PRONOUNS

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns.

Every pronoun must have a clear antecedent (the word for which the pronoun stands).

KINDS OF PRONOUNS
                         
A.   Personal Pronouns:  
             
             
SINGULAR PLURAL
subjective objective possessive subjectiv objective Possessive
e
1st person I me my, mine we us our, ours
2nd person you you your, yours you you your, yours
3rd person he him his they them their, theirs
she her her,  hers  
it it its
                 
            
Personal pronouns have the following characteristics:
           
1.  three persons (points of view)

       1st person - the one(s) speaking  (I  me my  mine  we  us our ours) 
       2nd person - the one(s) spoken to  (you your yours)
       3rd person - the one(s) spoken about  (he  him  his  she her hers  it  its  they  their 
theirs) 

          Examples
          

2.  three genders

       feminine  (she  her  hers)

       masculine (he  him  his)
       neuter  (it its  they them their theirs) 

          Examples
          
 

3.  two numbers

       singular (I  me  my  mine  you  your  yours  he  him  his  she  her  hers it its)
       plural  (we  us  our  ours  you  your yours  they  them  their  theirs) 

          Examples

          

 
4.  three cases
      subjective (I  you  he  she  it  we  they)
      possessive  (my  mine  your  yours  his  her  hers  our  ours  their  theirs)
      objective   (me  you  him  her  it  us  them)

           Examples - subjective case

  
           Examples - possessive case

              

           Examples - objective case

        

   NOTE:  Because of pronoun case, the pronoun's form changes with its function in the
sentence.  Follow this link to pronoun case for more information.

 
B.      Demonstrative Pronouns:
                             

                   
Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as determiners.
                  
Example:
             
Hand me that hammer. (that describes the noun hammer)
                           
Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers:
           
Example:
         
She wanted that much money? (that describes the adjective much)

 
                      
                    
c. Indefinite Pronouns:
                            
Singular:
 
One someone anyone no one everyone
Each somebody anybody nobody everybody
(n)either something anything nothing everything
                  
                     
Examples:
                             
Somebody is coming to dinner.
Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

Plural:     

Examples:

Both are expected at the airport at the same time.

Several have suggested canceling the meeting.

Singular with non-countables / Plural with countables:

Examples:

Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug.

Some of the trees have been weakened by the storm.
Indefinite pronouns use apostrophes to indicate possessive case.

Examples:

The accident is nobody’s fault.

How will the roadwork affect one's daily commute?

Some indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.

one, each, either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, most

Note the differences:

Each person has a chance.

(Each is a determiner describing person.)

Each has a chance.

(Each is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

Both lawyers pled their cases well.

(Both is a determiner describing  lawyers.)

Both were in the room.

(Both is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

E. Interrogative Pronouns:

Interrogative pronouns produce information questions that require more than a “yes” or
“no” answer.

Examples:

What do you want?

Who is there?
 What Is the Objective Case? (with Examples)
The objective case is used for nouns and pronouns which function as objects. There are three
types of object: a direct object, an indirect object, and anobject of a preposition.

In English, the objective case only affects personal pronouns (e.g., I, he, she,we, they). For

example, he becomes him, and they becomes them.

Examples of the Objective Case (Direct Object)

The direct object of a verb is the thing being acted upon by the verb. In other words, the direct
object is the receiver of the action. The direct object can be found by locating the verb and
asking "what?" or "whom?". For example:

 Please send him immediately.
(Q: send what or whom? A: him)
(In this example, the pronoun him is in the objective case. It has changed its form
from he to him. He is the subjective case version.)

 Please send this letter immediately.

(Q: send what? A: this letter)
(In this example, the noun phrase this letter is in the objective case. However, it does not
change. Remember, only some personal pronouns change their forms in the objective case
in English.)

Read more about direct objects.

Examples of the Objective Case (Indirect Object)

The indirect object is the recipient of the direct object. The indirect object can be found by
locating the direct object (see above) and then asking who or what received it. In the examples
below, the indirect objects are shaded, and the direct objects are in bold.

 Please send me the letter immediately.

(Q: send what? A: the letter)
(Q: Who (or what) received the letter? A: me)

 Friends should always tell you the truth. But, please don’t.

(Q: tell what? A: the truth)
(Q: Who (or what) received it? A: you)
(Not all personal pronouns change their forms in the objective case. In this example, you is
in the objective case, which is the same spelling as the subjective case version.)

Read more about indirect objects.

 Examples of the Objective Case (Object of a
Preposition)
The noun or pronoun after a preposition is known as the object of a preposition. In the examples
below, the prepositions are in bold.

 She sits with me.
 We will sail alongside her.
 You can tell a lot about a fellow's character by his way of eating jellybeans. (Ronald
Reagan, 1911-2004)
(Here, the objects of the prepositions are noun clauses. An object can be a single word, a
pronoun, a noun phrase, or a noun clause.)

Read more about objects of prepositions.

The Objective Case

Objects (i.e., direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions) are always in the
objective case. In English, this only affects pronouns (but not all pronouns). Here is a list of
subjective pronouns and objective pronouns:

Subjective Objective Pronoun Comment

Pronoun

I me  

You you No change

He him  

She her  

It it No change

We us  

They them  

Who whom More on who & whom

Whoever whomever  
Ang Heograpiya ay tumukoy sa pag-aaral n gating mundo
at mga katangian nito.
Sa simula pa lamang ng kasaysayan, tinangka na ng tao
na kontrolin ang kaniyang kapaligiran upang masiguro
niya ang kaniyang patuloy na pag-iral. Bahagi rin ang
heograpiya sa mahalagang kaganapan sa kasaysayan.
Lubusang mauunawaan ang ginagampanan ng
heograpiya sa kasaysayan sa pamamagitan ng limang
tema ukol sa pag-aaral nito.

Limang Tema ng Heograpiya

Lokasyon
Tinukoy ng lokasyon ang eksaktong kinalalagyan ng isang
lugar sa mundo. Sa heograpiya, maibibigay ang
eksaktong lokasyon sa pamamagitan ng dalawang
paraan.
 Gamit ang absolutong lokasyon, maibibigay ang
kinalalagyan ng isang lugar o bansa sa pamamagitan
ng linya ng longhitud at latitud sa globo o mapa.
Matutukoy ang lokasyon ng isang bansa gamit ang,
degree, minute, at second.
  Sa relatibong lokasyon, maibibigay ang kinalalagyan
ng isang lugar o bansa gamit ang mga bansa, o
anyon tubig na nakapaligid dito.
Lugar
Sa heograpiya, tinutukoy ang katangian ng lugar ayon
sa pisikal at panlipunang aspekto.
 Tinutukoy ng pisikal na aspekto ang anyong-lupa at
tubig, klima, at likas yaman ng isang lugar o bansa.

 Tinutukoy naman ng panlipunang aspekto ang

katangian ng mamamayan ng isang bansa tulad ng
populasyon, wika, relihiyon, kultura, at sistemang
pampolitika.

Rehiyon
Sa heograpiya, tinutukoy ang isang pook o bansa na may
pagkakatulad na katangian sa iba pang malapit na pook o
bansa. Ang katangian ay mahahati sa dalawa:
 Pisikal na pagkakatulad, tulad ng klim, anyong-lupa, o
anyong-tubig.
  Kultural na pagkakatulad ng wika at relihiyo.

Interaksiyon ng tao at kapaligiran

Paggalaw

- Hilaga
- Kanluran
- Silangan
- Timog

- Hilagang Kanluran/Silangan

- Timog Kanluran/Silangan
 Mga karatig Bansa
Hilaga= Taiwan
Kanluran= Vietnam
Silangan= Guam, Palau, Northern Mariana Islands
Timog= Indonesia

Mga Karatig Anyong tubig

Hilaga= Bashi Channel
Kanluran= Dagat Kanlurang Pilipinas
Silangan= Dagat Silangang Pilipinas
Timog= Dagat Celebes

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda

Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar
Jose Apolonio Burgos
Jacinto Zamora
Mariano Gomez

UNCLOS
United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone

Agosto 30 1850 kaarawan Ni Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Binuksan ang Daungan Ng Iloilo noong 1855 at Cebu noong 1860
Noong 1834 Binuksan ang Maynila Sa Malayang pandaigdigang
kalakalan.

Garote

ESP
Ugliest Woman In the world
Lizzie Velasquez was labeled as ‘the ugliest woman in the world’.
She was also known for her rare medical condition in which was
similar to Progeria.