15AU0YA

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
Unit 3
BRAKES
Topic 03
Unit.3 BRAKES (9 Hours)
1. Service Brakes function, internal expanding brakes, shoes
and lining material, properties,
2. Hydraulic braking system, brake oil, bleeding of brakes,
3. Pneumatic braking system and vacuum brakes,
4. Auxiliary brakes- exhaust brakes, parking brake, Power
assisted brakes.
 Objective Oriented Learning Process Format RBT (OLF)
Branch: Automobile Engineering Semester: VIII
Subject code & Title : 15AU0YA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Unit/Lesson No.:3/3
T-L tools: Black Board, Power Point and Video Faculty name: Raja.T

Alpha Breathing
MICRO PLANNING
Evocation
3% 5% General Objective
11%
5% Specific Objective
5%
Key Diagrams
3%
Discussion
8% Mind Map
38% Summary
5%
5% Stimulating Questions
9% FA 1
5%
Prerequisite Knowledge: FA 2
Basics of Automobile
Queries
1. Evocation:
Topic: 02
Pneumatic braking system and vacuum brakes
1.1.General Objective
• Apply the Pneumatic braking system and vacuum brakes
1.2.Specific Objectives
• SO1 Illustrate functions of the Pneumatic braking system. (U/C)
• SO2 Interpret vacuum brakes . (U/C)
• SO3 Demonstrate the construction and working of Pneumatic braking
system. (Ap/C)
Brake
• A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing
energy from a moving system.
• It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to
prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction
Requirements of Braking System
• Decelerate in a controlled repeatable manner
• Help maintain constant speed down hill
• Hold vehicle stationary on a flat or on a gradient
• Slippery, wet and dry roads
• Rough or smooth road
• Split friction surfaces
• Straight line braking or when braking on a curve
• Wet or dry brakes
• New or worn linings
• Laden or unladen vehicle
• Vehicle pulling a trailer or caravan
• Frequent or infrequent applications of short or lengthy duration
• High or low rates of deceleration
• Skilled or unskilled drivers
Drum Brake
Hydraulic Brakes
Brake bleeding
Pneumatic braking system and vacuum brakes
Air compressor:
• Air compressor is the main part of any air brake system it is powered
by the engine using belt drives. It compresses the atmospheric air up
to the desired pressure and transfers it into the storage tank.
Storage tank:
• It stores the compressed atmospheric air at high pressure. It is also a
necessary part of the air brake system because compressed air is
responsible for the whole operation. Breaks can be applied several
times during running of an automobile so compressor alone is not
able to perform this tasks that’s why air storage reservoir required.
Brake pedal:
• Brake pedal is the input to the brake mechanism. It is operated by the
driver inside the automobile. The brake pedal is kind of mechanical
linkage which transfers input motion to the further mechanism and
initiate the brake application.
Brake actuator:
• Brake actuator is the piston-cylinder arrangement which is directly
linked with the brake pedal. When the brake pedal is pressed it
creates the pressure in the whole assembly.
Safety valve:
• Safety valve a safety component which is attached to the air storage
tank. It prevents the bursting of the tank due to excessive pressure
because air compressor works continuously and supplies compressed
air into the tank. Air is released by the safety valve when the air
pressure reaches a certain value.
Air filter and dryer:
• Air filter and dryer are the two major components which are used
before the air enters into the air compressor. As the name implies air
filter is used to remove the dust particle from the atmospheric air
whereas dryer removes the moisture and humidity from the inlet air.
It is necessary that only dry air enters into the air compressor because
moisture content will lead to failure of braking system due to the
condensation of the water particles.
Dirt collector:
• Dirt collector is the small device used before the triplet valve. It is
used to collect the dirt particles separated by the air filter.
Brake drums:
• Brake drum is the parts which execute the brakes. It is the
last part of the brake assembly. It is mounted on the tyres of
the automobiles.
Breaking lines:
• Breaking lines are also known as the supply lines. The transfer of
compressed air from the reservoir to brake drum is done by breaking
lines only.
• Triple valve:
• Triplet valve is responsible for the whole operation in air brakes. To
apply and release the brake a continuous apply and releasing
mechanism is required which is done by the triple valve. When the
brake pedal is pressed it applies the pressure whereas when the pedal
is released it releases the pressure immediately
Working:
• Working of the air brake system is very simple. With the help of above
components, we easily understand the working of the air brake
system. The working of air brake system is described in sequence as
follow:
• The working of air brakes starts with the air compressor. It is the main
component of the whole system. Air compressor directly powered by the
engine. It compresses the atmospheric air and then transfers it into the
storage tank.
• Air firstly passes through the air filter and dryer before entering into the
compressor. Air filter removes the dust particles from the air make air pure
and dryer removes moisture content from the air.
• The main working of the braking system starts when the passenger
sitting in the vehicle presses the brake pedal, the pedal is directly
attached with the actuators having a piston-cylinder arrangement.
• After pressing the pedal piston compresses the air due to this
pressure in the assembly increases. The outlet port of the triplet valve
is closed this time and inlet port opens after that compressed air from
the reservoir enters into the braking lines.
• These braking lines directly link with the brake drum which has a
piston-cylinder arrangement. As the pressure in the braking lines
increases the pistons in the brake drum start moving outwards and
apply force on the brake shoes which creates the friction force
between the brake shoes and brake drum. This operation stops or
slows down the vehicle.
• To run the vehicle again releases the brake pedal due to this the
outlet port of the triplet valve becomes open and inlet ports become
close due to this the air is released from the braking line and the
brake shoes between the brake drum come again to their initial
position with the application of spring.