Name: ____________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: _________

Chapter 12
Grouping the Elements
Why are properties of the They have the same number of electrons in their outer
elements in a group similar? energy level.

Reactive elements Atoms that take, give, or share electrons to have a

complete set of electrons in their outer energy level to
form compounds.
Group 1: Alkali Metals • Metals ex: NaCl -table salt
• 1 outer electron KBr- photography
Elements- • most reactive
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr • stored in oil
• soft
(not hydrogen) • shiny
• low density
Group 2: Alkaline- Earth Metals • Less reactive than alkali's ex: Ca -bones, chalk
• 2 outer electrons cement
• color of silver
Elements- • higher density than alkali's
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Group 3-12: Transition Metals • Metals

• 1 or 2 electrons in outer level ex: Mercury-
• less reactive than grp 1 or grp 2 thermometers
• good conductors Gold-rings
• high density and melting points Iron
• Do not give away electron easily.

Lanthanides/Actinides • Similar properties by row

• follow La and Ac
• Lanthanides-shiny reactive
• Actinides-radioactive and unstable

Group 12: Boron Group • 1 metalloid, 5 metals ex: Aluminum

• 3 outer electrons
• reactive
• solids
Elements-
B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Uut
 Group 14: Carbon Group
Elements-
C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Uuq
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
Elements-
N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup
Group 16: Oxygen Group
Elements-
O, S, Se, Te, Po
Group 17: Halogens
Elements-
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Group 18: Noble Gases
Elements-
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Hydrogen
• 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, 3 metals
• 4 outer electrons
• reactivity varies ex: Carbon-proteins, fats,
• solids diamonds
Germanium/silicon-
computer chips
• 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 2 metals
• 5 outer electrons
• reactivity varies ex: Nitrogen- air, fertilizers
• solids Phosphorus-very reactive
• 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal
• 6 outer electrons
• reactive
• all but oxygen are solid ex: Oxygen-air
Sulfur- Sulfuric acid
• Nonmetals
• 7 outer electrons ex: Chlorine-water
• very reactive treatment
• poor conductors Iodine-disinfectants/
• violent reactions with alkali's-salts medical
• Nonmetals
• 8 outer electrons (He only 2)
• unreactive ex: Argon- light bulbs
• colorless/odorless gases Helium- balloons
Neon-lights
• 1 outer electron
• Reactive
• colorless, odorless, gas ex: Stars, fuel (rockets)
• explosive reactions with oxygen
• put by alkali's because only 1 outer electron, but
has own properties