BIHAR COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FORMAT FOR STUDENT PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR THE 2nd

SERIES OF STUDENT PROJECT PROGRAMME
(Hand written proposals will not be accepted, please fill all the details in this MS word file as per the following format and
mail scan copy of completely filled project proposal along with filled up the Google Forms to spp.bcst@gmail.com)

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf_ymP67nP1N8Iy9CkWbL8g2qbPjO_JcLJdFwTyirVfUewgrQ/viewform?usp=sf
_link

1. Name of the College: BHAGALPUR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2. Project Title : Simulation and Fabrication of Vivaldi Antenna for breast cancer detection
using Microwave Imaging System

3. Branch : Electronics and Communication Engineering

4. Degree/ Diploma(Engg) : Bachelor of Technology

5. Name(s) of project guide(s) :

1.) Name: Prof. / Dr. / Mr. / Mrs. : Prof.

Abhinav Kumar
Contact No. : +917003389681
Email id : abhinavbceece@gmail.com

2.) Name: Prof. / Dr. / Mr. / Mrs. : Dr.

Parimal Sah
Contact No. : +917358209468
Email id : parimalsah04@gmail.com
6. Name of Team Members (Strictly not more than four students in a batch):
(Please paste the latest passport size photograph adjacent to your respective names)

Name: Aayush Kumar

AKU/SBTE Reg. No.: 17104108018
Email id : aayushkumarmunger@gmail.com
Mobile no.:
7979845598
/9572709951
Name: Chandni kumari
AKU/SBTE Reg. No.: 17104108021
Email id : chandnikumari1403@gmail.com
Mobile No.:7808028893

Name: Khushboo Kumari

AKU/SBTE Reg. No.:17104108001
Email id : khushbooraj2331@gmail.com
Mobile no.: 8340344519

Name: Sweta kumari

AKU/SBTE Reg. No.: 18104108903
Email id :swetakr702@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 7979061627
 7. Team Leader of the Project :
Name: AAYUSH KUMAR
AKU/SBTE Reg. No.: 17104108018
Email id: aayushkumarmunger@gmail.com
Mobile no.:7979845598
8. Date of commencement of the Project: 10/01/2021

9. Probable date of completion of the project: 10/07/2021

10. Scope / Objectives of the project(100Words):

In this project, An UWB Antipodal Vivaldi antenna
for microwave imaging systems aimed for an early breast cancer detection is
developed.
The main aim of this design is to identify the difference in dielectric properties between
healthy breast tissue and tumorous tissues. Low resonance frequencies(3-11Ghz) are
necessary for better penetration and high-resolution imaging in the deeper portion of the
breast. The prerequisite for microwave imaging is that the antenna sensor must have high
gain, a directive radiation pattern, wider bandwidth and lower resonance frequency. The
most promising candidate for all this is the Vivaldi antenna sensor for its higher
gain,narrow beam width and highly directive radiation due to its high peak value
for pulse coverage.

(Antennas array for systems for Breast cancer detection)

11.
Literature Survey (At least two/ Within Five Years) :

❏ work done previously :

❖ Lewis [1] experimented a tapered slot antenna in 1974. In 1979 Gibson introduced
a new type of TSA i.e. Vivaldi Antenna. It shows significant gain and linear
polarization in a frequency range 2-18 GHz. Vivaldi antenna is fed by an
asymmetric microstrip constructed on alumina using microwave photolithographic
thin film techniques.

❖ Yngvesson [2] compared three different TSAs, linearly tapered slot antenna
(LTSA), constant width slot antenna (CWSA) and Gibson’s exponentially tapered
slot antenna, Vivaldi antenna. Yngvesson found that Vivaldi antenna had the
smallest side lobe levels followed by CWSA and LTSA whereas it had the widest
beamwidth and CWSA had the narrowest one. He also investigated the effect of
dielectric substrate thickness and the length of Vivaldi antenna on the beamwidth.

❖ E. Gazit [3] proposed two important changes to the traditional Vivaldi design. He
used a low dielectric substrate (cuclad, _=2.45) instead of alumina and an antipodal
slotline transition. The antipodal slotline transition was constructed by tapering the
microstrip line through parallel strip to an asymmetric double sided slot line. This
type of transition offered relatively wider bandwidth which was restricted by the
microstrip to slotline transition of the traditional design. However, antipodal slotline
transition had the problem of high cross polarization.

References

➢ [1] L. R. Lewis, M. Fasset, and J. Hunt. “A broadband stripline array,”

IEEE A P-S Synip., June 1974.
➢ [2] K. S. Yngvesson., T. L. Korzienowski, Y. S. Kim, E. L. Kollberg, J. F.
Johansson, "End fire Tapered Slot Antenna on Dielectric Substrates,"
IEEE Trans. Antennas & Prop., Vol. AP-33, No. 12, December 1985, pp.
1392- 1400
➢ [3]] E. Gazit, “Improved design of a Vivaldi antenna,” IEEE Proc. H, April
1988, pp. 89-92.

Patent Survey (Optional):- NO

12. Methodology (500 Words) :

The steps to design a Tapered slot antipodal vivaldi antenna and to characterize
the outputs are as follows:

(i) Simulation of different Narrow Beam Patterns using HFSS

(ii) Parametric studies on the proposed structures.
(iii) Fabrication of the structure.
(iv) Testing of results.

MICROWAVE IMAGING SYSTEM

METHODOLOGY
The microwave imaging technology is based on the diferent dielectric properties
of the tumor and the surrounding healthy tissues. When Microwave frequency is
incidented on breast phantom, there is reflection as the dielectric properties of
tumor and surrounding healthy tissues is different, which is the principle to apply
to the practical system for detecting cancerous cells. The antipodal vivaldi
antenna array will be used to send microwave pulses to the suspected area of
human breast tissue. The signals are reflected through backscattering picked up
by the array and then analyzed using a suitable computing system to detect if
there is a tumor present.Here antipodal vivaldi antenna is chosen because of its
narrow beamwidth, as if beamwidth is wider then there will be lots of unwanted
reflection from around the breast center. In order to obtain high resolution and
accurate images, the compact antennas must be able to radiate signals over a
broad range of frequencies while maintaining the fidelity of the waveform over a
wide angular range in such microwave imaging systems using the UWB..
 Antipodal vivaldi antenna Developed heterogeneous breast phantom
(a) without tumor (b) with two tumors

The diagram and diferent components of the proposed breast imaging system

Te graphic view of the proposed portable breast imaging system

 Note: In case of fabrication work in the project, an engineering drawing with dimensions / detailed
design should be attached to the proposal.

13. Expected Outcome of the project (200Words) :

The study shows the key features that affect the VSWR, Directionality, Beamwidth
and
Side Lobes pattern. The overall performance is optimized by judiciously evaluating
the equivalent circuit diagram, parametric and impedance equations. The design is
first simulated at X band frequency on HFSS software, after that the précised design
will fabricated on PCB using FR4 substrate fabricated design will be tested on VNA.
The simulation and experimental

The proposed antenna is designed to operate in a frequency range of 2.4–13 GHz (more than 13
GHz) for return loss less than −10 dB. The peak gain of the antenna is 9.5 dBi and the radiation
pattern is stable over the entire operating band.

Outcomes is expected for VSWR to be -24.5dB at a frequency of 7.56 GH. This

design is expected to give results only at the central frequency with VSWR less than
2
and s11 less than -10 dB..

14. Is the project proposed relevant to the Industry or Institution? : Yes / No :

YES
If Yes, Please provide details of the Industry / institution and contact details :
(Note: Preference will be given to those projects relevant to the industry / institution. Hence be specific
in giving detailed information). Is the industry extending support - technology / funds / use the final
product, please specify.
15. Can the product or process developed in the project be taken up for filing a Patent?
Yes / No : NO
Prior Art search done?
Yes/No : NO
Note: If Yes, you may contact Patent Information Centre of BCST for more details Email :
pd@bcst.org.in

16. Budget details (break-up details should be given) :

BUDGET AMOUNT

a) Materials / Consumables 6000.00

b) Labor 1000.00

c) Travel 2000.00

d) Report 1000.00

e) Miscellaneous 2000.00

TOTAL 12000.00/-
17. Any other technical details (Please specify) : No

18. SPP Coordinator (Identified by the college) :

Note: To be identified by the Principal of the institution. The project proposals must be submitted to BCST
through SPP coordinator designated by the Principal.

Name : Prof. Govind kumar Jha

Email id : gvnd.jha@gmail.com
Contact No. :8210819646

(Name &Signature of Project Guide with Seal) (Name &Signature of HOD with Seal)
Email id: Email id:
Contact No.: Contact No.:
 DECLARATION
(From Project Students)

We, the project team hereby declare that the details enclosed in the project proposal are
true and correct to the best of our knowledge and belief and we undertake to inform BCST
of any changes therein in the project tile, students name will be intimated immediately. In
case any of the above information is found to be false or untrue or misleading, we are aware
that we may be held liable for it. We hereby authorize sharing of the project information with
this project proposal with the Bihar State Council on Science and Technology, Patna.

We are aware that the project team has to exhibit / demonstrate their project in the nodal
centre and interact regarding project with the experts and to exhibit the project in the State
Level Seminar and Exhibition (if selected). If the student team fails to attend the evaluation
in nodal centre or fails to attend the State Level Seminar and Exhibition, the supported
project amount will be returned back to BCST.

We also hereby, enclose the endorsement form to BCST, Patna.

Name of the students Signature with date

1. Aayush Kumar

2. Chandni kumari

3. Sweta kumari

4. Khushboo kumari
 ENDORSEMENT
(From College, endorsement to be taken in the institution / Department Letter head)

This is to certify that 1) MR. AAYUSH KUMAR, 2) MS. KHUSHBOO KUMARI,

3) MS. SWETA KUMARI, 4) MS. CHANDNI KUMARI , are bonafide
student(s) of Department of .ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING in
the degree program of our institution. If the project proposal submitted by these students
under the 1st series of Student Project Programme is selected by BCST, we will provide the
requisite laboratory / Computer / infrastructure support in our college / Institution. Further we
also take necessary steps to see that the project team will exhibit / demonstrate their project
in the nodal centre and in the State Level Seminar and Exhibition (if selected). If the student
team fails to send the completed project report or fails to attend the evaluation in nodal centre
or fails to attend the State Level Seminar and Exhibition, the supported project amount will
be returned back to BCST.

(Name & Signature of Project (Signature of HOD with Seal) (Signature of the Principal with
Guide with Seal) Seal)

Email id: Email id: Email id:

Contact No.: Contact No.: Contact No.: