MIND MAP: PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Positive
To form positive sentences we use the present simple of the verb to be and the ing form of the verb you
want to use.
I am playing videogames.

Negative
To form negative sentences in the present continuous we add not after the verb to be and before the ing
verb that you want to use.
I am not playing video games.

Questions
To form a question in the Present Continuous we change the order of the subject and the verb to be.
You are playing ----> Are you playing?

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED WHEN TALKING ABOUT

1. ACTIONS HAPPENING NOW ( I am using my computer right now. ), ( You are reading
my mind map. )
2. INCOMPLETE ACTIONS ( I am working on my behavior at the moment.this action isn't
finished at the moment ), ( I am learning Japanese. I just started )
3. FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS ( I am meeting my friends for lunch at 14.00 ) ( You are
taking the train tomorrow )

THE POSSESSIVE CASE

The possessive case shows ownership. With the addition of ’s (or sometimes just the apostrophe), a
noun can change from a simple person, place, or thing to a person, place, or thing that owns something.
There are a few different ways to form the possessive of a noun.

If the noun doesn’t end with an s, add ’s to the end of the noun. See the following examples:
1. This is Emily and her cat. The cat is Emily's pet. Emily is not the cat's pet
2. This is the women's bathroom
If a proper name ends with an s, you can add just the apostrophe or an apostrophe and an s. See
the examples below for an illustration of this type of possessive noun.
1. You're using Christos' computer
2. You're using Christos's computer ( also correct )
But when you have a plural noun that ends in s, add just the apostrophe. This is also true when
you have a proper noun that’s plural.
1. This is the girls' bathroom
2. The Jacksons' family is full of singers
When you have an ordinary noun like student, you can tell whether the possessive form refers to
one student or many students by looking at where the apostrophe is. When you’re talking about
one student, add apostrophe + s:
1.The student’s favorite subject was science. ( he is alone )
When you’re talking about many students, add an apostrophe.
1.The students’ favorite subject was science. ( we are talking here about a whole class )
If you have a compound noun (for example, when you’re talking about two people who jointly
own one thing), change only the last noun to the possessive. The examples below illustrate this
usage of the possessive case.
1.Christos and his family's house is very tall
2.Tell Ronaldo and Messi's fans to stop arguing over who's better.
If the possessor is a building, an object, or a piece of furniture, you don’t need to add an
apostrophe to show possession.
1. Epstein was killed in his prison cell ( not in his prison's cell )
2. They met in the hotel lobby.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
The possessive adjective needs to agree with the possessor and not with the thing that is
possessed.
1. My computer is very performant
2. Our dog is very friendl
Like all adjectives in English, they are always located directly in front of the noun they refer to.
However, the verb that is used needs to be in agreement with the noun - if the noun is singular
then the verb is singular; if the noun is plural then the verb is plural.
1. My pocket is empty ( singular )
2. My pockets are empty ( plural )
Be careful not to confuse its and it's.
Its = The possessive adjective for It.
It's = a contraction of it is.
1. This cheese is past its expiration date.
2. This book is better than its cover would suggest.
3. It's okay to be white
4. I know it's hard, but you'll be okay.
The possessive adjectives in English are:
my, your, his, her, its, our and their.