Identify eight common causes of fire in workplace.

Eight common causes of fire in workplace are

 Deliberate (Arson)
 Electrical faults
 Misuse of electrical equipment
 Smokers materials
 Smoking in prohibited areas
 Loss of control burning rubbish
 Heating equipment
 Unsafe storage of materials
 Flammable liquids/gases
 Welding/hot work
 Mechanical heat (Friction)

Identify the control measures that could be implemented to reduce the risks to
pedestrians in areas where vehicles are maneuvering
The control measures that could be implemented to reduce the risks to pedestrians in
areas where vehicles are maneuvering
 Design and display safety signage to minimise hazards.
 If hazards exist segregate pedestrians by means of barriers, fences or wardens.
 Warn of existing hazards with signs/flags/indicators etc.
 Segregation pedestrians and vehicles if possible with separate routes
 High visibility clothing for pedestrians
 Provide clearly marked/signed routes
 Provide gangways suitable width and clearance
 Implement Speed limits
 Provide adequate lighting
 Provide clear direction signs and door marking
 Avoid sharp bends
 Good floor conditions/gentle gradients
 Sufficient parking
 Avoid reversing
 Alerting people to hazard Outline specific hazards associated with the use of the
battery powered fork lift trucks AND state the precautions in each case.

An organization uses small amount of toxic chemicals

a. Indentify 4 possible routes of entry of toxic chemicals.
 Inhalation
 Ingestion
 Absorption
 Injection (Direct Entry)

b. Explain the difference between acute and chronic health effect

  Acute :
Is an immediate or rapidly produced adverse effect, following a single or short-
term exposure to a hazardous substance, usually with a rapid or immediate
response which is normally reversible.

 Chronic:
Adverse health effect resulting from prolonged, repeated exposure to a
hazardous substance the response being gradual (often unrecognised for a long
time) may get worse with no further exposure and is often irreversible.

c. identify the sources of info which could be used in the assessment of risk of
toxic substance

The sources of info which could be used in the assessment of risk of toxic substance
 Checking information that came with the product, e.g. a safety data sheet;
 the information from supplier, sales representative and trade association;
 looking in the trade press for health and safety information;
 Checking on the Internet, eg HSE’s website pages.
 NH40 for Workplace Exposure Limits (WELs) of the substance to know if the
substance assigned an exposure limit
 Local and international medical reports and publications to know are there
any ill-health reports
 Look at the results of health surveillance reports
 identification and how much of the substance is in use or produced by the
process
 What is the activity at risk
 How long and how often is the exposure
 Who can be exposed and how
 How can the substance enter the body
 In what form is of the substance
 What is the concentration of the substance

d. outline control measures that might be required in order to minimize risk to

workers

Control measures that might be required in order to minimize risk to workers

 Elimination or substitution of hazardous substances or forms of substances

 Process changes
 Reduced time exposure based on significance of time weighted average
 Enclose of hazards
 Segregation of process
 Segregation of people by distance, age, time and gender
  Local exhaust ventilation ensuring general application and principles of
capture and removal of hazardous substances.

Excavation work is being carried out on construction site. Identify the control
measures needed to reduce the risk to workers.

The control measures needed to reduce the risk to workers.

 Minimise vibration on the excavation site by appropriate choice of plant to

undertake the work.
 Review the system of work to minimise the times that vibration causing plant are
working simultaneously.
 All services should be located and clearly marked on site prior to work
commencing. Services can be located by digging trial holes, core hole drilling,
gas detectors, remote location devices or hand digging.
 Use devices which lower the water table around the excavation site.
 Use sumps to pump any seepage from the excavation.
 Fence off or cover any holes where any water is retained.
 Ensure there is quick access out of the excavation.
 Keep all equipment and excavation material away from the edge of the
excavation.
 The perimeter should be fenced or appropriate barriers in place with clear
signage.

Outline the factors that may lead to occupational stress among workers.

The factors that may lead to occupational stress among workers

 Inadequate Lighting
 Cramped/dirty/untidy conditions
 Poor Layout (Privacy/Security)
 Glare, Temperature/Humidity
 Inadequate ventilation/stale air
 Noise, Vibration
 Inadequate welfare facilities
 Inclement weather conditions

a. Identify 4 mechanical hazards associated with the use of pedestal drill.

The four mechanical hazards associated with the use of pedestal drill are

o Entanglement with rotating bit

o Contact with rotating bit
o Ejections for materials Flying objects
o Puncture
 b. Outline 4 control measures to reduce the injury to operators of pedestal
drill.

Four control measures

o Installing sound guarding

o Secure work pieces with clamps to prevent movement
o Wear appropriate PPE
o Inspect and maintain tools
o Remove faulty tools
o Procedures for reporting and replacing damaged tools

A. Identify 4 factors that could affect the severity of injury resulting from contact with
electricity.

The factors that could affect the Severity of Electric Shock are
• Current in amperes
• Length of contact time
• Path through the body
• Conductivity/resistance of the body
• The voltage
• Conductivity of the environment
• Nature of the contact
• Age and health status of victim

a. In relation to classification of fires give an example of material (fuel) that falls

within each of classes A,B,C,D.

Classification of fires
A Combustible solids
B Flammable liquids or liquefied solids
C Flammable gases
D Flammable metals

b. Identify 2 methods of heat transfer AND explain each method contributes to

the spread of fire.

Conduction - Movement of heat through materials

Convection - Movement of hotter gases up through the air

A maintenance worker regularly uses handheld grinder and exposed to vibration.

a. Outline the symptoms

 Decreased grip strength

 Decreased hand sensation and dexterity
  Finger blanching or ―white fingers‖
 Carpal tunnel syndrome

b. Outline six control measures.

Hand and arm vibration may be more difficult to control, but the proper selection and
maintenance of tools can dramatically decrease vibration exposure. Vibration levels
associated with power hand tools depend on tool properties, including size, weight,
method of propulsion, handle location, and the tool drive mechanism. Primary prevention
through eliminating excessive vibration and shocks can be accomplished through better
ergonomic tool designs.

Administrative controls can be very important. In high-risk situations, job rotation, rest
periods, and reduction in the intensity and duration of exposure can help reduce the risk
of adverse health effects. All workers should be advised of the potential vibration hazard
and receive training on the necessity of regular tool maintenance and be taught to grip
the tools as lightly as possible within the bounds of safety.

Early prevention through exposure monitoring and through the early reporting of initial
signs and symptoms of vibration exposure can dramatically reduce chronic health
effects.

Outline the hazards that a worker could be exposed to when using a petrol chainsaw
to cut down the tree
The hazards that a worker could be exposed to when using a petrol chainsaw to cut down
the tree

 Machine hazards
– Point of operation (contact, entanglement, abrasion, etc)
– Rotary and reciprocating movements
– In-running nip points (pinch points)
 Kickbacks (hit back from logs or equipment)
 Flying chips, material
 Tool projection (puncture, struck by)
 Fire and explosion hazards
 Electrical hazards

Health hazards

 Noise
 Vibration
 Wood dust—carcinogens
 Chemical hazards—from exposure to coatings, finishings, adhesives, solvent
vapors