01-17 Frequency Hopping

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem
BSS Feature Description 17 Frequency Hopping
17 Frequency Hopping
About This Chapter
17.1 Overview
This describes the definition of frequency hopping and the purposes of using it in the GSM.
Frequency hopping is the technique that allows the transmit frequencies to vary within the
allocated frequency spectrum based on a sequence. The frequency hopping has the features such
as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security.
17.2 Availability
This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of frequency hopping.
17.3 Impact
This describes the impact of frequency hopping on voice quality and data services.
17.4 Technical Description
This describes the principles, category, and parameters of frequency hopping. The frequency
hopping technique can help decrease the influence of Rayleigh attenuation and increase the anti-
interference capability of the system. There are two types of frequency hopping in terms of
frequency varying speed: slow frequency hopping and fast frequency hopping.
17.5 Capabilities
This describes the capabilities of frequency hopping. The signal gain achieved through frequency
hopping is generally 2–3 dB.
17.6 Implementation
This describes how to configure frequency hopping.
17.7 Maintenance Information
This lists the alarms related to frequency hopping.
17.8 References
Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-1

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
17 Frequency Hopping BSS Feature Description
17.1 Overview
This describes the definition of frequency hopping and the purposes of using it in the GSM.
Frequency hopping is the technique that allows the transmit frequencies to vary within the
allocated frequency spectrum based on a sequence. The frequency hopping has the features such
as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security.
Definition
A carrier frequency implemented with frequency hopping feature can hop to any frequency
within a specified frequency band based on a sequence.
Frequency hopping minimizes the interference on a radio channel from a single interference
source. Thus, it is widely used in telecommunications system with its features such as anti-
interference, anti-attenuation, and high security.
Purposes
The application of frequency hopping in the GSM enhances the anti-interference capability and
increases the capacity of the system.
Terms
None.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms or Abbreviations Full Spelling
SFH Slow Frequency Hopping
SFH Synthesized Frequency Hopping
BFH Baseband Frequency Hopping
FER Frame Error Rate
CA Cell Allocation
FN Frame Number
MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset
HSN Hopping Sequence Number
MA Mobile Allocation
17.2 Availability
This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of frequency hopping.
17-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Network Elements Involved

Table 17-1 lists the network elements involved in frequency hopping.
Table 17-1 NEs involved in frequency hopping

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
√ √ √ - - - - -
NOTE
l –: not involved
l √: involved
Software Releases
Table 17-2 describes the versions of GBSS products that support frequency hopping.
Table 17-2 GBSS products and software versions

Product Version
BSC BSC6000 V900R003C01 and later releases
BTS DTRU BTS3012 BTS3000V100R001C01 and later releases
BTS3012AE BTS3000V100R001C04 and later releases
BTS3006C BTS3000V100R002C01 and later releases
BTS3.0 BTS312 G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases
BTS30 G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases
BTS3012A G3BTS32V302R002C06 and later releases
BTS3006A G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases
BTS3002C G3BTS36.30000.01.0820A and later releases
Miscellaneous
None
17.3 Impact
This describes the impact of frequency hopping on voice quality and data services.

Impact on Voice Quality

The introduction of frequency diversity gain and interference averaging in the frequency hopping
mode can effectively improve voice quality. In frequency-restricted networks, the application
of frequency hopping can help simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity.
Impact on Data Services

Frequency hopping technique has a negative impact on data services, especially in the high data
rate schemes such as CS3–4 and MCS5–9.
Impact on Other Features

None.
17.4 Technical Description

This describes the principles, category, and parameters of frequency hopping. The frequency
hopping technique can help decrease the influence of Rayleigh attenuation and increase the anti-
interference capability of the system. There are two types of frequency hopping in terms of
frequency varying speed: slow frequency hopping and fast frequency hopping.
17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

This describes the principle of frequency hopping. As signal attenuation varies with frequency
spacing, the application of frequency hopping can minimize the impact of Rayleigh attenuation.
17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping
This describes the categories of frequency hopping. Generally, there are two types of frequency
hopping: fast frequency hopping and slow frequency hopping. The GSM system requires that a
carrier frequency remains unchanged during a burst period. Thus, the frequency hopping in GSM
is a slow frequency hopping.
17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping
This describes the parameters related to frequency hopping. These parameters specify the carrier
frequency used by each timeslot.
17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

This describes the principle of frequency hopping. As signal attenuation varies with frequency
spacing, the application of frequency hopping can minimize the impact of Rayleigh attenuation.
Frequency hopping can minimize the varying signal strength impact caused by multipath
propagation. This feature is equal to that achieved through frequency diversity. In mobile
telecommunications, the radio signals in transmission might vary abruptly in a short period due
to the impact of Rayleigh attenuation. The varying of the radio signals is frequency dependent.
As the difference of frequencies increases, the attenuation becomes more independent. Take the
frequency band allocated for mobile telecommunications for example. Basically, 200 kHz of
frequency spacing can guarantee the irrelevancy of attenuation within the frequencies, while 2
MHz of frequency spacing can fully guarantee the irrelevancy of attenuation within the
frequencies.
The application of frequency hopping prevents all the bursts that carry the bits within one speech
frame from being damaged by Rayleigh attenuation in the same manner, as shown in Figure
17-1.

Figure 17-1 Attenuation model
Level for receiving signals
Distance
The frequency hopping technique has the following features:

l The signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is concerned with the environment,
especially with the moving speed of an MS.
– When the MS moves at high speed, the location change of any two bursts within a
channel is affected by other attenuation. The faster the MS moves, the lower the signal
gain is achieved.
– For large number of slowly moving MSs, frequency diversity is a better choice.
l The signal gain achieved by frequency hopping is also concerned with the available
frequencies. As the number of frequencies decreases, the signal gain achieved also
decreases.
Actually, frequency hopping is a pseudo frequency spreading technique; that is, the signal
gain achieved through frequency hopping is equal to the signal gain processed after the
frequency band that carries the valid signals is spread.
When testing the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping, different C/I ratios is
specified for the frequencies allocated for a transmitter, given the Frame Error Rate (FER)
is the same. The difference between these C/I ratios is the signal gain achieved through
frequency hopping.
l Frequency hopping provides interference offset along the transmission path. This prevents
all the bursts that contain the bits from being damaged by the interference in the same
manner.
– The application of error-correction coding and interleaving technique enables a receiver
to reassemble the original data from the received data stream.
– If the interference is narrowband distributed, frequency hopping can achieve some
signal gain.
– If the interference is broadband distributed and all the bursts are damaged, the original
data cannot be reassembled and no signal gain is achieved.
NOTE
The interference is generally narrowband distributed in the existing networks.
In the frequency hopping mode, there might be cases where the Bit Error Rate (BER) increases,
whereas you feel that the speech quality is improved. The improving of speech quality is caused
by the improved FER specification as the BER increases.

17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping

This describes the categories of frequency hopping. Generally, there are two types of frequency
hopping: fast frequency hopping and slow frequency hopping. The GSM system requires that a
carrier frequency remains unchanged during a burst period. Thus, the frequency hopping in GSM
is a slow frequency hopping.
In terms of time, frequency hopping is classified into the following types:
l Frame frequency hopping

In frame frequency hopping, the carrier frequencies change with every TDMA frame while
the carrier frequency assigned for the eight timeslots of the TDMA frame remains
unchanged. The BCCH TRX does not use the frequency hopping mechanism in this mode.
l Timeslot frequency hopping
In timeslot frequency hopping, the carrier frequency changes with every timeslot of a
TDMA frame. The TCHs of the BCCH TRX can use the frequency hopping mechanism
in this mode.
In terms of TRX implementation, frequency hopping is classified into the following types:
l RF frequency hopping
In RF frequency hopping, the carrier frequencies for the transmitter and receiver of TRX
participate in frequency hopping. The carrier frequencies assigned for frequency hopping
in a cell are specified by the hopping sequence. The number of carrier frequencies assigned
for frequency hopping can exceed the number of TRXs assigned for the cell.
l Baseband frequency hopping
In baseband frequency hopping, the carrier frequency assigned for the transmitter of the
TRX does not participate in frequency hopping and remains unchanged. The transmit
frequency hopping is achieved with the switching of baseband signals among different
TRXs. The receiver of the TRX, however, must participate in frequency hopping. The
carrier frequency assigned for the receiver changes with the carrier frequency used by an
MS. The number of carrier frequencies assigned for frequency hopping in a cell cannot
exceed the number of TRXs assigned for the cell.
Irrespective of the frequency hopping mode adopted on the network side, the carrier frequency
assigned for the transmitter of the TRX and that assigned for the receiver of the TRX must remain
consistent in terms of the MS. The carrier frequency assigned for each burst can change.
NOTE
In RF frequency hopping, the carrier frequency assigned for the transmitter of the TRX varies with each
burst. Thus, the tuning of the RF front-end device must match the varying speed of the carrier frequencies.
An alternative broadband device can be used in this case. The DFCU (cavity combiner) is a narrowband
combiner and its tuning speed cannot keep up with the varying speed of the carrier frequencies assigned
for the TRX. Thus, only baseband frequency hopping, instead of RF frequency hopping, can be used for
the DFCU.
17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping

This describes the parameters related to frequency hopping. These parameters specify the carrier
frequency used by each timeslot.
The parameters related to frequency hopping are as follows:
l Cell Allocation table (CA)

CA table collects all the ARFCNs assigned for the cells.

l TDMA Frame Number (FN)
FN is broadcast on the SCH. The MS synchronizes with the BTS by monitoring the FN (0–
2715647).
l Mobile Allocation table (MA)
MA is a subset of CA. It is a frequency sequence set used for the MS frequency hopping.
The MA table comprises N frequency sequences, where 1 ≤ N ≤ 64.
l Mobile Allocation Index (MAI) (0 to N-1)
MAI specifies an element in the MA table. In other words, the carrier frequency actually
used is specified by the MAI.
l Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO) (0 to N-1)
In mobile telecommunications, the radio frequency sequence adopted on the Um interface
is an element in the MA table.
MAIO is an initial offset of the MAI. It is used to prevent multiple channels from gaining
access to one TRX at the same time.
l Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) (0–63)
The carrier frequencies hop along the time, controlled by a sequence called HSN. One
hopping sequence is a queue of the N carrier frequencies computed through certain
algorithms, given the HSN, MAIO, and FN. Different channels allocated on different
timeslots can use the same hopping sequence. Different channels allocated on the same
timeslots of the same cell use different MAIOs.
HSN=0 means cyclic hopping and HSN≠0 means pseudorandom hopping.
17.5 Capabilities
This describes the capabilities of frequency hopping. The signal gain achieved through frequency
hopping is generally 2–3 dB.
The uplink and downlink signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is symmetrical. The
signal gain achieved through frequency hopping varies a little with the antennas having diversity
receiver feature. Generally, the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is regarded as
2–3 dB.
17.6 Implementation
This describes how to configure frequency hopping.
17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to RF FH to achieve frequency
reuse and interference averaging.
17.6.2 Changing None FH to Baseband FH
This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to baseband FH to achieve
frequency reuse and interference averaging.
17.6.3 Changing RF FH to Baseband FH
This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH to optimize
network performance.

17.6.4 Changing Baseband FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to RF FH to optimize
17.6.5 Changing RF FH to None FH
This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to none FH to optimize network
performance.
17.6.6 Changing Baseband FH to None FH
This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to none FH to optimize
17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to RF FH to achieve frequency
reuse and interference averaging.
Scenario Network optimization

Impact After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS
FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source.
Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is
widely used in telecommunications.
In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech
quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve
system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a
negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3–CS4 and
MCS5–MCS9, FH may be harmful.
In RF FH mode, the TX frequencies and RX frequencies of each TRX may change. Both the
TX frequencies and the RX frequencies of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of
frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of
frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell.
In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of
the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband
device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the
changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead
of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l The LMT runs normally.
l The communication between the LMT and the BSC is normal.
l The communication between the BTS and the BSC is normal.
Preparation
Table 17-3 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change none FH to RF FH.

Table 17-3 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH

Category Source Description
FH Mode Network FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None
planning FH.
TRXs The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs.
Frequencies The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than

the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-4 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH.
Table 17-4 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH
Category Original Configuration Data Modified Configuration Data
FH Mode None FH RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)
TRXs l TRX 1 l TRX 1

l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12

Frequencies l Frequencies of cell 3012-1: l MA of cell 3012-1:

– 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
l Frequencies of cell 3012-2: l MA of cell 3012-2:
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click the target cell. A shortcut menu is
displayed, as shown in Figure 17-2.
Figure 17-2 Choosing Configure Cell Attributes
Step 2 Choose Configure Cell Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-3.

Figure 17-3 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box
Step 3 Add the cell from the Cell view list box to the Selected cells list box, as shown in Figure
17-4.
Figure 17-4 Selecting a cell
Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-5.

Figure 17-5 Set Cell Attributes dialog box
Step 5 Select 3012-1 from the Cells to be set list box, and then click Set Cell Properties. A dialog box
is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-6.

Step 6 Click Frequency Hopping. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-7.

Figure 17-7 Configuring FH attributes
Step 7 Select RF FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure
17-8.
Figure 17-8 Selecting the RF FH mode
Step 8 Click Configure MA Group. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-9.

Figure 17-9 Configuring cell MA group attributes
NOTE
In RF FH mode, one cell is usually configured with only one MA group.
Step 9 Click OK to finish the configuration of cell MA group attributes and return to the dialog box
shown in Figure 17-8.
Step 10 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in
Figure 17-6.
Step 11 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box

Figure 17-10 Configuring BTS equipment
Step 13 Click Finish.

NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-2 or cell 3012-4 is the same as that of cell 3012-1.
----End
17.6.2 Changing None FH to Baseband FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to baseband FH to achieve
frequency reuse and interference averaging.

In baseband FH mode, the TX frequencies do not participate in FH and remain unchanged. The
TX FH is achieved through the switch of baseband signals between different TRXs. The RX
frequencies must participate in RF FH. The RX frequencies change with the frequencies used

by the current MS. The number of frequencies participating in FH in a cell should not exceed
the number of TRXs in the cell.
of RF FH.
Prerequisite
Preparation
Table 17-5 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change none FH to baseband
FH.
Table 17-5 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH
planning FH.

Table 17-6 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH.
Table 17-6 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH
FH Mode None FH Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0,

1, 2)


l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12
Frequenci l Frequencies of cell 3012-1: l MA of cell 3012-1:

es – 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure

17-13.



Step 7 Select Baseband FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown
in Figure 17-17.
Figure 17-17 Selecting the baseband FH mode
NOTE
During this operation, a dialog box is displayed, asking you to decide whether to allow the BCCH frequency
to participate in baseband FH. Select Yes.

NOTE
l Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group. In baseband FH mode, two
MA groups must be configured if the BCCH frequency joins in baseband FH.
l Under normal conditions, use the default settings.
Figure 17-15.


NOTE
----End
17.6.3 Changing RF FH to Baseband FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH to optimize

TX and RX of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is
defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in
FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell.

of RF FH.
Prerequisite
Preparation
Table 17-7 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change RF FH to baseband
FH.
Table 17-7 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH

planning FH.

Table 17-8 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH.
Table 17-8 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH
FH Mode RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2) Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1,

2)


l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12

– 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure

17-22.



Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. An information box is displayed, as shown
in Figure 17-26.
Figure 17-26 Information box
NOTE
Before changing the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH or from baseband FH to RF FH, you
must set the FH mode of the cell to None FH.
Step 8 Click OK. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-27.

Figure 17-27 Reconfiguring FH attributes
NOTE
You need to reassign frequencies for all the TRXs except the TRX carrying the BCCH.
Step 9 Double-click TRX 2. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-28.
Figure 17-28 Configuring TRX attributes
Step 10 Select a frequency from the Available Frequencies list box and add it to the Assigned
Frequencies list box, as shown in Figure 17-29.

Figure 17-29 Assigning a frequency to TRX 2
Step 11 Click OK. TRX 2 is assigned a frequency. Use the same method to assign frequencies 13, 16,
and 19 to TRX 4, TRX 6, and TRX 8 respectively. Figure 17-30 shows the dialog box after the
frequencies are assigned.
Figure 17-30 Assigning frequencies completed
Step 12 Select Baseband FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown
in Figure 17-31.

NOTE
During this operation, a dialog box is displayed, asking you to decide whether to allow the BCCH frequency
to participate in baseband FH. Select Yes.
Figure 17-31 Configuring attributes of baseband FH
NOTE
Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group.

Figure 17-24.
Step 17 In the dialog box shown in Figure 17-23, select 3012-2 and change the FH mode of 3012-2 from
RF FH to Baseband FH using the same method as changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 from RF FH to Baseband FH is the same as that
for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
Step 18 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Next in the dialog box
shown in Figure 17-23. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-33.
----End
17.6.4 Changing Baseband FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to RF FH to optimize


TX and RX of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is
defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in
FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell.
of RF FH.
Prerequisite
Preparation
Table 17-9 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change baseband FH to RF
FH.
Table 17-9 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH

planning FH.

Table 17-10 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH.

Table 17-10 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH
FH Mode Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)

0, 1, 2)

l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12

– 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure

17-36.



Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in
Figure 17-40.
Figure 17-40 Changing to none FH mode
NOTE
Before changing the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH or from baseband FH to RF FH, you
must set the FH mode of the cell to None FH.
Step 8 Select RF FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure
17-41.

Figure 17-41 Configuring attributes of RF FH
NOTE
Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group.
Figure 17-38.


NOTE
----End
17.6.5 Changing RF FH to None FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to none FH to optimize network
performance.


TX frequencies and the RX frequencies of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of
frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of
frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell.
of RF FH.
Prerequisite
Preparation
Table 17-11 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change RF FH to none FH.
Table 17-11 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH

planning FH.

Table 17-12 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH.
Table 17-12 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH
FH Mode RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2) None FH


l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12

– 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure

17-46.



Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. An information box is displayed, as shown
in Figure 17-50.
Figure 17-50 Information box
Step 8 Click OK. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-51.

Figure 17-51 Reconfiguring FH attributes
NOTE
You need to reassign frequencies for all the TRXs except the TRX carrying the BCCH.
Step 9 Double-click TRX 2. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-52.
Figure 17-52 Configuring TRX attributes
Step 10 Select a frequency from the Available Frequencies list box and add it to the Assigned
Frequencies list box, as shown in Figure 17-53.

Figure 17-53 Assigning a frequency to TRX 2
Step 11 Click OK. TRX 2 is assigned a frequency. Use the same method to assign frequencies 13, 16,
and 19 to TRX 4, TRX 6, and TRX 8 respectively. Figure 17-54 shows the dialog box after the
frequencies are assigned.
Figure 17-54 Assigning frequencies completed
Figure 17-48.

Step 13 Click OK to finish changing the FH mode and return to the dialog box shown in Figure
17-47.
Step 14 Select 3012-2 from the Cells to be set list box and modify the FH mode of cell 3012-2 by using
the same method as modifying the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 is the same as that for changing the FH mode of
cell 3012-1.
Step 15 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Finish in the dialog
box shown in Figure 17-47.
----End
17.6.6 Changing Baseband FH to None FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to none FH to optimize

of RF FH.
Prerequisite

Preparation
Table 17-13 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change baseband FH to none
FH.
Table 17-13 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH
planning FH.

Table 17-14 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH.
Table 17-14 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH
FH Mode Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, None FH

1, 2)

l TRX 2 l TRX 2
l TRX 3 l TRX 3
l TRX 4 l TRX 4
l TRX 5 l TRX 5
l TRX 6 l TRX 6
l TRX 7 l TRX 7
l TRX 8 l TRX 8
l TRX 9 l TRX 9
l TRX 10 l TRX 10
l TRX 11 l TRX 11
l TRX 12 l TRX 12


– 0 – 0
– 10 – 10
– 13 – 13
– 16 – 16
– 19 – 19
– 11 – 11
– 14 – 14
– 17 – 17
– 20 – 20
– 12 – 12
– 15 – 15
– 18 – 18
– 21 – 21
Procedure

17-57.



Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in
Figure 17-61.
Figure 17-61 Changing to none FH mode
Figure 17-59.
Step 10 Select 3012-2 from the Cells to be set list box and modify the FH mode of cell 3012-2 by using
the same method as modifying the FH mode of cell 3012-1.

NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 is the same as that for changing the FH mode of
cell 3012-1.
Step 11 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Finish in the dialog
box shown in Figure 17-58.
----End
17.7 Maintenance Information

This lists the alarms related to frequency hopping.
Alarms
Table 17-15 lists the alarms related to frequency hopping.
Table 17-15 Alarms

Alarm ID Alarm Name
403 Baseband FH Mutual Aid in a Cell
404 Switchback after Baseband FH Mutual Aid in a Cell
Counters
None.
17.8 References
GSM 05.02 / ETS 300 908

Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path


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01-17 Frequency Hopping

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem

BSS Feature Description 17 Frequency Hopping

About This Chapter

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-1

Acronyms and Abbreviations

SFH Slow Frequency Hopping

SFH Synthesized Frequency Hopping

BFH Baseband Frequency Hopping

FER Frame Error Rate

MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset

HSN Hopping Sequence Number

17-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Network Elements Involved

Table 17-1 NEs involved in frequency hopping

Table 17-2 GBSS products and software versions

BSC BSC6000 V900R003C01 and later releases

BTS DTRU BTS3012 BTS3000V100R001C01 and later releases

BTS3012AE BTS3000V100R001C04 and later releases

BTS3006C BTS3000V100R002C01 and later releases

BTS3.0 BTS312 G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases

BTS30 G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases

BTS3012A G3BTS32V302R002C06 and later releases

BTS3006A G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases

BTS3002C G3BTS36.30000.01.0820A and later releases

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-3

Impact on Voice Quality

Impact on Data Services

Impact on Other Features

17.4 Technical Description

17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

17-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Figure 17-1 Attenuation model

Level for receiving signals

The frequency hopping technique has the following features:

The interference is generally narrowband distributed in the existing networks.

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-5

17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping

In terms of time, frequency hopping is classified into the following types:

l Frame frequency hopping

17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping

The parameters related to frequency hopping are as follows:

l Cell Allocation table (CA)

17-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

CA table collects all the ARFCNs assigned for the cells.

17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-7

17.6.4 Changing Baseband FH to RF FH

17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

Scenario Network optimization

17-8 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Table 17-3 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH

TRXs The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs.

Frequencies The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than

FH Mode None FH RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)

TRXs l TRX 1 l TRX 1

Issue 03 (2008-01-25) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17-9

Category Original Configuration Data Modified Configuration Data

Frequencies l Frequencies of cell 3012-1: l MA of cell 3012-1:

Figure 17-2 Choosing Configure Cell Attributes

17-10 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 03 (2008-01-25)

Figure 17-3 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box

Figure 17-4 Selecting a cell

Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-5.