Professional Documents
Culture Documents
bilinguals are ‘people who need and use two (or more)
languages in their everyday lives (Grosjean 1992:51)
4. MULTILINGUAL
6.
UNPREDICTABLE: likely to change suddenly and
without reason and therefore notable to
be predicted (= expected before
it happens) or depended on.
• Participants
• solidarity and status
• Social Distance
• Status Relationship
• Formality
• Function
CODE SWITCHING (CS)
WHAT IS CODE SWITCHING?
Style code-
switching
REASON FOR CODE SWITCHING
Move der
bleistift (the
pencil) to the
pencil case on
the desk.
INTER-SENTENTIAL SWITCHING
• It happens between a sentence boundaries where one clause or sentence
is in one language and the next clause or sentence is in the other.
• inter-sentential CS takes place within the same sentence or between
speaker turns, it entails fluency in both languages such that a speaker is
able to follow the rules of the two languages
• In Assyrian-English switching one could say:
Ani wideili what happened?" ("Those, I did them what happened?")
ENG-SPA
• Interjection
• Quoting somebody else
• Expressing group identity
• Because of real lexical need
• Talking about a particular topic
• Repetition used for clarification
• Being emphatic about something
• To soften or strengthen request or command
• Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor
• To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
INTRA-SENTENTIAL CODE MIXING
This kind of code mixing occurs within a phrase, a clause or a
sentence boundary.
INTRA LEXICAL CODE MIXING