Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CABUYAO
GULOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- MAMATID EXTENSION
BRGY. MAMATID, CITY OF CABUYAO, LAGUNA

Science 8 (WEEK 4)
LESSON 1: THE EARTH
You learned how faults are found not only on land but also in the bodies of water. When a fault at the
bottom of the sea suddenly moves, the water above it can be affected. A sudden push from an underwater
fault can produce a wave called a tsunami.
Unlike a wave that is formed by the wind, a tsunami is so much more powerful. Wind waves are just
sea-surface waves. In comparison, a tsunami involves the whole depth of the sea, from the seafloor to the
surface.
Far from the shore, a tsunami is low, maybe just a meter high. But it travels at the speed of a jet plane.
When the tsunami reaches the shore, it slows down but it grows in height.
So, how are earthquakes related to tsunamis? When a fault suddenly moves on land, you experience an
earthquake. But if a fault suddenly moves in or near a body of water, you may experience a tsunami in addition
to the earthquake.
Thus, when you are near the sea and you feel a strong earthquake, treat
that as a warning signal. Run to the highest place you can find, or if you have a vehicle, evacuate inland. Not
every fault movement beneath the sea will produce a tsunami. Those faults that move in a horizontal direction
or sideways will not result in a tsunami. The fault has to move in the vertical direction.

In this lesson, you will learn how earthquake waves that provide information about the interior of the
earth.

Body waves refer to the vibrations that travel through the interior of the earth. The two types of body waves are
primary waves or P waves and secondary waves or S waves. P waves push rocks in the direction they are
travelling and they travel in all states of matter while S waves displace rocks at right angles to the direction
they are travelling. S waves cannot pass through liquids. Surface waves refer to vibrations that travel at the
surface of the earth. They can also travel at the surface of the mantle and core. The two types of surface
waves are the Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Surface waves cause the damage incurred during an
earthquake.

Seismic Waves provide information about the interior of the Earth

P waves travel through solids and liquids, but they travel faster through solids. Changes in the speed of
earthquake vibrations give scientists an idea of the physical properties of various depths of the earth’s interior.
Refer to the diagram above. The lithosphere, composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is
solid. Seismic waves travel fast through this rocky sphere. Below the lithosphere, the seismic waves slow down.
This observation indicates a very high temperature that melts rocks, making the molten behave like a
fluid. Scientists call this region of the mantle asthenosphere. Below the asthenosphere, seismic waves travel
fast againindicating that the lower part of the mantle is solid. It is probably the very high pressure that keeps it
solid in spite of the high temperature. A similar phenomenon is observed in the core. Seismic waves travel
slowly through the outer core indicating that it is molten due to the extremely high temperature. Then again the
inner core is solid in spite of the very high temperature. Most probably, the very high pressure in the deepest
part of the earth keeps it solid.
Learning Task 1: Using the given organizer, write the necessary information to complete the
concept about seismic waves. Do this in your answer sheet.

Learning Task 2: Prepare a basin with half-filled water and stone. Drop a stone into the basin and
observe what will happen. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

1. What happens when you drop the stone?

2. What causes the ripples to form?

3. How far does the ripple continue?

REFERENCES: PIVOT4A Learner’s Material- Quarter 2 Science 9

Prepared by: Checked by: Noted by:

CATHERINE M. NARVAEZ CATHERINE M. NARVAEZ MA. NIÑA S. GACHE

TEACHER I SCIENCE COORDINATOR OFFICER-IN-CHARGE
REFERENCES:

Prepared by: Checked by: Noted by:

__________________ CATHERINE M. NARVAEZ MA. NIÑA S. GACHE

SCIENCE COORDINATOR OFFICER-IN-CHARGE