GENERAL

Engine Designation
TAD1242GE

Turbocharged Emission controlled

Type of intercooling Generator drive
A = Air-to-air Version
Engine Power Standards W = Water-to-air Generation
Engine power ratings are based on Diesel fuel Displacement indication (liter)
operations at ISO 3046 power
standards. The standard is identical Power Standards
to BS 5514, DIN 6271 and in Engine performance corresponds to ISO 3046, BS 5514, DIN 6271.
general, SAE J 1349. Engine The technical data applies to an engine without cooling fan and operating
performance data has been adjusted on a fuel with a calorific value of 42.7 MJ/kg (18360 BTU/lb) and a density
to the standard reference condition. of 0.84 kg/liter (7.01 lb/US gal) as well as where this also involves a
deviation from the standards.
Engine Power Ratings Power output is guaranteed within 0 to +2% at rated ambient conditions
on delivery. Engine speed governing in accordance with ISO 3046/IV,
Gen set engines have different power
class A1 and ISO8528 G2 (G3 with electronic speed governor)
ratings depending on the type of
service in which the engine will be
Reference conditions:
employed. The aim being to limit the
Total barometric pressure: 100 kPa
maximum power output in order to
Air temperature: 25°C
achieve the required service life of the
Relative humidity: 30%
engine.
Fuel temperature 40°C
Ratings are based on ISO 8528.

Rating Guidelines
Prime Power: ratings corresponding
to ISO Standard Power for
continuous operation. This relates to
the supplying of electrical power at
variable load with 70% load factor for
an unlimited number of hours as
opposed to commercially purchased
power. A 10% overload capability is
available with this rating.
Continuous Standby Power: ratings
corresponding to ISO Power. This
relates to the supplying of standby
electrical power at variable loads with
70% load factor for an unlimited
number of hours in the event of
normal utility power failure. A 10%
overload capability is available with
this rating.

Maximum Standby Power: ratings = Prime Power (with 10% overload

corresponding to ISO Fuel Stop available)
Power. This relates to the supplying = 110% of Prime Power (Fuel Stop
of standby electrical power at variable Power)
load in areas with well established = Maximum Standby Power with no
electrical networks, in the event of overload (Fuel Stop Power)
normal utility power failure. No = Continuous Standby Power
overload capability is available with (with 10% overload available)
this rating.

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 7

Calculation factors

Engine calculation formulas: P: Power (kW)

T: Torque (Nm)
To find: Calculate V: Displacement (liter)
2πxTxN Tp: Peak torque
Power (kW ) Tr: Torque at rated speed
1000
P N: Engine speed
Torque x 1000 (Nm) No: No load high idle speed
2πxN
Nr: Full load rated speed
2P
Mean effective pressure (PME) (MPa ) Hs: Thermal (Calorific) value
VxN
(kW/kg)
Tp − Tr SFC: Specific fuel consumption
Torque rise x 100 (%)
Tr (g/kWh)
No − Nr
Speed droop x 100 (%)
Nr
100000
.
Hs 8432 *
Thermal efficiency x 100 = (%)
SFC SFC

* with calorific value=42.7 Mj/kg=11.86 kW/kg

Electrical formulas: kWm: Mechanical power

Three phase alternating current kWe: Electrical power
PF: Power factor
To find: Calculate EFF: Generator efficiency
kWe kWm x EFF I: Current (A)
U x I x 173
. x PF U: Voltage (V)
kWe = kVA x PF kVA: Real power
1000
U x I x 173
. kWe kVAR: Reactive power
kVA = Amp: Line current
1000 PF
Rpm: Revolutions per minute
. x 1 − (PF )2
U x I x 173
kVAR
1000
kWe x 1000
Amps
U x 173
. x PF
kVA x 1000
Amps
U x 173
.
Rpm x Poles
Frequency
2 x 60
2 x 60 x Frequency
Rpm
Poles

8 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Conversion factors

Metric to U.S. or IMP. conversion factors: U.S. or IMP. to metric conversion factors:

mm inch 0.03937 inch mm 25.40

cm inch 0.3937 inch cm 2.540
m foot 3.2808 foot m 0.3048
mm2 sq.in. 0.00155 sq. In. mm2 645.2
m2 sq. ft. 10.76 sq. ft. m2 0.093
cm3 cu. in. 0.06102 cu. in. cm3 16.388
liter, dm3 cu. ft. 0.03531 cu. ft. liter, dm3 28.320
liter, dm3 cu. in. 61.023 cu. in. liter, dm3 0.01639
liter, dm3 imp. gallon 0.220 imp. gallon liter, dm3 4.545
liter, dm3 U.S. gallon 0.2642 U.S. gallon liter, dm3 3.785
m3 cu. ft. 35.315 cu.ft. m3 0.0283
N lbf 0.2248 lbf N 4.448
kg lb. 2.205 lb. kg 0.454
kW hp (metric) 1.36 hp (metric) kW 0.735
kW bhp 1.341 bhp kW 0.7457
kW BTU/min 56.87 BTU/min kW 0.0176
Nm lbf ft 0.738 lbf ft Nm 1.356
MPa psi 145.038 psi MPa 0.0069
Pa mm H20 0.102 mm H20 Pa 9.807
Pa in H20 0.004 in H20 Pa 249.098
kPa in H20 4.0 in H20 kPa 0.24908
mH20 in H20 39.37 in H20 mH20 0.0254
kJ/kWh BTU/hph 0.697 BTU/hph kJ/kWh 1.435
kJ/kg BTU/lb 0.430 BTU/lb kJ/kg 2.326
MJ/kg BTU/lb 430 BTU/lb MJ/kg 0.00233
kJ/kg kcal/kg 0.239 kcal/kg kJ/kg 4.184
g/kWh g/hph 0.7355 g/hph g/kWh 1.36
g/kWh lb/hph 0.00162 lb/hph g/kWh 616.78
kgm2 lbft2 23.734 lbft2 kgm2 0.042
l/s cu.ft./min. 2.1189 cu.ft./min. l/s 0.47194
m/s ft.per/min. 196.85 ft.per min. m/s 0.00508
ºF=9/5xºC+32 °C=5/9x(°F–32)

Prefix
kilo – x1000 k
mega – x1,000,000 M
milli – ÷1000 m
micro – ÷1,000,000 µ

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 9

Load acceptance
characteristics
Gen set engines must have a
sufficient capacity to be able to
recover frequency after an abrupt
load application. The frequency dip
response primarily depends on the
turbine inertia of the turbocharger
and on the fuel system. The
terminology used to define load
acceptance characteristics can be
seen in the diagram.

Volvo Penta load acceptance data

has been collated using generators
equipped with a relatively
unsophisticated automatic voltage
regulator (AVR). With modern AVR
technology such as that employed by
the Leroy Somer R 448 and Stamford
MX 341, it is possible to improve load
acceptance by reducing voltage at
low frequencies.

Another method of improving load

acceptance is to use the GAC Load
Anticipation Module, LAM 100, which
senses electrical load changes prior
to engine speed changes.

10 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

 General
Sound
Decibel dB
Sound is the oscillation of air
pressures transmitted at a speed of
340 metres per second. The number
of oscillations per unit of time, deter-
mines the frequency of the sound
(Hz).

The human ear is capable of

detecting sounds in a frequency
range of 20–20,000 Hz and a range
of pressure oscillations from 2x10-5 –
102 Pa. The lowest pressure is the
auditory threshold, whilst the highest
is known as the threshold of pain. By
using logaritmic scales an easily
manageable scale of unit values for
sound pressure can be obtained. This
unit is known as a decibel (dB).

dB(A) scale
Sound measurements weighted to
the human ear are refered to as the
“A” scale. Because it reflects the real
impact on the human ear, the dB(A)
scale is normally used to express
measured sound.

Sound and distance

The sound pressure will fall linearly
with distance from a source provided
Decibel added to higher of two

it is in (free) field conditions which do

sonuds to obtain total in dB

not account for surrounding

machines, floors and walls. Doubling
distance from source decreases
sound 6 dB, halving distance from
source increases sound by 6 dB.

Addition of sound levels

dB is logarithmic and can not be
added like a proper unit.

Adding e.g. 74 dB and 80 dB will

result in a total sound of 81 dB. Addition of equal sound

Adding e.g. 4x80 dB will result in a

total sound of 86 dB.

Noise
Noise is defined as unwanted sound.
Exposure to excessive noise can
Increase dB

cause permanent hearing damage.

Number of sources

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 11

Sound measurement The sound power level is measured with
Engine sound levels are measured in 10 microphones placed in a hemisphere
a semi-anechoic chamber, i.e., a room
with sound insulated walls and a Y
hard, sound-reflecting floor. Sound
levels are measured in accordance
with the ISO 3744-1981 international 3
4
standard, using 10 microphones 7
arranged in a hemispherical pattern at
a radius of 3 m. Exhaust, intake and
cooling fan noise are not recorded.
60° 60°
1 8 6
The sound levels are measured in X
decibels ( dB) through a frequency 10
range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. The
sound levels are measured with an 9
A-filter to simulate the response of
the human ear, measured as dBA. 5
2
Two different readings are used to
express sound levels: Microphone
Lw = sound power level is inde- Measurement Z
pendent of microphone surface 10
positions and acoustic
8 7 9
environment and used in all
Volvo Penta sound level data.

1,0r
Lp = sound pressure level varies 4 5 6

0,75r
0,15r
with microphone distance and

0,45r
Engine 2 3
acoustic environment. 1
X
To estimate Lp at 1 meter
microphone distance from the engine
outer surface with a known Lw:

Lp 1 m = Lw – 12 (dBA)

Lw and Lp are stated in each engine

technical data section.

Unsilenced exhaust sound

Noise is defined as unwanted sound.
Exposure to excessive noise can
cause permanent hearing damage.
The unsilenced exhaust sound is
calculated as sound pressure level
Lp. The calculation is based on an
assumed microphone position 90°
to the exhaust flow, at a distance
of 1 metre.
To estimate measured unsilenced
exhaust sound pressure level use
calculated value + 9 dB(A).

Calculated values are stated in each

engine technical data section.

12 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Lubricating oil
The base stock for lubricating oils is
mineral or synthetic oil. Additives then
give the oil the necessary characteristics.
The main functions of the oil are to:
— Lubricate moving components in the
engine.
— Transport heat away from bearings,
pistons and cylinder liners.
— Clean the lubrication system, pistons
and piston rings in the engine.
The performance of the lubricating oil
has a considerable influence on the
service life, fuel and oil consumption
of the engine. It is important to use the
correct grade of oils to achieve lowest
operating cost.
Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004
Engine lubrication oil properties and recommendations:
Viscosity
The oil should be able to flow through the pump at low temperatures, and
also have good lubrication ability at high temperatures. A single-grade oil
such as SAE40 is used in a hot or cold ambient temperature whereas a
multi-grade oil such as SAE15W/40 can be used in both hot and cold
ambient temperatures. At very low ambient temperatures, a synthetic or
semi-synthetic oil such as SAE 5W/40 should be used.
Detergents and dispersants
Additives are used in the lubricating oil for cleaning the oil system, pistons
and piston rings from carbon and sludge deposits.
Sulphur in fuel
The Total Base Number (TBN) specifies the ability of the oil to neutralise
acid combustion residue, such as sulphuric acid from the sulphur content
of the fuel. In markets with high sulphur levels in fuel, it is important that the TBN
number of the fuel is sufficient. If the sulphur content is 1%, the TBN number
should exceed 15.
Oil recommendations
Engine oils are tested by standardised methods agreed by the motor
industry and oil companies. Lubricating oils are divided into quality grades
determined thorough testing in engines for piston cleanliness, cylinder
bore polishing, piston ring wear, oil consumption, viscosity variations etc.
Oils which comply with the following classifications are recommended by
Volvo Penta. Failure to follow the recommendations can cause shortened
engine life:
API American Petroleum Institute
API (CD), CE, CF, CF-4, CG-4
CCMC Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors
CCMC has been superseded by ACEA.
CCMC D4, D5
ACEA Association des Constructeurs European d’Automobiles
(European Automobile Manufacturers Association)
ACEA E1, E2, E3
VDS Volvo Drain Specification
VDS, VDS-2, VDS-3
Oil drain interval
The oil drain intervals for specific engines can be found in the Technical Data, or
in the Operators Manual. Please note that the oil drain intervals depend on the
oil classification as well as the fuel sulphur content (see table below). Oil drain
intervals must not exceed 12 months.
Sulphur content Reduction of specified oil change interval
<0,5% none
0,5-1,0 % 50 %
>1,0 % 75 %
General - 13
Diesel fuel

When the fuel is cooled, wax can crystallise out and make the fuel so
Diesel fuel consists of about 87% viscous that it can not be pumped into the injection equipment. The “cloud
carbon and 13% hydrogen. Diesel point“ is the temperature when the wax crystals first occur, but the fuel is
fuel performs two major functions in
still usable. At 3 to 8°C lower temperature, the fuel reaches its “pour
the engine:
point“, solidifies, and can not be pumped.
— supplies the energy for the engine.
— cools and lubricates the precision
parts of the fuel pump and injectors.
In order to make diesel fuel usable in cold ambient conditions, the oil
companies mix it with paraffin (kerosene) etc. (this can have an adverse
The properties of the fuel have an
effect on density and cetane rating, see below). It is important to select a
important influence on engine
fuel with a margin to the pour point temperature at low ambient
performance, exhaust emissions, fuel
temperatures.
consumption and engine life. Always
use fuel of the correct grade for
lowest environmental impact and
Water in the fuel causes corrosion in the fuel system precision
lowest operating cost.
components. It is therefore important to drain water from the pre-filter and
fuel tank regularly .

The sulphur in the fuel is converted to sulphuric acid which has a corrosive
effect on the internal components of the engine, breaks the lubricating oil
down and contributes to acidification in the environment. It also has a
negative effect on the formation of particulates. The sulphur content should
be as low as possible.

Fuel density has effect on power output and fuel consumption. Low
temperature winter grade fuels and environment classified fuels will
typically give 3-5% lower power and also higher fuel consumption
compared with Volvo Penta reference fuel (0,84 kg/liter). Operating with a
high density fuel (0,84 kg/liter) will result in higher engine power and
increased smoke level. Do not run the engine at higher power levels than
the rated engine power.

The cetane number is a measure of the willingness of the fuel to ignite. A

low cetane number will result in long ignition delay, which will cause poor
cold starting and warming up performance (white smoke), increased
exhaust emissions and higher engine noise. The cetane number should be
at least 45, for low exhaust emissions it should be more than 52.

The viscosity is the ability of the fuel to flow. Too low viscosity means poor
lubrication of the moving components of the injection system, too high
viscosity can lead to abnormal pressures in the fuel system, causing cracks
in injector nozzles and delivery lines. The viscosity should be 1,3-5,8 mm2/
sec at 40°C

To obtain cost effective and environmental friendly operation, the fuel

should at least comply with one of the following market fuel standards:

EN 590 European Union

ASTM D975 1D and 2D USA
JIS KK2204 Japan

14 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Coolant

Fresh coolant water shall comply with ASTM D4985 X1.1:

Coolant consists of fresh water with glycol or Solid particles max 340 ppm
other inhibitors. The function of the coolant is Total hardness max 9,5 dH
to: Chloride content max 40 ppm
— transport the excessive heat energy from
Sulphate content max 100 ppm
the engine to the radiator. Acidity 5.5-9 pH
— protect all metals in the cooling system
from corrosion and cavitation.
— provide anti-freeze protection.
Ethylene glycol should be added to the fresh water when there is a
risk of freezing. When there are aluminium components in the
cooling circuit, it is important to use high grade glycol, such as
Volvo Penta concentrated coolant.

Mixture ratio:
% glycol Frost protection down to
min 40% −28°C
50% −40°C
max 60% −56°C

Glycol is the best inhibitor to protect the cooling system from

corrosion and cavitation even at temperatures above freezing (use
40% glycol). Anti-corrosion additives can be used but will give less
protection against cavitation compared with glycol. Never use
glycol and anti-corrosion inhibitor at the same time, since there is a
risk of foaming.

Change the coolant every 12 months (every 24 months when the

engine is equipped with a coolant filter).

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 15

Cooling capability

Air flow direction with thrust (pusher, blower) type fan

The function of the cooling system is
to dissipate the engine heat to the ç air flow
ambient air without the coolant
boiling.

The radiator ambient air capability is

dependent on:

Coolant temperature shut down

switch setting
The real coolant boiling point
depends on the system pressure and
the type of coolant used. In practice,
the coolant temperature shut down
switch normally limits the maximum
permissible coolant temperature.

Type of coolant
The radiator ambient air capability is
improved by 4°C when the coolant is
changed from 50% glycol to fresh
water with inhibitor.

Air on temperature
The air on temperature (into radiator)
depends on the ambient air
temperature and any additional heat The individual Volvo Penta engine cooling performance data found
from engine, generator, air blast oil in engine technical data is based on the following conditions:
cooler, etc.
A gen set equipped with a thrust
Top tank temperature (TTT) 103º
cooling fan will normally have an air
TTT for TD520GE/720GE 110º
on temperature 5 to 7°C above the TTT for TAD520GE/720GE 105º
ambient air temperature. Coolant 50% glycol and 50% water
System pressure 70 kPa
Altitude Altitude 150 m above sea level
Altitude affects the boiling point of
the coolant and cooling fan air flow.
Radiators with a 70 kPa pressure cap
setting have a good overheating Variation factors from Volvo Penta base cooling performance conditions:
margin up to 4000 m above sea level.
Radiator ambient air capability is
reduced by 2.5°C per 500 m
increase in elevation. — When the maximum permitted top tank temperature is lower than
103°C (e.g. with a 97°C coolant temp shutdown switch), the radiator
External restrictions
ambient air capability is decreased by a 1:1 ratio (in this case with 6°C).
If the cooling air flow is restricted by
— When 25% instead of 50% antifreeze is used the radiator ambient air
ducts, louvres, etc., this will result in
capability is increased by 2°C.
reduced radiator ambient air
— When fresh water with inhibitor is used, instead of 50% antifreeze the
capability, see engine technical data.
radiator ambient air capability is increased by 4°C.
— When operating at higher altitudes than 150 m the radiator ambient air
capability is decreased by 2.5°C (per 500 m).

Coolant freezing temperature:

Fresh water 0°C

25% glycol –13°C
50% glycol –34°C

16 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Exhaust gas emissions
The composition of exhaust
gases
During the combustion process of a
diesel engine, chemical energy is
converted into mechanical energy at
high temperatures and under very
high pressure. For the most part,
exhaust gasses consist of the same
elements found in the air - nitrogen,
carbon dioxide, water and oxygen.
Only <0.1% of these components
can be defined as exhaust-gas
emissions.
The effects of exhaust gases on
health and the environment
Diesel engines add to the pollution
which has an adverse effect on health
and the environment. The biggest
environmental problem is
acidification, which weakens plants,
trees, etc.
Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004
NOX Nitrous oxides are formed by a reaction between the N and O in
the air at high temperatures.
HC Hydrocarbons are elements of unburned fuel which have formed
as a result of a low combustion temperature and/or a poor
fuel/air mixture. They give diesel exhaust its characteristic smell.
CO Carbon monoxide is formed at the intermediate combustion
stage as a result of air deficiency, which results in incomplete
oxidization from CO to CO2.
PM Particulate matter consists of a core of carbon (<10 mm) and
comes from the fuel and the lubricating oil. This is primarily a
result of poor fuel/air mixture. Poisonous hydrocarbons condense
on the surface of the particles.
SO2 Sulphur dioxide is formed by a reaction between the sulphur in
the fuel and the oxygen in the air. It is directly related to the
amount of sulphur in the fuel and is not the subject of existing or
proposed control legislature.
— Acidification
Diesel engines primarily emit NOX, which with water forms nitric acid.
In addition sulphur dioxide forms sulphuric acid with water. These are
both strong acids which affect the leaves of plants and attack their
root systems, reducing the plants capacity to absorb water and
minerals.
— Oxidants
Oxidants such as ozone, O3, are formed as a result of the sensitive
balance in the atmosphere being disrupted by too much HC and NOX.
This affects the photosynthesis/respiration of trees, restricting their
growth.
— Photochemical smog
Photochemical smog is formed in highly populated urban areas when
HC and NOX are exposed to sunlight. The smog contains a great deal
of pollutants and obtains its brownish colour from NO2. Nitrous oxides
and hydrocarbons in the smog affect the respiratory system and
increase sensitivity to infection, particularly to disorders of the air
passages.
— Particulate matter
Particulates in the air is also the result of emissions of diesel exhaust
gasses. The particles are small cores of carbon (<10 µm) upon which
hydrocarbons can condense and which can transport mutagenic and
carcinogenic hydrocarbons into the lungs.
— Greenhouse effect
Today, the greenhouse effect represents one of the most widespread
environmental threats of all. There is a fear for connection between
global warming and the increase in the carbon dioxide content of the
atmosphere, contributed to by the combustion of all fossil fuels.
General - 17
Test procedure
For engines intended for off road ISO 8178 D2 test cycle with weight factors
applications emission measurements
are based on the ISO 8178-4 test
cycles. In this a limited number of
modes from the ECE R49 13 mode
cylce is used with different weight
factors depending on the application.
Constant speed generating set
engines with variable load are tested
according to ISO 8178 D2 test cycle.

The test cycle is set to reflect the

“average” working cycle of generating
sets. The test comprises a series of
five steps, each gauged at a specific
load which must be maintained for a
given period. In addition, every
measured value is given a weighting
prior to the final total of emissions
being determined.

5 mode test cycle for constant speed generating set engines

Exhaust emission regulations

Exhaust limits and implementation dates
are set by national laws and regulations
Industrial genset gross power exhaust emission regulation 130 - 560 kW
based on defined test cycles and proce-
dures. g/kWh
10,0
9,2

USA, Off-Road
There are two controlling bodies legislating 7,5
emission limits and implementation dates 6,4
6
for engines installed in off-road machinery;
EPA, Environmental Protection Agency. 5
5,0
CARB, California Air Resources Board. 4
3,5 3,5 3,5

Typical Off-road machinery:

– Construction equipment including air 2,5
1,3
compressors 1
0,54
– Mobile pump units 0,2 0,2 0,2
– Forestry machinery 0,0
Stage 1 / Tier 1 Stage 2 Tier 2 Tier 3
– Agricultural vehicles
– Materials handling equipment NOx HC HC+NOx CO PM
– Snow ploughs and air port support
equipment
– Mobile generating sets

Exhaust emission regulations for diesel Tier 3 Europe, Non-Road

driven off-road machinery has been in
effect for USA since 1.1.1996 (Tier 1) for
both federal and State of California.
New and lower limits (Tier 2) were
introduced as from 1.1.2002, for diesel en-
gines in the output range 450 – 560 kW,
from 1.1.2003 for engines in the 75 –225
kW range and from 1.1.2004 for engines
in the 19 – 75 kW (TD420VE) range.
The EPA / CARB proposal includes reduc-
tion of NOx, CO and HC but no change to
the PM level, test procedures or fuel.
Introduction date is set to 2006 for
engines in the range between 130 – 560
kW and 2007 for engines in the range 75
– 130 kW
The emission limits were implemented for
non-road applications with directive
NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery)
97/68/EC, effective 1.1.1999 and valid for
the same applications as in USA, except
for agriculture tractors and mobile generat-
ing sets.

18 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

 Genset exhaust emission regulation map and year

EU Stage 2,
2007
Japan Stage 2,
2003 and Tier
3, 2006 but PM
US EPA TIER 2, 0.17 NOx 3.6 &
2003 and Tier 3, HC 0.4
2006
India Tier 1,
2003 but PM
0.3 & CO 3.5

Please note:
Exhaust emission requirements may differ due application i.e prime, stand-by, emergency, mobile or
stationary and national or local regulations i.e TA-luft in Germany.
In some countries black smoke limits may be a requirement.

EU Stage 1 was enforced from 1.10.1998 Asia, Non-Road India

for diesel engines in the 130 – 560 kW
range.
EU Stage 2 has been in effect since
1.1.2002 for the same engine range, and
for engines in the 75 – 130 kW range it
went in to effect 1.1.2003.
Stage 3
Global discussions are going on regarding
the use of a voluntary transient test cycle
for Stage 3, and a two-step introduction
with a lower NOx level a 2 years before a
lower PM level is required in 2008.
Exhaust smoke
There are existing limits (not included in
dir.97/68/EC) for smoke generated at
full load and during acceleration off-load.
Within EU the smoke is regulated by
ECE Regulation 24, which in general is
fulfilled by Volvo Penta’s Industrial engines China
equipped with smoke limiter.
EU Constant speed engines, in the
power range 37-560 kW will be included 1.9.2003
in the present directive 97/68/EC with
effect from 1.1.2007. Stage 2 limits will
apply.
Emission regulations for generating set
Japan engines apply in India as from 1 July 2003
The Japanese Environmental Council is for the engine range 50 – 260 kW, and
currently working on non-road emission from 1 July 2004 for engines in the power
regulations, based on ISO 8178-4 test range 260 – 800 kW.
cycle 8 Mode, that will be introduced in
2006 for engines in the 130 – 560 kW
range. Exhaust emission certificate
Smoke will also be regulated in the new Copies of the emission certificates issued
emission standard. by EPA, CARB and SEPA (Swedish Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) are available
Korea on the Volvo Penta Intranet.
Step 1, for Construction Equipment
engines based on the ISO test cycle 8178
C1-8 Mode was introduced 1.1.2003.
Step 2, for Construction Equipment
engines in the power range 175 – 750 hp,
will most likely be introduced in 2005.
The only emission regulations in force
in P.R.C. today are on-road regulations
similar to Euro 1. Euro 2 will apply as from

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 19

TA-Luft Exhaust Emission Regulation
Volvo Penta has measured Gen Set engine
exhaust emissions in accordance with TA-
Luft emission standards. Engines satisfy
the TA-Luft regulation limits.

Customized product
An customized product is a product com-
bination that can not be ordered from the
Sales Guide. When requesting a custom-
ized product, please contact your Adapta-
tion Center. The Adaptation Center will
help you with cost, possible configurations
and preliminary delivery time. An example
of a customized product is different trans-
mission, cooling system, electrical system,
etc.
PLEASE NOTE
The basic product you are asking for
must be in production. Please send your
requests by fax or mail together with our
request form, publication no 7738779. It
is possible to find a released customized
product on Volvo Penta Intranet.
For further information, please contact:
Adaptation Center Europe
Fax. No. +46 31 663550
E-mail: support.acenter.eu@volvo.com
Adaptation Center North America Fax. No.
+1 757 436 5159.
E-mail: support.acenter.na@volvo.com

Torsional vibrations
Torsional vibrations occurs as a result of
forces on the crankshaft caused by the pis-
ton and connecting rod during the power
stroke. These forces tend to deflect the
crankshaft and also tend to displace the
shaft at an angle. The object of Torsional
Vibration Calculations (TVC) is to locate
the critical speed points and to ensure that
these critical speeds are outside the oper-
ating range of the engine (within +10% to
–5% of the constant speed).
Disregarding the torsional compatibility of
the engine and the equipment driven by
the engine may fracture the crankshaft and
flywheel bolts and may lead to overheat-
ing of the vibration damper. Approved
combinations with engines coupled to
single bearing generators are listed on the
following pages in this Sales Guide. If the
required combination is not listed, please
contact Volvo Penta.

TVC data input:

– Engine, output and speed
– Designation pf alternator incl. detailed
drawings of rotating components such
as shaftm, armature, exciter, generator,
cooling fan and coupling, including
weight, inertia and location of the rotat-
ing components.
Expected delivery time approx. 2 weeks
from complete order.

If two-bearing generators are specified,

torsional vibration analyses are carried out
by the manufacturer of coupling. Volvo
Penta will supply engine input data on
request.

20 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Leroy Somer alternators max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TAD520GE LSA 44.2 S7 - 110 25258
¹) Not approved with 2.6kgm²
flywheel LSA 44.2 VS4 - 110 24365
²) Not approved with 2.6kgm² LSA 46.1 M3 102 110 4032, 4033
flywheel or 60˚ AOT TWD710G LSA 46 M2 S 155 174 41084
3
) Prime Power LSA 46 M3 S 179 195 41061
4
) Not approved with 1.2kgm² LSA 46 M5 S 179 195 41062
flywheel
LSA 461 S2 179 195 2199
LSA 461 M3 179 195 2200
TWD740GE LSA 461 M5 196 222 2780
LSA 461 L6 196 222 2781
LSA 462 M5 204 - 48004
TAD740GE LSA 461 L8 239 245 2770
LSA 462 L6 247 259 36951, 36954
LSA 462 VL12 247 259 36952, 36953
TAD1030GE LSA 461 L6 265 280 2163
LSA 461 L8 265 280 2162
LSA 461 L9 265 280 2161
TAD1032GE LSA 462 VL12 296 294 36943, 36944
LSA 471 M6 296 294 36946, 36945
TAD1240GE LSA 461 VL12 323 350 3131
LSA 462 VL12 - 3153 59707
LSA 462 VL12 - 345 59711
LSA 471 M4 320 345 59669, 59668
TAD1241GE LSA 471 M4 363 393 59686, 59685
LSA 471 M6 363 393 59684, 59683
TAD1242GE LSA 471 L9 398 449 36923, 36924
LSA 471 M6 398 449 36925, 36926
TWD1630G LSA 471 L9 397 447 36933, 36934
LSA 471 M6 397 447 36931, 36932
LSA 471 VL12 - 447 14078
LSA 471 VL12 - 3913 14077
TAD1630GE LSA 471 M6 438 479 2179
LSA 471 L9 447 494 36935, 36936
LSA 471 VL12 447 494 36937, 36938
LSA 491 M5 447 494 36970, 36971
TAD1631GE LSA 471 L6 - 5053 25260
LSA 471 L6 - 558 25261
LSA 471 L9 - 5053 25260
LSA 471 L9 - 558 25261
LSA 471 L10 473 573 2285
LSA 471 L11 473 573 2285
LSA 471 VL12 485 558 36941, 36942

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 21

Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Marathon alternators max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TD520GE 361PSL1602 - 89
¹) Not approved with 2.6kgm²
flywheel 362PSL1604 - 89
²) Not approved with 2.6kgm² 362PSL1615 - 89
flywheel or 60˚ AOT 363PSL1607 - 89
3
) Prime Power TAD520GE 362PSL1604 - 110 23172
4
) Not approved with 1.2kgm² 362PSL1606 - 110 23173
flywheel
363PSL1617 - 110 23175
431PSL6202 - 110 23174
TD720GE 363PSL1607 - 134 23176
431PSL6204 - 134 23177
431PSL6224 - 134 23178
TAD720GE 363PSL1607 - 163¹ 23179
431PSL6202 - 163² 22800
431PSL6206 - 163 59583
431PSL6224 - 163² 22802
TWD710G 430 S 1264 155 174 1940
430 S 1265 179 195 41108
430 S 1266 179 195 41109
TWD740GE 432 S 1266 196 222 2784
TAD740GE 432 S 1268 239 245 2773
TAD1030GE 432 S 1268 265 280 2167
432 RSL 4017 265 280 2166
TAD1031GE 431 PSL 6206 - 2673 32049
431 PSL 6208 - 2673 32050
432 PSL 6210 - 294 32053
432 PSL 6228 - 2673 32052
433 PSL 6216 - 2673 32051
433 PSL 6216 - 294 32054
TAD1240GE 432PSL6216 - 3153 28927
432PSL6216 - 345 28933
572RSL4027 - 3153 28928
572RSL4027 - 345 28934
TAD1241GE 433PSL6216 - 3593 28929
433PSL6216 - 393 28935
573RSL4035 - 3593 28930
573RSL4035 - 393 28936
433RSL4019 363 393 47980, 47995
433RSL4021 363 393 48000, 47999
572RSL4027 363 393 47996, 47998
572RSS4272 - 393 48001
TAD1242GE 433PSL6220 - 4103 28931
433PSL6220 - 449 28937
433RSL4019 398 449 47969, 47982
433RSL4021 398 449 47989, 47988
572RSL4024 398 449 47985, 47986
572RSL4027 398 449 47983, 47990
572RSS4272 - 449 47981
574RSL4037 - 4103 28932
574RSL4037 - 449 28938
TWD1630G 572 RSL 4024 389 430 2177
TAD1630GE 572 RSL 4024 438 494 3658, 39567
572 RSL 4027 438 479 2183
TAD1631GE 572 RSL 4024 - 558 35304
572 RSL 4027 485 558 47958, 47957
572 RSL 4028 485 558 47955, 47954
572 RSL 4030 485 558 47953, 47952
572 RSL 4032 485 558 47959, 47977
22 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004
Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Marathon alternators, continued max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TAD1631GE 575 RSL 4044 485 558 4167

Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Marelli alternators max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TD520GE M7B250 SA4 85 - 22793
¹) Not approved with 2.6kgm²
flywheel M7B250 SA4 85 -
²) Not approved with 2.6kgm² TAD520GE M7B250 SB4 102 - 22794
flywheel or 60˚ AOT TD720GE M7B250 SC4 128 - 22795
3
) Prime Power TAD720GE M7B250 MA4 153 - 22796
4
) Not approved with 1.2kgm²
M7B250 MB4 153 1632 22511, 22512
flywheel
TWD740GE M7B250 MC 196 222 2786
M7B315 SA 196 222 2787
M8B250 LA4 204 - 59585
TAD740GE M7B315 SA 239 245 2775
TAD1032GE M8B315 SA4 296 294 59670, 59667
TAD1240GE M8B400 MA4 320 - 4105
TWD1630G M7B315 MB 389 430 2373
TAD1630GE M7B315 MC 435 474 2374
TAD1631GE M7B400 SA4 430 - 2590
M8B315 485 - 36939

Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Mecc Alte alternators max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TD520GE ECN 34-IS 85 - -
¹) Not approved with 2.6kgm²
flywheel ECO 34 1S/4 854 - 22797
²) Not approved with 2.6kgm² TAD520GE ECN 34-1L 102 110 -
flywheel or 60˚ AOT ECN 34-2L 102 - -
3
) Prime Power ECO 34-2S 1021 1104 25258, 25259
4
) Not approved with 1.2kgm²
ECO34 1L/4 1021 1104 22530, 22531
flywheel
TD720GE ECO 34 2L/4 1281 - 22799
TAD720GE ECO 37 1S 153 - 39586
TWD710G ECO 37-2S 181 199 36963, 36964
TWD740GE ECN 37-SD 196 222 2785
ECO 37-1L - 236 36966
ECO37-3S 204 - 36965
TAD740GE ECN 37-LC 239 245 2774
ECO 37-1L 247 - 50015
ECO 37-2L 247 259 36957, 36958
ECO 40-1S 247 - 47964
TAD1030GE ECN 37-LC 265 280 2438
ECN 37-LD 265 280 2439
TAD1032GE ECO 37-2L 296 - 39587
TAD1242GE ECO 40-1S 398 - 36959
ECO40-2S - 449 36960
TAD1631GE EC 40-LB/4 473 - 2803
EC 43-SA/4 4423 - 39574
ECO 40-1L - 558 36962
ECO 40-3S 485 - 36961
ECO 40-3S/4 4423 5053 35332, 35333
ECO 40-1L/4 - 5053 35335

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 23

Torsional vibration analysis of Engine model Alternator Approved Approved Volvo Penta
Stamford alternators max. net. kW max. net. kW ref. no.
1500 rpm 1800 rpm
TD520GE UC 224F - 891 36955
¹) Not approved with 2.6kgm²
flywheel UC 224G 851 894 22788, 22573
²) Not approved with 2.6kgm² UC 274C 85 891 22579, 22580
flywheel or 60˚ AOT TAD520GE UC 274C 85 - 22792
3
) Prime Power UC 274D 102 1101 22528, 22529
4
) Not approved with 1.2kgm² UC 274F 153 - -
TD720GE
flywheel
UC 274G 128 - 32388
TAD720GE UC 274F 153 - 22790
UC 274G 153 1632 22508, 22509
UC 274H - 163 60845
TWD710G UC 274F 155 174 41007
UC 274G 181 195 39584, 41034
UC 275H 179 195 41033
UC 4 C 179 195 2344
HC 434C 181 - 32389
TWD740GE UC 274H 196 222 2782
HC 434C 196 222 2783
UCD 274J - 236 24372
TAD740GE HC 434C 239 245 2771
HC 434D 239 245 2772
UCI274F 274 - 14138
TAD1030GE HC 4 265 280 2165
HC 4 265 280 2164
HC 4 265 280 2256
TAD1031GE HC 434D - 294 22611
HC 434E - 294 22585
UCI 274H 270 - 14139
TAD1032GE HC 534C 296 - 47909
TAD1240GE HCI 434D 323 349 3143
TAD1241GE HCI 434E 356 397 3147
TAD1242GE HCI 434F 399 449 3151
HC 534C 398 449 35325, 35326
HC 534F 387 - 32390
TWD1630G HC 5C 389 430 2176
HC 4F 389 430 2259
HCI 544C 397 447 4169, 4170
TAD1630GE HC 4H 438 479 2489
HC 5C 438 479 2182
HC 5D 438 479 2180
HC 5E 438 479 2181
HC 4F - 474 2665
TAD1631GE HC 5D 473 537 2283
HC 5E 473 537 2284
HC 4J 473 537 2572
HC 534E 4423 5053 16464, 16466
HC 534E 485 558 16465, 16468
HC 534F 442 - 4182
HCI 534D 485 - 38827
HCI 634 1H 4423 - 28909
HCI 634 1H 485 - 28910
HCK434F - 485 14141

24 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004

Importers directory
Now you can find dealers and importers
on our new website www.volvopenta.com.

From the start page chose dealer locator

in upper right corner.

To locate a Volvo Penta dealer or import-

er, specify a location either by clicking the
map or selecting the dropdown menu.

Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004 General - 25

Notes

26 - General Volvo Penta Generating Set Engines 2004