Professional Documents
Culture Documents
"I always drink coffee", she said. She said that she always drank coffee.
"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.
S + had (not) + ,,-ed” la vb. reg.
PREZENT PERFECT SIMPLU f. a III-a a vb. neregulat
"I will help you with the suitcase", he He said that he would help me with the suitcase.
said. S + would (not) + inf. scurt
“I am going to spend my summer in She said that she was going to spend her summer
Paris”, she said. in Paris.
S + ,,to be” la trec. (not) + going to + inf. scurt
CAN COULD
“I can swim very well”, he said. He said that he could swim very well.
MUST HAD TO
“You must try the cheesecake here”, She said that I had to try the cheesecake there.
she said.
HAVE TO
VORBIRE DIRECTĂ VORBIRE INDIRECTĂ
(DIRECT SPEECH) (INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH)
He said, “You may use my car this He said that I could use his car that time.
time.”
IMPERATIV INFINITIV
The teacher said, “Please keep the The teacher told us to keep the noise down.
noise down!” reporting verb (e.g., ask, tell) + subst./vb. + inf.
lung
next year the following year, the next, year, a year later
last month the month before, the previous month, the preceding month
last year the year before, the previous year, the preceding year
in two days weeks) two days from then, two weeks from then
here there
e.g., He said to me, ‘You have to come with me.’ -> He told me that I had to go with him.
e.g., He said, ‘She is a good girl.’ -> He said that she was a good girl.
*** Dacă verbul din propoziția care introduce vorbirea directă este la prezent simplu, prezent
perfect simplu sau viitor, timpul din propoziția la vorbirea indirectă nu se schimbă.
e.g., She says, “I wash my hair every day.” -> She says she washes her hair every day.
PREZENTUL SIMPLU PREZENTUL CONTINUU
(PRESENT SIMPLE) (PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE)
Alcătuire
Af. S + infinitiv scurt (fără “to”) Af. S + “to be” la prez. + inf. scurt +
term. “-ing”
*vb. care se termină în “-e” îl pierd la
adăugarea terminației “-ing”
e.g. I drink a cup of coffee every e.g. I am eating porridge at the
morning. moment.
He’s washing his car now.
Af. S (pers. a III-a sg. ) + inf. scurt + *dublăm consoana finală când vb. are
term. “-s” sau ”-es” la vb. care au “-s”, o singură silabă și se termină cu
“-ss”, “-sh”, “-ch”, “-zz” sau “-x” la structura consoană + vocală +
final consoană:
Neg. S + do not (don’t) + inf. scurt Neg. S + “to be” la prez. + not + inf.
S + does not (doesn’t) + inf. scurt scurt + term. “-ing”
e.g. I do not eat ice cream very often. e.g. We are not going out now.
He doesn’t usually drive to work. She isn’t watching TV at the
moment.
Int. Do + S + inf. scurt ... ? Int. “To be” la prez. + S + inf. scurt +
Does + S (pers. a III-a sg.) + inf. term.”-ing” ... ?
scurt ... ?
e.g. Do you usually watch television? e.g. Are you going to the supermarket
Does he enjoy his job? now?
e.g. I rarely drink coffee. e.g. I rarely drink coffee, but these days, I
am drinking more coffee because I am
busy at work.
- obiceiuri enervante (adesea cu
‘always’):
e.g. I look forward to hearing from you. e.g. I am looking forward to hearing from
you.
e.g. She opens the door and she sees this e.g. … He is wearing a pink dress and
man… (carte/film/piesă de teatru) earrings. (carte/film/piesă de teatru)
e.g. … I break three eggs into a bowl. e.g. While the butter is melting…
(demonstrație culinară) (demonstrație culinară)
e.g. Afterwards, you radio Louie, … e.g. … who is waiting round the corner.
(instrucțiune) (instrucțiune)
e.g. Adams makes a wonderful turn. e.g. … She is playing magnificent tennis
(comentariu sportiv) in this match. (comentariu sportiv)
- pentru a vorbi despre acțiunile cuiva
în poze:
e.g. The soup tastes delicious. e.g. Mother is tasting the soup to see
if it is warm enough for the baby.
• TO SEE:
• TO FORGET:
• TO MIND:
• TO HOPE, TO WONDER
e.g. I have a cat and two dogs. e.g. Jane is having breakfast. (= a
mânca)
I am having a bath now. (= a se
îmbăia)
e.g. Mary is a lovely girl. e.g. Look, how kind she is being to us
today!
She is being rude again!
*când sunt folosite la sensul propriu *când au un alt sens decât cel propriu
• TO APPEAR:
Alcătuire
Af. S + infinitiv scurt (fără “to”) + “- Af. S + ,,to have” la prez. + inf. scurt
ed” (la vb. reg.) (fără ,,to”) + “-ed” (la vb. reg.)
S + f. a II-a din lista vb. nereg. (la vb. S + ,,to have” la prez. + f. a III-a din
nereg.) lista (la vb. nereg.)
e.g. I watched a movie yesterday. e.g. I have lived in Sibiu since 2001.
I went to the cinema two days ago. He has worked here for two years.
He still loves it.
De reținut:
TO HAVE:
1) vb. reg. care se termină în ,,-e” nu I have
adaugă decât terminație ,,-d”: You have
He/She/It has
We have
You have
e.g. dance -> danced, recite -> recited They have
Neg. S + did not (didn’t) + inf. scurt Neg. S + ,,to have” la prez. + ,,not” +
inf. scurt (fără ,,to”) + “-ed” (la vb.
reg.)
e.g. I did not (didn’t) eat ice cream S + ,,to have” la prez. + ,,not” + f. a III-
yesterday. a din lista (la vb. nereg.)
Int. Did + S + inf. scurt? Int. ,,To have” la prez. + S + inf. scurt
+ “-ed” (la vb. reg.)?
,,To have” la prez. + S + f.
a III-a din lista (la vb. nereg.)?
e.g. Did you meet her yesterday? e.g. Have you ever been to Thailand?
Adverbe care însoțesc verbele la trecutul simplu și prezent perfect simplu
yesterday
last (week, month, year, Tuesday, etc.)
since (vb. după ,,since” sunt la trecut
(a week, two months, simplu; arată de când a început o
three years, etc.) ago acțiune)
in (2010, etc.)
recently
this/that (morning când este
un moment trecut, etc.) for (pentru a exprima durata)
on (Sunday, etc.)
the other day yet (de cele mai multe ori, în
propoziții negative)
e.g. I saw this movie yesterday night. e.g. I have recently seen this movie.
e.g. Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven e.g. Stephen King has written two
plays. hundred books so far.
e.g. I lost my keys last week. e.g. I have lost my keys and I can’t enter
my own house!
e.g. I lived in England in 2005. e.g. I have lived in England since 2005.
VIITORUL CU ,,WILL” VS. VIITORUL CU ,,TO BE
GOING TO”
Alcătuire
Af. S + will/’ll + infinitiv scurt (fără Af. S + ,,to be” la prez. + ,,going to”
“to”). inf. scurt.
e.g. Hold on! I will help you with the e.g. I am going to spend my summer
suitcase. in Spain.
Neg. S + will not (won’t) + inf. scurt. Neg. S + ,,to be” la prez. + not +
,,going to” + inf. scurt.
e.g. I won’t have the salad, I’ll go for e.g. When the boss sees this, she isn’t
the fish, thank you. going to be very happy.
Int. Will + S + inf. scurt? Int. ,,To be” la prez. + S + ,,going to”
+ inf. scurt?
e.g. Will you give me a hand with the e.g. Are you going to go to Thailand
homework? this year?
e.g. People will work more from home e.g. When the boss sees this, she is
in the future. going to go crazy.