SEC. 11.

8 Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms 513

8. f(x) =r 0
2
if O<x<a
16. f(x) =
{I - 0
x
2
if O<x<

if x>a if x>

if 0< x < 1 {7T - x if O<X<7T

17. f(x) = 0
9. f(x)
=e if x > 1 if X> 7T

~f
xl2 if o<x<
if O<X<7T
10. f(x) 1 - x/2 if <x<2
18. f(x) = ro~x
if x> 7T

11. f(x) = rnx

0
0

if
if
if

O<X<7T

X>7T
x>2
19. f(x) = r ~x
if
if
O<x<a

x>a

20. PROJECT. Properties of Fourier Integrals

(a) Fourier cosine integral. Show that (11) implies

{e~X
if O<x<a
12. f(x) =
if x>a (al) f(ax) = ~ fOA( :) cos xw dw

(a> 0) (Scale change)

13. CAS EXPERIMENT. Approximate Fourier Cosine
Integrals. Graph the integrals in Prob. 7, 9, and 11 as (a2) xf(x) = fOO B*(w) sin xw dw,
functions of x. Graph approximations obtained by o
replacing co with finite upper limits of your choice. dA
Compare the quality of the approximations. Write a B* = - A as in (10)
dw '
short report on your empirical results and observations.

114-191 FOURIER SINE INTEGRAL (a3) x 2 f(x) = f=A*(W) cosxw dw,

o
REPRESENTATIONS
d2A
Represent f(x) as an integral (13). A* = - dw 2 .

14. f(x) = e if

if
O<x<a

x> a
(b) Solve Prob. 8 by applying (a3) to the result of
Prob.7.
(c) Verify (a2) for f(x) = I if 0 < x < a and
f(x) = 0 if x > a.
SlllX if O<X<7T
15. f(x) = 0 (d) Fourier sine integral Find formulas for the
{
if Fourier sine integral similar to those in (a).

11.8 Fourier Cosine and Sine Transforms

An integral transform is a transformation in the form of an integral that produces from
given functions new functions depending on a different variable. These transformations
are of interest mainly as tools for solving ODEs, PDEs, and integral equations, and they
often also help in handling and applying special functions. The Laplace transform
(Chap. 6) is of this kind and is by far the most important integral transform in
engineering.
The next in order of importance are Fourier transforms. We shall see that these
transforms can be obtained from the Fourier integral in Sec. 11.7 in a rather simple fashion.
In this section we consider two of them, which are real, and in the next section a third
one that is complex.