FUNCTIONS

vital component of cell membrane and is used to

produce vitamin D, hormones and bile acids.
Help to regulate the process of develpoment in cell
signaling
Passes on messages received from the outside the
cell to effective changes in the cell.
Acts as steroids hormones
STEROIDS STEROLS

STRUCTURE
Complex molecules with interlinking rings of carbon
atoms with side chains of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen attached.
Hydroxyl group with 3-position at the A-ring
Flat
Hydroxyl group is polar

FUNCTIONS
Transport cholesterol from
the peripheral tissues to the
liver (good cholesterol)
HDL
STRUCTURE
Contains 50% protein,
truglyceride 4%, cholesterol
16% and 30% phospholipid

FUNCTIONS
Transport cholesterol from
the liver to peripheral tissues
(bad cholesterol)

LIPOPROTEINS LDL
STRUCTURE
Contains mostly cholesterol
with 60%, phospholipids 25%,
triglyceridees 15% and 20% of
protein

FUNCTIONS
Transport trilycerides from
liver to the peripheral tissues

VLDL
STRUCTURE
Contains 10%, protein, 35%,
50% triglycerides 15%
phospholipids

STRUCTURE
FATS GLYCOGLYCEROLIPIDS Fatty acid + sugar attached to
glycerol.
COMPOUND LIPIDS

FUNCTIONS
GLYCOLIPIDS Acts as a receptor site for chemical signals.
Acts as a recognition site for anti bodies.
Acts as a building site for drugs.
Helps to stabilize cell membranes
GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS Able to produce all blood groups.

STRUCTURE
Fatty acid + sugar attached to
sphingosine

FUNCTIONS CELL MEMBRANE

To form cells membranes These two fats all link to cell mebraned such a
way that they help to fom it. The phospholipids
Lubricant forms the cell membrane , so that the cell
Energy source membrane can control the eexit and entering of
Emulsifier particular substances. The cell membranes is
made up sterols and other special components.
PHOSPOHLIPIDS When the cell membrane is form, the glycolipids,
helps to stabilize it.

STRUCTURE
Glycerol backbone
Phosphate group
2 fatty acids STRUCTURE
hydrocarbon chains
containing two or more
POLYUNSATURATED double bonds

FUNCTIONS
They can help lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol level
UNSATURATED
Helps to reduce the risk of heart disease

Carries fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K)

WAXES MONOUNSATURATED Lubrication for body surfaces

Energy stoage
SINGLELIPIDS
STRUCTURE
TRIGLYCERIDES
contain a single double (=) bond
between two carbon atoms

STRUCTURE
THE SIMPLIEST FATTY ACIDS ARE
UNBRANCHED, LINEEAR CHAINS OF CH 2
GROUPS LINKED BY CARBON-CARBON
SINGLE BONDS WITH ONE TERMINAL
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
SATURATED

FUNCTIONS
IT RAISES YOUR BAD CHOLESTEROL
(LDL)
CONRIBUTE TO THE PLAQUE
FORMATION IN THE ARTERIES
There are certain types of fats that are linked to obesity. These fats are all the triglycerides and all
the lipoproteins. They are all connected to the cholesterol they contain and how they play a
particular role in the body’s cholesterol level. The three lipoproteins contains cholesterol. The VDL
consist of mostly cholesterol which carries the unsaturated and saturated fat away from the liver to
other parts of the body. Since the VDL contains more cholesterol than protein, this contributes to
obesity a lot. The LDL is the bad cholesterol that the saturated fat raises and forms the plaques
formation in the arteries. So after the triglycerides are taken from the liver, the HDL then carries the
good cholesterol to the liver so that the LDL can be lowered and transport away from the liver. The
bad cholesterol is then take away from the liver which is the LDL. The unsaturated fat contains the
HDL. Too many intake of saturated fat raise your LDL and so the arteries are blocked causing
atherosclerosis. This is how we get obesity. When there is too much intake of saturated fat and the
LDL is raise, and the energy is not burn, fat starts to form around your heart causing a blockage. This
is where the unsaturated fat comes in. The unsaturated fat helps to lower the LDL and reduce the
risk of obesity which is too much fat in the body (heart disease). So see they are all common in some
type of way.

They are all link together in some way. The lipoproteins are VDL, HDL and LDL. These proteins all
transport cholesterol from and to the liver. The VDL transport the unsaturated fat and saturated fat
from the liver to tissues called peripheral tissues. The saturated fat increase the LDL which is the bad
cholesterol level. When the LDL is raise, The LDL transport the cholesterol away from the liver to the
same peripheral tissues. These tissues are not really a primary concern. When the cholesterol is
transport from the liver, the unsaturated fat lowers the LDL and so the HDL which is the good
cholesterol, is then transported to the liver from the peripheral tissues.

The sterols produces vitamin D and when the vitamin d is produce, the unsaturated fat carries it to
parts of the body such as the liver. The steroids is makes up the cell membranes. When the
phospholipids form the cell membrane, the phospholipids uses the steroids and other components
to form it. After it is form, the glycolipids helps it to stay firm so that substances doesn’t pass
through easily. The steroids in the cell membrane, helps to develop the cell signals so messages can
be passed through from outside and inside the cell if changes occurs. Both phospholipids and
glycolipids are made of fatty acids but with other different components.

The phospholipids and unsaturated fats both help to lubricate the body surface so there is no
friction between the organs and other parts of the body. They both are the main source of energy.
The body gets its energy from theses fats and other nutrients.