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*BACKGROUND MUSIC/ THEME MUSIC* (first music)

Host1: Good morning to our avid viewers and listeners and welcome back to *pause*

H1&H2: “Good Morning Daily” *hand sign* (second music)

H1: Your daily dose of news, bits and entertainment. (the music is still on at this time)

Host2: In todays’ segment we will talk a little bit about our country’s education history. Especially in the
Spanish Colonial Era who colonized the Philippines for more than 300 years. (music off)

H1: All this in *pause*

H1&H2: “EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW”. *hand sign*

H1: We invited a guest this morning to answer some questions and inquiries. He has a doctoral degree in
Education and a renowned Historian as well. Everyone, please welcome, Dr. __________.

Dr.: Good morning H1 and H2. It’s nice to be here. Good morning to our viewers and listeners as well.

H2: Good morning Dr. we are pleased to have you and despite your hectic schedule, you still answered
our invitation to have you here. Thank you.

Dr.: Oh it’s nothing, everything for this segment. Iba na ang may alam. *chuckles*

H1: So we will be discussing about the education system of the Philippines during the Spanish era. What
can you share to us about this?

Dr.: Before, in the Spanish time, educational opportunities are kept under control by religious orders,
pinamumunuan ito ng mga friar o prayle, through a selective curriculum of rudimentary academics and a
heavy dose catechism, yung main focus nila kasi is to spread the Christian doctrine o catechismo. May
mga unibersidad na noong una no as early as 1565 by the Augustinians in Cebu, and most of them are
still standing now, iilan na dito yung University of Sto. Tomas, University of San Carlos, at Colegio de San
Juan de LEtran.

H2: may free education to all na ba po ba dati Dr.?

Dr.: At first hindi rin, mga mayayaman kasi yung nakakapasok lang sa mga unibersidad, galling sa mga
mapribilehiyo at maimpluwensyang angkan lang kasi ang nakaka pag aral noon. The education before
was religion oriented and it is for the elite especially in the early years of the Spanish colonization.

H1: So when, kailan po ba talaga nagsimula yung educational system sa pinas?

Dr.: Eto na yung tinatawag na “Educational Decree of 1863”. It was mandated by the Queen Isabela of
Spain. Ang tawag pa sa Department of Education noon under Spanish regime ay Superior Commission of
Primary Instruction at tawag Secretary of Education ay Chairman pa.

H2: So what is Educational Decree of 1863 po and what is mandated in this?

Dr.: The Educational Decree of 1863 was the first ever education system in the Philippines. It was an
effort by the Spain to reform the Philippine colonial education system. The decree required the
government to provide at least two primary schools , 1 for boys and 1 for girls in each town. Eto na yung
free primary education. Dito rin sinasaad na dapat mag talaga o gumawa sila ng eskwelahan para sa mga
lalaking gustong maging guro na i.train o hasain o yung normal schools for male. Later on gumawa na
rin ng normal schools for girls kasi yung education system nila dati ay gender separate.

H1: sino po yung namamahala sa mga eskwelahan na ito?

Dr.: yung mga prayle pa rin yung namumuno ditto. They owned several schools from primary to tertiary.
Yung sole responsibility naman ng mga missionary bukod sa pagpalaganap ng kristiyanismo ay
siguraduhin na nasusunod ang mga patakaran at regulasyon sa mga studyante. They control and teach
the students back then.

H2: Catholic schools lang po ba meron dati?

Dr.: No. On the early seventeenth century meron nang ibang eskwelahan o way ng pagtuturo hindi lang
ang Christian doctrine, isa na roon yung mga tinatawag natin na mongha. Yung mga pari at mongha,
they worked together with civil authorities to create primary schools na both religious and secular
subjects were taught.

H1: Speaking of subject, anu-ano po ba ang mga itinuturo noon?

Dr.: well, they taught algebra, agriculture, arithmetic, psychology, geography, history and languages to
name a few. Kaya lang kahit marami na nang unibersidad na tinayo dati, science and mathematics were
not much taught. They emphasized heavily kasi the Christian doctrine, in the first place it was their
mission to spread the said doctrine and colonized the country. Compulsory din yung Spanish class dito.
They taught housework too to females like embroidery and needlework.

H1: Ano po yung way of teaching nila?

Dr.: First yung Christian doctrine talaga, tapos teachers tended to use corporal punishment and more on
rote memorization.

H2: So ano po yung outcome ng Educational Decree of 1863 na ito sa pinas?

Dr.: well, it was inadequate, in fact the education throughout the Spanish era was inadequate. There
were not enough schools built. The teachers tended to use corporal punishment. A little to no
textbooks, no school furnitures and many of the students skipped classes to help earn a living. And even
though this law was made there were still inequality.

H2: Inequality?

Dr.: Yes, unfortunately there was still inequality in attaining education. It was religious and patriarchal.
They were taught that social mobility was achieved through education, pero yung may mga pribilehiyo o
mayayaman lang kadalasan nakakapasok sa mga prestihiyosong paaralan kaya it resulted in social
inequality and female subordination. Females were viewed inferior and placed lower than their
counterpart so their rights to education were denied more often than not. Tapos the friars exercised
control over the schools and yung mga guro nila ayaw nilang i.educate ng tama yung masa o mga indios.

H1: ay bakit naman po? So they did not properly educate the filipinos?
Dr.: Yes because they were threatened. Syempre they were controlling the filipinos, ayaw nilang maging
matalino tayo. They treat widespread secular education as threat to their control over us. Kaya nga
Science and Mathematics were barely taught eh.

H1: okay we will continue with the show in a bit. We will be back after a 5 minute break.

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H1: welcome back to this show’s segment, *pause*

H1&H2: in EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW. (hand sign)

H1: WELCOME BACK PROF.

DR.: WELCOME BACK H1 & H2

H2: Continuing, Is there any good results from the decree?

Dr.: of course meron naman. This decree even though implemented unevenly to the filipinos this
provided the filipinos a tool to function outside the colonial rule.

H1: Can you reiterate that further Dr.?

Dr.: Because of this decree kasi, many filipinos were given a chance to learn, many of the filipinos
emerged intellectually. The very colonial logic was to create a cadre of clerks and officials in service of
the new liberal colonial state but the decree of 1863 had an impact that was the reverse of what spain
intended. Basically, they did not like the way it turned out. It wasn’t what they expected or intended to
be. Gusto lang nila ng clerks o mga white collared employees eh but that isn’t what happened. *paused*

H1: yes Dr. please continue.

Dr.: as the result of the new increasing numbers of educated filipinos, a new social class raised, that
came to be known as the Illustrados.

H2: so itong mga illustrados ay mga edukadong Pilipino?

Dr. you are right H2. Also, these illustrados were often well-off families. So they had the privilege of
studying abroad usually in Madrid and Barcelona Spain. These illustrados contributed to the cause of
Filipino independence.

H1: sinu-sino po ba ang mga Illustrados na to?

Dr.: Some of them were Dr. Jose Rizal who fought through his writing using the Spanish language.
Antonio Luna, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez and Mariano Ponce. So basically, this decree helped
the filipino fight against the colonization and achieve self-government.

H2: few questions nalang po before mag end ang segment na to prof. What do you think is the biggest
impact of the decree up to the present?

Dr.: aside doon sa Philippine independence, the Decree and the colonization itself brought us the
Catholic faith. Ito yung pinaka malaking ambag ng kolonisasyong espanya sa kasaysayan ng pilipinas.
Hanggang ngayon andami paring mga deboto at ibat ibang uri ng santo ay pinagdidiwang saan mang
sulok sa bansa.

H1: How about yung di masyadong maganda na naging epekto nito, in your own opinion?

Dr.: yung patriarchal system. Fortunately, unti unting nawawala na yan no, pero how many years our
women suffered from that kind of treatment. Isa pa doon yung corporal punishment, ironically, I think
yung corporal punishment which is a bad thing that bred fear and authority to students, that they had
no choice but to respect their teachers back then, something that nowadays, is fading away. Im not
saying corporal punishment should be implemented, that would be so wrong. Even us naka tikim tayo ng
pag didisiplina ng mga titser natin eh, something that is a residue to that kind of practice.

H2: anything you might want to add regarding this topic prof/dr.?

Dr.: well, it is also worth notetaking that the Philippines during this time were advanced and filipinos
were among the most educated people in all of Asia even more advanced than the people from spain at
least outside the capital. They have the highest literacy rate in the continent. They were superior in
intellect. The Philippines were ahead in building universities in asia and also ahead of some European
countries in offering education for women. Ironically, it was during the time of American occupation that
the results of Spanish education were more visible.

H1: there it is guys. Thank you very much professor for gracing us with your presence here today.

H2: we have learned so much from you. Thank you.

Dr.: thank you so much to the both of you and to the show for having me here today. It is truly a fulfilling
thing for me as a historian and a professor to impart knowledge of yesterday to our fellow filipinos
especially the young ones. So the pleasure is mine.

H1: So, that ends our show for today. Catch us again tomorrow for another segment in , *pause*

All: everything you need to know *hand sign always*

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