Module 2

The Microscope

Overview
Microscopes are used for the laboratory to observe objects which are too delicate
to be included easily by the naked eye, such as molecular forms in organs, germs,
and bacteria.
This module focuses mainly on the importance of Microscope and its parts.

Learning outcome
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
 Explain the brief history of Microscope
 Identify the different types of Microscope
 Identify the different parts of a Microscope

Activity

Activity 2
Virtual Microscope

  http://www.ncbionetwork.org/iet/microscope/ click this link

Instructions:  You can acquaint yourself with the interactive microscope by using the "know" tab. To
review specimens, go to the "explore" page. Sketches can be drawn exactly as they appear in the field
of vision. To get a clear shot, use the adjustments.

Sample Slides - Letter E

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1.  Sketch the view at each magnification.  

 Analysis

1. What did you need to do before viewing the slide at 100x?

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2. Beginners sometimes make the mistake of believing that the “e” simply
vanishes at high magnification. What would you say to a younger
student on what happened to the e as the magnification increased?

Abstraction

Advent of Microscope

 The microscope has a long and illustrious tradition. While Roman philosophers wrote of
"burning glasses," the first primitive microscope was not created until the late 1300s. Two
lenses were mounted at the tube's opposite ends. The first microscope was born from this
simple magnifying tube.
 During the 13th century, grinding glass for spectacles and magnifying lenses was prevalent.
Several Dutch lens manufacturers produced magnifying devices in the late 16th century, but it
wasn't until 1609 that Galileo Galilei perfected the first microscope.
 The first men to establish the idea of the compound microscope were Dutch spectacle makers
Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey. They found that small objects could be magnified by
using various kinds and sizes of lenses at opposite ends of tubes.
 When Anton van Leeuwenhoek noticed that such formed lenses increased the size of an image
later in the sixteenth century, he started polishing and grinding lenses.
 His glass lenses could magnify an object by a factor of ten. For the first time in history, the
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nature of his lenses enabled him to see microorganisms, bacteria, and exquisite detail in
everyday things. Leeuwenhoek is widely regarded as the father of microscopy research and a
key figure in the history of cell theory.
 Until the next big advancement, the microscope has been in use for over a century. It was
impossible to use early microscopes. As light passed through lenses, it refracted, changing the
appearance of the scene. The accuracy of microscopes increased when Chester Moore Hall
invented the achromatic lens for use in eyeglasses in 1729. Many people will try to enhance
the microscope's optical acuity by using these special lenses.
 Many improvements happened in both the building construction and the accuracy of
microscopes during the 18th and 19th centuries. Microscopes were smaller and more robust.
Many of the optical issues that plagued previous releases were resolved thanks to lens
upgrades. From this point on, the history of the microscope broadens and extends, with
people all around the world focusing on identical enhancements and lens technologies at the
same time.
 August Kohler is credited with inventing a method for uniform microscope lighting, which
allowed specimen photography. By placing multiple lenses on a movable turret at the end of
the lens tube, Ernst Leitz discovered a way to allow for various magnifications with a single
microscope.
 Ernst Abbe developed a microscope to allow more light-spectrum colors to be visible, and it
would provide Zeiss with the equipment to improve the ultraviolet microscope in a few years.
 Scientists and academics may research microscopic organisms in the world around them
thanks to the invention of the microscope. While studying the development of the
microscope, it's important to remember that before these microscopic organisms were
found, the origins of sickness and disease were only hypothesized, and the causes of disease
remained a mystery.
 The microscope enabled humans to leave a world ruled by invisible forces and enter one in
which disease-causing agents were visible, named, and, over time, stopped. Light had an
impact on how images were seen, as Charles Spencer illustrated. It took over a century to
create a microscope that could function without the use of light.
 Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented the first electron microscope in the 1930s. While
electron microscopes can generate images of the tiniest particles, they cannot be used to
study live organisms. A light microscope cannot balance the magnification and resolution.
 A standard microscope, on the other hand, is required for studying live specimens. Scanning
probe microscopy, which started with Gerd Bennig and Heinrich Rohrer's scanning tunneling
microscope in 1981, enables specimens to be examined at the atomic level. Later, in 1986,
Bennig and his collaborators invented the atomic force microscope, ushering in a new age of
nanoresearch.

Types of a Microscope

1. Compound Light Microscope

- The light microscope is a device that allows you to see fine details of an object. It
accomplishes this by enlarging an image created by a set of glass lenses that concentrate
a beam of light onto or around an object before enlarging it with convex objective lenses.

2. Electron Microscope
- An electron microscope is a microscope that illuminates with a ray of accelerated
electrons.
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 Parts of Light Microscope
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 Application

A. How does microscope contribute to the field of sciences?

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B. What makes the light microscope differ than that of electron microscope?

Assessment
I. Label

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Reflection