Linköping University

TMMV12
Dept. of Management and Engineering (IEI)
Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Examination in:
Gas Turbine Engines (TMMV12)

Solutions for TMMV12 Examination Aug. 20, 2016

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Linköping University
TMMV12
Dept. of Management and Engineering (IEI)
Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Questions

1. Compressors used in gas turbines have to be in air and on ground, despite their high complex-
ity, very efficient and reliable. Therefore extensive knowledge of the compressor physics and
limitations are of most importance for an gas turbine engineer.

(a) Name the two types of turbo-machineries which are used to increase air pressure. Which
type generate under similar boundary conditions a higher pressure per stage and why?
See book chapter 12 and 14 (4P)
(b) Under which thermodynamic processes is air most efficient compressed and a maximum
of work done in compression? However, why is the most efficient thermodynamic process
not-practicable? Motivate your answers! See book ”Thermal-Fluid Sciences” (6P)
(c) Name the three mechanism which are typical used to control a compressors efficiency and
stability. See lecture and course book (3P)
(d) What is a rotating stall and under which conditions it can occur? See book chapter
13.14.4 (3P)

Figure 1: Siemens SGT 800 Industrial Gas Turbine

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Linköping University
TMMV12
Dept. of Management and Engineering (IEI)
Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

2. Any kind of gas turbine manufacture, stationary or flying, is aiming for a maximum of efficiency
and power output of its engines. To achieve that their engineers need a basic understanding
of performance influencing physics and parameters.

(a) Figure 2 shows the power output of a stationary gas turbine over outside air temper-
ature. Explain the reason for the presented power drop of the engine and, using an
Enthalpy/Entropy diagram, how the thermodynamic cycle change. See lecture: ”Tur-
bine Cooling” (2P)
(b) How is the compressor performance of a gas turbine influenced by outside air temperature?
Sketch a compressor map and show how the operational line of the compressor shift with
increasing temperature. Motivate your answer. See lecture: ”Combustion” (3P)
(c) In figure 2 you also see that the power output is increased with increasing air humidity.
Explain the physical reason for this rise in gas turbine performance. Do you know a
typical method used to increase stationary gas turbine power performance which is based
on the same physical reasons like the one responsible in Figure 2? Where in the world is
this method probably most often applied? See lecture: ”Gas Turbine Performance”
(4P)
(d) Which of the following engines: Turbo-Jet, Turbo-Prop, and Turbo-Fan has the best
Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption? Sort the engines according their TSFC and motivate
your answer! See lecture: ”Material and Structure” (2P)
(e) Name two parameters which influence the thrust performance of a jet engine during flight
when constant thrust is applied? In addition, explain how each of this two parameter
influence thrust performance. See lecture: ”See Lab Tasks” (4P)

Figure 2: Power output of a stationary gas turbine

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Linköping University
TMMV12
Dept. of Management and Engineering (IEI)
Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

3. A well designed combustion chamber and process can not only increase the efficiency of a
gas turbine but also decrease the environmental impact. For this reason it is of most impor-
tance that prospective gas turbine engineers have a good overview about the functionality of
combustion chambers.
(a) Name two advantages and two disadvantages of an annular combustion chamber. See
book chapter 10.2.3 (4P)
(b) Name three different types of cooling systems which are used to protect a combustion of
the high thermal heat load which occurs during operation. See lecture: ”Combustion”
(3P)
(c) The combustion chamber is normally divided in two different zones. Name them and
explain short what happen in each of these zones?. See book chapter 10.4 (4P)
(d) Explain shortly what is expressed by the terms ”reaction rate” and ”stoichiometric”
quantity?. In addition, mention which two parameters influencing most the reaction rate
and what are the two main limiting parameter? See book chapter 10.5 (6P)
(e) Can you name three types of combustion disturbances which can occur in gas turbine
combustion chambers? See lecture: ”Combustion” (3P)

Figure 3: Longitudinal section of a SGT-750