Module 34

Installation of skewers

Sewer shall be run in practical alignment at a uniform slope of not less than 2% or 21 mm/m
toward the point of disposal to an approved private sewage disposal system.

Exception: when impractical due to depth of street sewer, structural features or to adverse arrangement
of buildings, t obtain a slope of 2%, sewers 102 mm and 152 mm in dia may have a slope of not less than
1% ( mm/m) and those 203 mm dia and larger may have a slope of not less than 0.5% (5.3 mm/m)

No building sewer shall be installed less then 0.6 M from the outer face of any building foundation, nor
less than 0.3 m below the finish surface of the ground.

Location of building sewer in relation to other services is shown below.

0.60 m from any building or structure

15.2 m from water supply wells

15.2 m from streams

0.30 m from domestic supply pipes

0.30 m from public water main

Building sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not approved for use within a building
shall not be laid in the same trench as water pipes unless:

 The bottom of the water pipe is 0.3 m above the top of the sewer pipe (NPC 1208.1.1)
 The water pipe is placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common trench with a
minimum horizontal distance of at least 0.3 m from the sewer or drain pipe. (NPC 1208.1.2)

Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not approved for use
within a building shall be laid a minimum of 0.3 m clear above the sewer or drain pipe. Water pipe
joint shall be installed not less than 3 meters away from sewer line in both directions.

Cespools & Seepage Pits

Cespools: a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a
sanitary drainage system, designed to retain the organic matter but permitting the liquid to seep
through the pit bottom and sides

Seepage Pits: Circular in shape with excavated diameter of not less than 2.2 m and to be lines
with clay or concrete brick (termination of septic tanks).
 Capacity – based on the quantity of liquid waste and on the character and porosity of the
surrounding soil.

Strength – Brick lining shall have a minimum compressive strength of 17225 Pa.

Multiple Seepage Pits – served through a distribution box or shall be connected in series by means
of a watertight connection. The outlet shall have a vented leg fitting extending 304.8 mm below the
inlet fitting.

Privies

Outside privy – oldest form of disposal of organic waste. Consists of a vault constricted of
concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a wooden shelter.

Latrine – primitive water closets

General guidelines for private sewage disposal systems

Some Features of an STP

- An aeration system within the tank;

- A submersible mixer to mix the waste;
- A decanter;
- Blowers
- A fully electronic control system, etc.