FINAL TERM EXAMINATION: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (LECTURE)

Instructions: PICK the questions that you think will serve better on your current understanding of
the concepts under Human Nutrition and Metabolism. Try and accumulate at least 150 points to
pass. 300 is considered PERFECT. You may use drawing, illustrations, or plain sentence
explanation. Good luck.
Part I. 10 POINTS EACH.
1. What is metabolism? Nutrition?
2. What two processes make up the process of metabolism?
3. Does the body digest dietary fiber? Why or why not?
4. Briefly describe glycolysis, the first process of carbohydrate
catabolism.
5. Where does glycolysis occur?
6. Describe the process of “splitting glycogen.”
7. How are dietary fats classified?
8. Explain how lipids are transported in blood.
9. List the hormones involved in the control of lipid
metabolism.
10. What are the essential amino acids?
11. What does the term metabolic rate mean?
12. List the various factors that influence basal metabolic rate.
13. Describe various factors that influence the amount of food a
person eats.
14. Define the term calorie.
15. How would you state or interpret, in your own words, the
process of carbohydrate catabolism known as the citric acid
cycle? Draw a picture to illustrate what you mean.
16. How would you describe the mitochondria, and why do you
think they are referred to as the “power plants” of the cells?
17. Compare anaerobic and aerobic pathways. What important
role does lactic acid play in the anaerobic pathway?
FINAL TERM EXAMINATION: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (LECTURE)

18. Identify and explain the processes and hormones involved in

maintaining the homeostatic level of glucose in the blood.
19. State in your own words the process of lipid catabolism.
How is it similar to the carbohydrate pathway? How does this
process generate ketone bodies?
20. Describe protein catabolism in your own words. How is this
process related to a negative nitrogen balance?
21. How would you compare and contrast the functions of
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
22. What is the function of most vitamins in the body? What
examples can you find that do not have this function? What
functions do these vitamins have?
Part II. 20 POINTS EACH
1. Identify the hormones responsible for glucose homeostasis and describe their functions on
how they contribute to the overall control of blood glucose levels.
2. What are the 2 main types of Diabetes. Compare and contrast them in terms of
pathophysiology, age of onset, insulin dependence, mode of inheritance (if applicable) and
progression of symptoms.
3. what are the different auto-antibodies associated with Type-1 diabetes.
4. explain how a person develops Insulin resistance.
5. What is Gestational diabetes. What are the risks associated with this condition on term of the
mother and the unborn child’s health?
6. What are the risk factors for the Pre-diabetic stage of Diabetes proper.
7. What are the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus.
8. Give some of the lifestyle modifications encouraged to the patient having type 2 Diabetes.
9. What is atherosclerosis? How is it related to CAD, CVD and PVD?
10. Describe in full details the following lipid metabolic pathways:
a. Lipid absorption pathway
b. Exogenous pathway
c. Endogenous pathway
FINAL TERM EXAMINATION: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (LECTURE)

d. Reverse cholesterol pathway

11. Identify some of the NCEP positive risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease risk.
12. Identify the cardioprotective factor/level of HDL-cholesterol.
13. Differentiate in terms of structure and function:
a. Lipoproteins
b. Apolipoproteins
c. Lipids
PART III.
If by any chance we will still be seeing each other, me as your professor again next semester,
give your insights, suggestions, commentaries, anything that’ll help us facilitate your learning
this coming semester. Be vigilant, everything will be taken constructively.