about different tools used in sheet metal operations.
➢ To understand applications of sheet metal working process in day- to – day
life
Aim :To prepare a Rectangular tray as per dimensions given in the sketch.
Tools Required :
1. Steel rule 300 mm
2. Scriber 150 mm
3. Try square 200 mm
4. Straight snip 200 mm
5. Curved snip 200 mm
6. Ball peen hammer 750 grams
7. Nylon mallet 450 grams
8. Cutting plier 200 mm
9. Rectangular stake 70mm x 40 mm x 20mm
Sequence of Operations:
1. Marking 2. Cutting 3. Folding 4.Bending 5. Finishing
Procedure:
1. Take a galvanized iron sheet flatten it properly by light blows using nylon mallet.
2. From the drawing of the Rectangular tray (fig1) obtain the necessary
dimensions, by the development of surface, of the sheet to be cut.
3. Do the marking on the sheet of metal using the scriber and scale as per dimensions
obtained providing allowance for bending at the edges.
4. Cut of the sheets using snips.
5. Using nylon mallet and cutting plier join the two edges of the sheet.
6. Finish the work by using rectangular stake.
Precautions:
1. Should pay attention while marking.
2. Bending and finishing should be done neatly and straight.
3. Cutting should be done carefully along the marked lines, and while cutting care
should be taken to cut it at the further end. Otherwise the metal sheet might bend
giving wrong shape.
Result: Required Rectangular Tray is obtained.
Development of pipe “T” joint
Aim :To prepare a pipe “T” joint as per dimensions given in the sketch.
Materials Required :170 mm x 100mm size Galvanized Iron sheets 2 no’s.
Tools Required :
1. Steel rule 300 mm
2. Scriber 150 mm
3. Try square 200 mm
4. Straight snip 200 mm
5. Curved snip 200 mm
6. Ball peen hammer 750 grams
7. Nylon mallet 450 grams
8. Cutting plier 200 mm
9. Cylindrical stake Ø50 mm
Sequence of Operations:
1. Marking 2. Cutting 3. Folding 4.Bending 5. Finishing
Procedure:
1. Take a galvanized iron sheet flatten it properly by light blows using nylon mallet.
2. From the drawing of the pipe “T” joint (fig2) obtain the necessary
dimensions, by the development of surface, of the sheet to be
cut.
3. Do the marking on the sheet metal using the scriber and scale as per dimensions
Obtained, providing allowance for bending at the edges.
4. Cut of the sheets using snips.
5. Using nylon mallet and cutting plier join the two edges of the sheet.
6. Select the cylindrical stake and roll it to obtain cylindrical shape.
7. Join two pieces to obtain pipe “T” joint by soldering.
Precautions:
1. Should pay attention while marking.
2. Bending and finishing should be done neatly and straight.
3. Cutting should be done carefully along the marked lines, and while cutting care
should be taken to cut it at the further end. Otherwise the metal sheet might bend
giving wrong shape.
Result: Required Pipe “T” joint is obtained.
VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is the raw material used in Tin smithy for doing experiments
2. Classify the tools used in Tin smithy
3. Name some measuring tools
4. Name some marking tools
5. Name some cutting tools
6. Name some finishing tools
7. What is the use of Nylon mallet
8. What is the purpose of given tool
9. Differentiate between mallet and Hammer
10. Differentiate between straight snip and curved snip
11. What is the purpose of snip
12. What is the use of anvil
13. What is the purpose of Stake
14. What is the use of scriber
15. What is use of cutting plier
16. What is the supporting tool used to obtain the final shape of the Model
17. What type of development is applied for Plain Pipe
18. What type of development is applied for Rectangular tray
19. What type of development is applied for Funnel
20. What is the full form of SWG
21. Tell some precautions should be taken in Tin Smithy Trade
22. What are the various types of hammer
23. What do you mean by Galvanization
24. Draw any sheet metal joint symbols
25. Name different parts of anvil
26. What is the difference between cross peen hammer and straight peen hammer
27. What are the different types of metal sheets available
28. What is the use of divider
29. What is the sequence of operations in Tim Smithy
30. How did you join metal sheets
ELECTRICAL
Godown wiring
Incandescent lamp
Compact Flouroscent lamp Light emitting diode
Introduction:
Power is supplied to the domestic installations through, the phase and a neutral,
forming a single phase A.C. 230V, two wire system. For industrial establishments, power is
supplied through three-phase four-wire system to give 440V. Figure shows the power
tapping for domestic and industrial purposes. The neutral is earthed at the sub-station of the
supply.
As a safe practice all single-phase devices such as switches, fuses etc., are
connected to the live conductor. All electrical conductors and cables are colored coded and
conductors, components and apparatus for conveying electrical power from the source to
the point of use. The wiring system must be designed to provide a constant voltage to the
load.
2. Electrical switch
3. Plug
4. Socket outlet
5. Lamp holder
6. Ceiling Rose
7. Main switch
8. Incandescent light
Wires and wire sizes:
material made of vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR) or Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC).
Wire sizes are specified by the diameter of the wire, using a standard wire
gauge
(SWG), which also gives an idea of the current carrying capacity. The specification
consists of both the number of strands and diameter of each wire in it. For Example,
1. Cleat wiring
5. Conduit wiring
Wiring methods:
1. Series circuit
2. Parallel circuit
Fundamentals of Electricity:
Electricity: Electricity is a form of energy, which cannot be seen. But can be felt and
Voltage: It is a pressure which makes the electricity to flow. The unit of measure is
Current: The free flow of electrons is called as current. The unit to measure current is
‘Ampere’.
The symbol is ‘A’. The instrument used to measure the current is Ammeter.
Resistance: It is opposition to current. The unit of resistance is ‘Ohm’. The symbol of
ohm isΩ. The resistance is measured by Ohmmeter.
Voltage V or E = W / I = IR
Current I = E / R = W / E
Resistance R = E2 / W = E / I
Wattage W = I2R = EI = E2 / R
Side cutting Plier: Used for Cutting at narrow places or ordinary places for
removing
insulation.
Round Nose Plier or Flat Nose Plier: Used for holding, twisting or joining the wire at
narrow
places.
Firmer Chisel: Used for chipping, scrapping and grooving the wood.
Cold chisel: Used for chipping, Boring and channeling in walls.
Tenon saw or back Saw: Used for cutting wooden boards, Block casting etc.
Double Blade Electric knife: It has two blades, one for removing insulation of wires
Royal Plug Tool: It is made of steel and is used for making holes in the stone wall
Screw driver: Used for loosening, tightening and to keep the screws in position.
Ball Peen Hammer: Used for fitting nails in the walls or wooden boards.
Instructions :
1. When closing the electric switch, always grasp the switch by the insulated
handle.
4. Disconnect the units to be repaired free from power supply and make sure
that they might not be energized while the repair work continue
5. Do not pour water to put-off fires in electric wires and electric equipment. You
will be subjected to electric shock or you will be electrocuted. Use sand to
put-off fires in electric items.
6. Whenever there is power failure, put-off the power supply to all equipment, in
order to prevent spontaneous recovery.
7. Never remove a plug from an outlet by pulling cord. Always pull by holding the
plug.
8. While testing always keep one hand in your packet. If the hands are in contact
with a circuit, current will flow across your body and is more dangerous.
9. Electricity has no respect for ignorance. Do not apply voltage or turn-on any
device until it has been properly checked.
Safety Precautions :
1. First we should be insulated
2. Care should be taken while fixing the fuse
3. All the switches should be off before power supply.
4. When power is on, the terminal wires should not be touched
EXPERIMENT-2
Aim: To control one lamp from to different places(Stair Case Wiring).
Learning Objectives:
➢ Estimate the required material to control one lamp from two different places
➢ Practice connection of lamp with two way switch
➢ Control one lamp from two difffernt places
Tools Required:
Materials Required:
S.No Name of the Material Accounting Unit Size Qty
Procedure:
1. Take installation plan and mark the positions of lamp holder, switches, cable run and
auxiliary accessories.
2. Cut the PVC Conduit in to required length as per the installation plan.
3. Install pvc conduit using base saddles and screws.
4. Remove top covers of pvc junction boxes & gang boxes and install it as per the
installation plan.
5. Fix two way switches on the to covers of gang boxes.
6. Install lamp holders and switches as per the installation plan.
7. Take circuit diagram.
8. Run the cable and make connections to various accessories as per circuit diagram.
9. Close the top covers of all junction boxes and gang boxes.
10. Insert lamp in the lamp holder.
11. Switch ON supply to the circuit, and by operating switches as per the operation table,
lamp is controlled.
12. After Controlling, Switch OFF Supply to the circuit.
Precautions:
1. While fixing saddes on pvc conduit in horizontal and vertical pojitions follow BIS
recommendations.
2. All connections must be neat and tight.
3. Check the cable continuity, and leave 15 cm extra cable for allowance.
4. Installation appearance shoud be neat and good.
Installation Plan:
Circuit Diagram:
Operation Table:
ON OFF ON
OFF ON ON
ON ON OFF
EXPERIMENT-2
Aim: To practice Godown wiring
Learning Objectives:
➢ Estimate required material for godown wiring.
➢ Practice connection of one way & two way switches with lamps.
Tools Required:
S.No Name of the Tool Accounting Unit Size Qty
Materials Required:
Procedure:
1. Take installation plan and mark the positions of lamp holder, switches, cable run and
auxiliary accessories.
2. Cut the PVC Conduit in to required length as per the installation plan.
3. Install pvc conduit using base saddles and screws.
4. Remove top covers of pvc junction boxes & gang boxes and install it as per the
installation plan.
5. Fix two way switches on the to covers of gang boxes.
6. Install lamp holders and switches as per the installation plan.
7. Take circuit diagram.
8. Run the cable and make connections to various accessories as per circuit diagram.
9. Close the top covers of all junction boxes and gang boxes.
10. Insert lamp in the lamp holder.
11. Switch ON supply to the circuit, and by operating switches as per the operation table,
lamp is controlled.
12. After Controlling, Switch OFF Supply to the circuit.
Precautions:
1. While fixing saddes on pvc conduit in horizontal and vertical pojitions follow BIS
recommendations.
2. All connections must be neat and tight.
3. Check the cable continuity, and leave 15 cm extra cable for allowance.
4. Installation appearance shoud be neat and good.
Installlation Plan:
Circuit Diagram:
Operation Table: