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ID PGGI, JKT, 2020

DETAILED DESIGN - PRIMARY

Grounding System
UA, ENG
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Contents

§ Grounding design

February 17, 2020 Slide 2

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Dangerous exposure : touch voltage

§ Body resistance (Rb), generally 1000 ohm.

February 17, 2020 Slide 3

—
Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Dangerous exposure : touch voltage

§ Tollerable body current (Ib),

generally 50-500mA.
§ Body current versus times,
Biegelmeier’s Z curve

February 17, 2020 Slide 4

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Dangerous exposure : step voltage

§ The flow of current to earth will produce potential gradients

within and around a substation

February 17, 2020 Slide 5

—
Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Dangerous exposure : step voltage

§ Body current (Ib) can flow

due to different potential
between F1 and F2 positions.
§ Rf is the foot resistance on a
thin layer of surface
materials.
§ The current through the
body will be lowered
considerably with the
addition of the surface
material because of the
greater contact resistance
between the earth and the
feet

February 17, 2020 Slide 6

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Dangerous exposure : touch and step voltage

February 17, 2020 Slide 7

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Ground fault distribution

February 17, 2020 Slide 8

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Material selection

§ Copper is a common material used for grounding systems. Copper

conductors, in addition to their high conductivity, have the advantage of
being resistant to most underground corrosion because copper is cathodic
with respect to most other metals that are likely to be buried in the vicinity.
§ Copper-clad and copper-plated steel usually are common materials used for
underground rods and occasionally for grounding grids systems, especially
where theft is a problem.
§ Steel or tinned copper may be used for grid or stainless steel conductors and
ground rods may be used in applications where the soil conditions may be
detrimental to copper. Of course, such a design requires that attention is
paid to the corrosion of the steel or stainless steel. Use of a galvanized or
corrosion resistant zinc coated steel or stainless steel, in combination with
cathodic protection, is typical for steel grounding systems

February 17, 2020 Slide 9

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Designing a Switchgear Installation
1. Grounding Design

Design procedure

February 17, 2020 Slide 10