Assignment # 1

Submitted by: F2019266364

Totalitarianism ;
Totalitarianism, form of government that theoretically permits no
individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual
life to the authority of the state. Totalitarianism is characterized by
strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of
individual life through coercion and repression.
Under totalitarian rule, traditional social institutions and organizations
are discouraged and suppressed. Thus, the social fabric is weakened and
people become more amenable to absorption into a single, unified
movement.
Modern examples of totalitarian states include the Soviet Union under
Joseph Stalin, Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, the People’s Republic
of China under Mao Zedong, and North Korea under the Kim dynasty.

Communism;
 Communism is an economic ideology that advocates for a classless
society in which all property and wealth is communally-owned, instead
of by individuals.

 The communist ideology was developed by Karl Marx and is the

opposite of a capitalist one, which relies on democracy and production
of capital to form a society.
 Prominent examples of communism were Soviet Union and China.
While the former collapsed in 1991, the latter has drastically revised its
economic system to include elements of capitalism

Socialism;
Socialism, defined as a centrally planned economy in which the
government controls all means of production—was the tragic failure of
the twentieth century. Born of a commitment to remedy the economic
and moral defects of capitalism, it has far surpassed capitalism in both
economic malfunction and moral cruelty. It is often thought that the
idea of socialism derives from the work of Karl Marx. In fact, Marx
wrote only a few pages about socialism, as either a moral or a practical
blueprint for society. The true architect of a socialist order was Lenin,
who first faced the practical difficulties of organizing an economic
system without the driving incentives of profit seeking or the self-
generating constraints of competition. Whether socialism in some form
will eventually return as a major organizing force in human affairs is
unknown, but no one can accurately appraise its prospects who has not
taken into account the dramatic story of its rise and fall.

Fascism;

Fascism is a complex ideology. There are many definitions of fascism;

some people describe it as a type or set of political actions, a political
philosophy or a mass movement. Most definitions agree that fascism is
authoritarian and promotes nationalism at all costs, but its basic
characteristics are a matter of debate. Fascism is commonly associated
with German Nazi and Italian regimes that came to power after World
War I, though several other countries have experienced fascist regimes
or elements of them. Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy,
Francisco Franco in Spain were well-known fascist leaders of the 20th
century. Fascism requires some basic allegiances, such as to the nation,
to national grandeur, and to a master race or group. The core principle
—what Paxton defined as fascism's only definition of morality — is to
make the nation stronger, more powerful, larger and more successful.
Since fascists see national strength as the only thing that makes a
nation "good," fascists will use any means necessary to achieve that
goal.

Stalinism;

Stalinism is used to describe the period during which Stalin was leader
of the Soviet Union while serving as General Secretary of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party from 1922 to his death on 5 March
1953. Building on Lenin's work, Stalin expanded the centralized
bureaucratic system of the Soviet Union during the 1930s. A series of
two five-year plans led to a massive expansion of the Soviet economy.
Large increases were seen in many sectors, especially coal and iron
production. Society was brought from a position decade behind the
West to one of near economic and scientific equality within thirty years.
Some economic historians now believe it to be the fastest economic
growth ever achieved.