Metallic Solids Example: Al (s)

Metallic bonds are formed because valence _____________ are mobile.

Metals have ionic/covalent/metallic bonds between the particles.
______________ electrons in the metals are not confined to each
atom but are shared by all. Therefore, the _______________ ions
(cations) are said to be immersed in a “moving sea” of _______________.

The physical properties of metals are as follows:

1) Because there are free moving __________________________ present, they are good/bad conductors.
2) Because the positive ions can slide over one another, metals are/are not malleable and ductile.
3) They have low/high solubility in water.
4) Since metallic bonds are also strong, they are soft/hard and the atoms have low/high melting and
boiling points.
5) Examine the picture above. Metallic bonds are/are not found in compounds.

Place the 4 types of bonds (ionic, polar covalent, pure covalent, metallic) in order of increasing strength.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Place the four types of bond in order of increasing melting/boiling points. Explain your reasoning.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Refer to the two diagrams below and explain why metals are malleable and ionic solids are not.

Metals are malleable because the free flowing __________________ act as a lubricant and allow the
__________________ to __________________ over each other.
However, in ionic solids, the __________________ and __________________ are held in
__________________ positions. When a force is applied to the crystal (examine the bottom right diagram),
__________________ charges line up. When similar ions are close to each other, they attract/repel (circle
one) one another, causing the crystal to_____________________.

14
Why Atoms Bond Name _________________
Directions:
a. Go to www.wwnorton.com/web/chem1e/. Click on the picture.
b. Choose chapter 8 - Chemical Bonding and Atmospheric Molecules.
c. Scroll down to Chapter 8 Tours and choose Bonding.
d. Answer the following questions as you go through the tutorial.

1. How are chemical bonds formed? ___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Where are valence electrons located? _________________________________________________

3. What are the two different kinds of bonds that atoms form? ___________________ and
___________________

4. How are ionic bonds formed? ______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

5. An atom can ___________________ an electron to become positively charged. This is called a

__________________.

6. An atom can gain an electron to become ___________________ charged. This is called an

___________________.

7. When an atom of sodium bonds with fluorine, ___________________ electron is transferred from the
___________________ atom to the ___________________ atom.

8. What happens to the size and charge of the two atoms in the bond after this electron transfer occurs?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

9. When atoms form an ionic bond, each atom in the bond achieves a ___________________
___________________ ___________________ with its ___________________ electrons.

10. The attraction between the ___________________ and ___________________ forms an

___________________ ___________________.

11. An ionic bond is typically formed between a ___________________ and a ___________________.

12. In general, metallic elements ___________________ electrons to become isoelectronic to the

___________________ ___________________ ___________________. Nonmetallic elements
___________________ electrons to become isoelectronic to the ___________________
___________________ ___________________.

15