Program: B.

Ed, 2nd year (2019)

EDC201: Learning and Teaching
Unit 1
Role of Learner and Role of Teacher

Lecture 5
Dr. Aruna Singh

Asst Prof, School of Education

<Outlines>
• Introduction
• Objective
• Role of Learner
• Role of Teacher
• Assignment
• Learning Outcome
• References
Introduction

Learner and Teacher both play a very important role in the process
of teaching learning, in realization of teaching learning objectives.

Role of learner varies according to the learning theories and role of

teacher varies according to situations for the effective development.

“A good teacher can inspire hope, ignite the imagination, and instill
a love of learning.”
Brad Henry
< Objective>
Objective is to provide knowledge and understanding of:
1. Role of Learner in various learning situation with reference to
theories
2. Role of Teacher in teaching learning situation
a) Transmitter of knowledge
b) Model
c) Facilitator
d) Negotiator
e) Co-learner
Role of Learner in various learning situation as
seen in different theoretical perspectives
The role of a learner, is that of a collaborator, and a team member. There are
a number of theories about learning which help us understand the role of a
learner. For this course, we will examine only a few of these theories.

Learning Theory
In this course we will briefly examine four theories of learning:
1. Behaviorist theory
2. cognitive theory
3. social learning, and
4. Constructivist theory.
 1. Behaviourist Theory
There are a number of theorists related to the study and observation of
behavior. A few of these include...
B.S. Bloom (1956): Taxonomy of educational objectives and mastery
learning.
Edwin Guthrie (1886-1959): Behavior modification...habits formed and
broken.
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936): Classic conditioning.
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990): Operant conditioning (choices).
E.L. Thorndike (1874-1949): Satisfiers and annoyers.
John Watson (1878-1958): Emotions as conditioned responses.
Role of the learner:
•passive reception of information,
•worker, and
•active listener and direction-follower
 2. Cognitive Theory
There are a number of theorists related to the study of how the mind stores,
processes and remembers information. A few of these include...
D.P. Ausubel: meaningful reception learning.
J. Bruner: Discovery learning.
H. Gardner: Multiple Intelligences.
R. Glaser: Knowledge of experts is organized around principles and
abstractions with application. Novices knowledge is organized around literal
objects.
Koffka: Field theory - Success is more important than reward.
J. Piaget: Stages of cognitive development.
What these theorists pose as cognition that is common to the learner:
•active construction of knowledge within the mind,
•generator and constructor, and
•active thinker, explainer, interpreter and questioner
 3. Social learningTheory
There are a number of theorists related to how we learn from each other
(modeling and observation). A few of these include...
A. Bandura: Break from behaviorists model. Modeling affirmations, self-
efficacy and observational learning (visualizing self-generated
consequences). Interaction of person with environment.
C. Hull: How inner processes interact to produce behavior.

What these theorists pose as social learning that is common to the learner:
•active co-construction of knowledge with others and self,
•co-generator and co-constructor,
•active thinker, explainer, interpreter, questioner, and
•active social participator.
 4. Constructivist learningTheory
Behavioral and cognitive learning theories are objective and assumes the
external world is real and thus the goal of instruction is to have the learner
acquire responses and knowledge that exist in the world (Ertmer &
Newby, 1993). In contrast, a constructivist approach to learning assumes
that learning is subjective to the needs, disposition, attitudes, beliefs, and
feelings of the learner. What these theorists pose as constructivism that is
common to the learner:
•Inclusivity
•Multiple world views
•Patterns and Connectivity
•Context
•Meaning
Role of Teacher in teaching–learning situation
1. As a Transmitter of Knowledge
Basic assumption in such role
i) Knowledge and skills should be directly given and demonstrated
with the use of direct method like lecture and demonstration
ii) There is too much to be known regarding curriculum and content
so it can only be furnished through direct method of transmission
iii) Children can learn well when knowledge and skillsare transmitted
directly by elders/teachers.
So, Teachers try to equip them with the needed knowledge and
information regarding their subjects. This is purely Teacher and
Subject centered approach.
Students are expected to listen, watch, grasp the delivered content,
memorize and reproduce it in the manner transmitted .
 2. Role of teacher as a model

•A teacher as a model may provide needed opportunities of his

students to learn the desired behaviour.

•A number of desirable habits, interests, attitudes and likewise

personality traits maybe imbibed by the students.

•Encouraging results are also received in the skill acquisition areas.

Eg., Games and Sports, performance in Laboratory work, home
science classes, art and craft, dance etc.

•In such role playing situation teacher remains in dominant position.

 3. Role of Teacher as facilitator
• Teacher is as a facilitator in learning. As a facilitator and helper he is
always standing by his students for arranging what is needed by them in
the task of learning. Actually active learning methodology focuses on
helping in learning and facilitating in learning.
• Active learning methodologies include several activities in classroom;
such as reading, making mind maps and group presentation and engage
the student whole time. Active learning methodologies are very effective
to find out students creativity and talent.
• Teachers may use collaborative learning and try to do an exciting
experiment in his class. In modern learning environment, we see
that “learning” is a more popular word than “teaching” which is
child centred approach.
 4. Role of Teacher as Negotiator

Flexible position between teacher centered and student centered approach.

In the role of a negotiator teacher tries to seek a proper negotiating state
between him and the learner conducive to better learning:
i) Adapt teaching style with learning needs
ii) Organise teaching learning environment, methods
iii) Exercises his negotiating skills in resolving the conflicts arising
between and among the students

Teacher tries to arrive a win-win situation for both without hurting

student’s ego and self identity and working together in common
interest.
5. Role of Teacher as Co-learner

• In such role, in such role teacher gets engaged in the tasks and the
activities related to learning.

• To win confidence and cooperation of the students for getting them fully
involved.
“ Tell them they will forget. Show them they will remember. Involve
them, they will learn.”

• His goal is not to show his knowledge but to inspire, encourage students
to know, discover and construct the knowledge. Illuminate the learning
path.
<Assignment>

1. What is the role of learner in various Learning situations as

seen in different theoretical perspective?
2. Describe the role of teacher in teaching learning situations:
a) Transmitter of knowledge
b) model
c) facilitator
d) negotiator
e) co-learner
 Learning Outcomes

Students have understood

•Various theories and role of learner,
• Role of teacher in various teaching learning situation.

SELO
Students will be able to apply all discussed teaching learning situations
while practicing.
<References>

1. S K Mangal; Learning and Teaching, Shipra Publication.

2. S B Sharma: Learning and Teaching, H P Bhargava
3.
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/pte/theory/studrole.htm#:~:text
=The%20role%20of%20the%20learner%20is%20also%20to,maste
red%20the%20learning%20process%20%28Joyce%20and%20Weil
%2C%201966%29.