SWITCHING SCHEMES

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 1

 Switching Schemes
Main components of Sub Station

1) Bus Bars and supports

2) Circuit Breakers

3) Isolators

4) Current transformers & CVTs

5) Lightning arresters

6) Transformers / Reactors

7) Protective relays
Bus bar Switching scheme

Factors dictate choice of bus switching scheme

1) Reliability
No Power interruption during Bus fault

2) CB Maintenance
No Power interruption during CB maintenance. Taking out
CB for maintenance shall be easy

3) Bus Bar Maintenance

No Power interruption during Bus bar maintenance

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 3

4) Simplicity of protection arrangements
Protection arrangements shall be simple for easy
commissioning and regular checking

5) Ease of Extension
Extension of Bus bar necessary to take of care of future
expansion. Power interruption during such extension works.

6) Cost
Optimal techno-economic solution

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 4

 Single Bus Bar

CB CB CB CB

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 5

Single bus bar

Advantage  Least cost

Disadvantages

1) Bus fault will create total outage of the station

2) Bus maintenance will create total outage of the station

3) No station extension works without complete shutdown

4) CB shut down will create outage of the element (line or

transformer)

For use only where loads can be disconnected or supplied

from another sub-station

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 6

 Single bus bar with sectionalizer

CB

CB CB CB CB

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 7

 Double Bus Bar scheme

Bus I

Bus II

CB

Bus Coupler
CB CB

Incoming Line Outgoing Line

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 8
Double Bus Bar scheme

Advantages

1) High flexibility, each bus bar can be isolated for maintenance

2) Bus fault cannot lead to total outage of the station
3) Two buses can be individually operated in case of island
operations

Disadvantages

Breaker mtce. will result in outage of the line / equipment

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 9

Double Bus Bar arrangement at Kayamkulam GIS Station

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Double Bus Double Breaker scheme

In this scheme another CB provided in parallel

and the scheme is called Double Bus Double Breaker

This scheme is unpopular due to high cost and another

scheme known as 1 ½ breaker scheme came to existence.

Breaker and Half scheme

For 2 feeders  3 CBs are available

For 1 feeder  1 ½ CB and hence the name Breaker and half

scheme

All 400kV yards in SR of POWERGRID are 1 ½ breaker scheme

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 11

Single Line Diagram of Udumalpet SS

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 SLD 1 ½ BKR SCHEME
BUS I

BUS II

1 89 1 89E

1 52 3 52

1 CT 1 89AE

1 89A
2 89A 2 89B
2 ACT 2 BCT
2 52
1 89 L
1 89LE 2 89BE

1 WT
1 L CVT
03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 13
1 LA
 SLD of Madurai SS

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 14

Advantages

1) Greatest operation flexibility, each Bus can be isolated at any

time by opening the connected CBs and isolators.

2) High reliability, Bus fault will not lead to tripping of feeders

3) CB can be taken out of service to mtce. without outage of

feeder.

4) More than one breaker can be taken out of service for mtce.
The operation is quite simple

5) All switching operations can be executed with CBs

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6) Source to sink connection possible

7) Bus Bar protection scheme is simple

8) In struck breaker condition only one additional feeder shall

be lost if Tie breaker is struck and no additional feeder if
other breakers struck.

9) Isolator can be opened during Breaker L/O condition

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 16

Disadvantages

1) Three CBs with associated equipments are required for two

branches, hence the scheme is costly.

2) Greater outlay for protection and auto reclosure, as the Tie

breaker must respond independently in the direction of both
Main breakers.

3) Both Main & Tie breaker switching operations are required

for feeder shutdown

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 17

 POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
MYSORE 400KV SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
FUTUR FUTUR NEELAMANGLA#2 NEELAMANGLA#1 FUTUR FUTUR
E E 412LA 409LA E E

409CVT
18 15 12 412CVT 09 06 03
412WT 409WT
41289CE 40989CE
40989C 4
41289C 400 KV BUS#I
41289AE2
41289A 40989A
41289AE1 40989AE

41252 40952
412CT 409CT
BUS#I.CVT 41289BE 41289B 40989BE 40989B

41189A 40889A
41189AE 40889AE

41152 40852
17 14 11 411CT
08 408CT 05 02
41189BE 41189B 40889BE 40889B

41089A 40789A
41089AE 40789A
BUS#II.CVT E
410CT 407CT

41052 40752
41089BE1 40789BE
41089B 40789B
41089BE2
400 KV BUS#II
41089C 40789C
41089CE 40789CE
410LA 407LA
800KVA.TRANS 315MVA TR 315MVA TR
16 13 10 07 04 01
203LA 202LA

KHOZHIKODE#1 KHAZHIKODE#2 ICT#I ICT#2 ICT#3 BUS

(FUTURE) (FUTURE) REACTOR
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 DOUBLE MAIN TRANSFER BUS SCHEME (DMT) FROM 400KV SUB-STATION
MYSORE 220 KV SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM ICT#1 ICT#2

08 07 04 03
TBC BUS COUPLER
220KV BUS I
BUS#1.CVT
2B1

BUS#2.CVT
220KV BUS II 2B2
20789AE1 20789BE1
20789A 20789B 20389A 20389B
21089A 21089B 20989A 20989B 20889A 20889B 20689A 20689B 20589A 20589B 20489A 20489B
20789BE2
21089AE 20989AE 20889AE 20789AE2 20689AE 20589AE 20489AE 20389AE

207CT 20752 204CT 203CT

21052 20952 20852 20652 20552 20452 20352
20389CE1
21089CE1 20989CE1 208CT 20489CE1
20689CE1 20589CE1
21089C 20989C 20889CE1 20689C 20589C 20489C 20389C
20689CE1 20589CE2
20889C
21089CE2 20989CE2 20889CE2 20489CE2 20389CE2

21089D 20989D 20689D 20589D 20489D 20389D

220KV TRANSFER BUS

210CT 209CT 206CT 205CT
210WT 205CVT
209WT 206WT 205WT

209CVT 206CVT
210CVT
209LA 206LA 205LA
210LA
220 KV HOOTAGALLI I 220 KV TUBINAKARE 220 KV SHIMOGA
10 09 06 05
220 KV
HOOTAGALLI
II 03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 19
Advantages

1) High flexibility, the buses (3 Nos) can be taken out of service

for maintenance with out outage of feeder
2) One CB can be taken out for mtce. without feeder shut
down. The CB under mtce is substituted by Transfer Bus
breaker
3) Both Bus bars are coupled through the Bus coupler breaker,
thereby balancing the loads
4) Less cost compared to 1 ½ breaker scheme

220kV yards in SR II are DMT scheme

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 20

Disadvantages

1) Only one CB can be taken out of service for mtce. at a time. If

more than one CB mtce. will result in outage of the feeder.
2) Taking out CB for mtce. is cumbersome as it requires
energisation of Transfer coupler. All protection are required
to be transferred to Transfer breaker.
3) Bus fault will create major outage due to tripping of all
feeders connected to that Bus
4) In stuck breaker condition all feeders connected to bus are
lost
5) Bus Bar protection scheme is complicated due CT switching
scheme

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 21

 Procedure to take Feeder on to Transfer Bus

1) Close the isolator TBC 89A or B and 89 C

2) Close the Transfer isolator of feeder, which is taken on

Transfer Bus
Say 210 89D

3) Before closing TBC breaker, Protection Transfer switch (PTS)

should be changed to ‘TRANSFER’ position from ‘NORMAL’

4) Close the TBC breaker

5) Then trip CB of Feeder which is to be taken on Transfer Bus

Say 210 52

6) Open the isolator 210 89 A or B and line isolator 210 89L

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 BREAKER BY PASS ARRANGEMENT

BY PASS
ISOLATOR CB

CB

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 23

Ring Bus scheme

CB CB CB

CB CB

Double feed to each circuit therefore opening of one CB for mtce.

does not create power interruption

No separate Bus protection is needed

Disadvantage  Extension for future expansion is difficult

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 24

 Isolator and Earth Switch interlocks
Isolators

 Isolators are not permitted to break power, current or to

interconnect different voltage system

 Making or Breaking of paralleling circuits is permitted

 An isolator connected in series with a CB may only be operated

when CB is open and the adjacent Earth switches are open.

Earth switches

 May be operated if the isolators on both sides are open. Just

an open CB is not enough.

 Earth switches which can earth an incoming line directly can

be operated if and only if the line is dead.

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 25

 SLD 1 ½ BKR SCHEME
BUS I

BUS II

1 89 1 89E

1 52 3 52

1 CT 1 89AE

1 89A 389
2 89A 2 89B RE
2 BCT 389R
2 52
1 89 L
1 89LE 2 89BE
R

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Isolator Opera Inter Locking Logic
/ ES tion

189 C/O 152, 189 E, 189 AE, Bus – 1 E/S all open

189 E C/O 189 and 189A open

189 AE

189 A C/O 152, 189E, 189AE open

189 L C/O 152, 252, 189LE open

189 LE C/O 189L open, Line U/V

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Isolator Opera Inter Locking Logic
/ ES tion

289A C/O 252, 289 AE, 289 BE all open

289B

289 AE C/O 289A and 289B open

289 BE

389 C/O

389 E C/O
389 AE

389 A C/O

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 28

Isolator Opera Inter Locking Logic
/ ES tion

389L C/O 352, 252, 389 LE all open

and 389R closed Or press De interlock
Push Button for reactor
389 LE C/O 389L open, Line U/V

389 R C/O 352, 252, 389L and 389RE open

389 RE C/O 389R

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 29

 Advantages of 5 CT scheme

 Problem of matching parallel connected CT’s is not existent

 Separate stub protection can be connected

 Ratio of CT can be selected to match rating of circuit

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 PROTECTION ENGINEERING

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 DC Supply Supervision

Each DC Supply is Supervised by No Volt Relay

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03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 33
 POLE DISCREPANCY TRIP LOGIC
52 R 52 R

Timer 1.0 Sec to 5.0 Sec

+Ve
52 Y 52 Y -Ve
62

52 B 52 B

62
62 X

Contacts of 62 X are wired for tripping of poles that have not tripped

03/27/2021 Bus Bar Schemes 34

 TRIP COIL SUPERVISION CIRCUIT

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