PART

i CHAPTER 6

Sports Combination Sentences

Sports

■ The top five sports activities of adult
participants in the U.S.: fast walking,
swimming, bicycle riding, exercising with
equipment, camping
■ The top five sports of adult participants in
Canada: baseball/softball, hockey, downhill
skiing, swimming, golf
■ Doctors recommend at least twenty-five
minutes of aerobic exercise three times a
week to maintain good health.
B The best all-time professional teams in
popular North American sports:
Baseball team with the most World Series
wins—New York Yankees
Basketball team with most National
Basketball Association titles—Boston
Celtics
Ice hockey team with most Stanley Cup
wins—Montreal Canadians
Canadian Football League team with most
Grey Cup wins—Toronto Argonauts
U.S. football team with most successful
National Football League record—Dallas
Cowboys

Words to Know

aerobic exercise Any form of exercise, such

as fast walking, jogging, or swimming,
when the body does a continuous, physical
action so that the heart and lungs need to
work hard.

O What is your favorite sport?

What sports or exercise do you do? Do you get aerobic exercise doing it?

73
 Form
A combination sentence can be any of the sentences discussed in earlier
chapters joined together with one or more additional clauses to help express
a related idea. There are many possible combinations. Here are some
possibilities:

• a complex sentence with an adjective clause and an adverb clause

• a complex sentence with an adjective clause and a compound sentence
• a complex sentence with an adverb clause and compound sentence
• two compound sentences

Example Sentences
Note the combination sentences in the examples below about sports.

6sv V mickey
1. Young people (Źjjho)partidpate ín sports are usually in good health(6ecausi
S = subject I sv
I they get so much exercise.
■: (in independent clauses) ’
(complex sentence with an adjective clause and an adverb clause)
i

; . (in dependent clauses) | 5 &v y

. hv = helping verb İ 2. Girls ^qjplay on school sports teams often have higher grades than other
connecting word ; t
: trans = transition word tra.tis_ 5 V
marker » adverb clause marker girls; ¡^addition) they have more self-confidence and a better self-image.
. . ..«I - « -/-•■«‘—O-'’—* (compoû'nB^sêntence with an adjective clause)

S V
3. Some sports, such as jogging and swimming, are good aerobic exercise
marker s v Z'*'x cw 6
■¿because* they give your heart steady, regularjxercise, put/other sports,
- fi v V
such as bowling and weightlifting, do not exercise your heart so well.
(compound sentence with an adverb clause)

ÔV
4. According to scientists, it is not necessary to do a lot of heavy exercise
marker s v S hv
every day;@you walk for a total of twenty-five minutes a day, you are

probably getting enough exercise.

(compound sentence with an adverb clause)

S hv V
5, The game "football" to most of the world is called "soccer" in North
.-trans . S V -,
America; /n addition^ football is popular in both Canada and the U.S.,(butJ
gy
there are some differences between Canadian and American football in

the field size and certain rules.

(two compound sentences)

PA R T WRITING FOCUS
 Sentence Practice

Exercise 1 The following paragraph has many combination sentences. The subjects are marked
with 5 in an independent clause and 5 in a dependent clause. First, mark the verbs
with V in an independent clause or v in a dependent clause, and draw an arrow to
their subjects. Then circle the connecting words and transition words. The first
sentence is done for you.

The History of Soccer

$ v ‘ J v
Soccer, which)is known throughout most of the world as "football," is

the most popular sport in the worldẃ additionnas a very old sport. The

5
first soccer games ¿that were written about took place in England; they were

part of a festival to celebrate the victory of England over Rome in the year

s
A.D. 217. The sport developed and remained popular in England as football;

_ 5 -s-
however, the beginning of another form of football, ^hicp' became known as

6
rugby, caused confusion in the 1800s. Bpcause the two games were getting

s
mixed up, the London Football Association was formed in 1863, and this

S S
association focused on soccer, which emphasized only the kicking of the ball.
- -----------------------------------------------.---------------------- )
S
For many years the game was called "association football," and then the

5 s
word "association" was abbreviated as "soccer," which is still the name of

the sport in North America.

CHAPTER 6 Sports / Combination Sentences 75

 Exercise 2 Add commas and semicolons, where necessary. The first sentence is done for you.

The Spread of Soccer

After the game became popular in Europe, soccer spread to most

countries in the world, where it is still known as "football." Soccer is played

today in more than 140 countries however soccer is not the most popular

sport in North America because North Americans became more interested in

football which developed from rugby. Even though traditional sports such as

basebaii, football, and basketball dominate professional -sports soccer is

becoming more popular in the U.S. and millions of young people play on

soccer teams throughout the country. Soccer has been more popular in

Canada than in the U.S. but Canadian football, ice hockey, basketball, and

baseball are bigger professional sports in Canada.

Exercise 3 On another piece of paper, combine each group of sentences into one combination
-- sentence.

The Olympics

1. There are no written records of Olympic-style games until 776 B.C.

Historians believe the Olympic games were started much earlier.

These games were a big part of ancient Greek culture.

2. The games were held every four years in Olympia.

The games were played to honor Zeus,

Zeus was a Greek god.

3. Women were not allowed to watch the Olympic games.

Women were not allowed to participate in the Olympic games.

Women held their own games.

These games were called "Herea."

4. The ancient Olympic games were most popular around the fifth
century B.C.

The.ancient Olympic games were stopped in the late 300s A.D.

The Romans conquered Greece.

,£ partÆB writing focus

 5. The modem Olympic games were first held in Athens in 1896.
The modern Olympic games were not very successful.

They were not well organized.

Not many countries were represented.

6. The first successful modern Olympic games were in London in 1908.

The Olympic games have been growing since then.

The Olympic games now include women and winter sports.

Writing Practice (Optional)

Write Ten Perfect Combination Sentences. You may want to write about sports or
about another topic your teacher suggests. (See pages 30-32 for instructions and
examples.)

1. Which sport or sports do you enjoy most? Why?

(Reasons)

2. Discuss the benefits of participating in a team sport.

(Effect)

3. Many professional athletes such as basketball, baseball, football, and hockey

players have become stars who receive great attention and wealth in North
America. Is this good or bad? Why?
(Reasons)

CHAPTER 6 Sports / Combination Sentences 77

 Key to Chapter 6 â Combination Sentences

Exercise i
5^ s (hv) v V
Soccer, which is known throughout most of the world as "football," is

sv
the most popular sport in the world;(in addition,) it is a very old sport. The

5 s (hv) v V SV
first soccer games that were written about took place in England; they were

part of a festival to celebrate the victory of England over Rome in the year

SV V
A.D. 217. The sport developed and remained popular in England as football;

S' S sv
however,jthe beginning of another form of football, which became known as

V-^ s (hv) v
rugby, caused confusion in the 1800s. Because the two games were getting

Ja 5 (hv) V
S
a
mixed up, the London Football Association was formed in 1863,(and)this

SV sv
association focused on soccer, which emphasized only the kicking of the ball.

S (hv) V
For many years the game was called "association football,"(and)then the

5 (hv) V sv
word "association" was abbreviated as "soccer," which is still the name of

the sport in North America.

CHAPTER 6 Sports / Combination Sentences 79

Answer Key to Chapter 6 Combination Sentences

(Concluded)

Exercise 2 After the game became popular in Europe, soccer spread to most
countries in the world, where it is still known as "football." Soccer is played
today in more than 140 countries; however, soccer is not the most popular
sport in North America because North Americans became more interested in
football which developed from rugby. Even though traditional sports such as
baseball, football, and basketball dominate professional sports, soccer is
becoming more popular in the U.S., and millions of young people play on
soccer teams throughout the country. Soccer has been more popular in
Canada than in the U.S., but Canadian football, ice hockey, basketball, and
baseball are bigger professional sports in Canada.

Exercise 3 Suggested answer:

There are no written records of Olympic-styles games until 776 B.C., but
(; however,) historians believe the Olympic games, which were a big part of
ancient Greek culture, were started much earlier. The games were held every
four years in Olympia and were played to honor Zeus, who was a Greek god.
Because women were not allowed to watch or participate in the Olympic
games, they held their own games, which were called "Herea." The ancient
Olympic games were most popular around the 5th century B.C., but they
were stopped in the late 300s A.D. when the Romans conquered Greece. The
modern Olympic games were first held in Athens in 1896, but they were not
very successful or well organized; in addition (, and) not many countries were
represented. The first successful modern Olympic games were in London in
1908, and the Olympic games, which now include women and winter sports,
have been growing since then.

Note: There could be more than one way to combine these sentences. Here are a few other possible
sentences:
Although there are no written records of Olympic-style games until 776 B.C., historians ...
Women were not allowed to watch or participate in the Olympic games, so (; therefore) they...
The modern Olympic games that were first held in Athens in 1896 were not very successful...

partM WRITING FOCUS