UTT II General Examination #3

1. Variables which may affect the characteristics of ultrasound:

a. Hardness, temperature, grain structure
b. Temperature, thickness, volume
c. Reflection, transducer size
d. Acoustics, concentric surfaces

2. The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called:

a. Angulations
b. Calibration
c. Attenuation
d. Correlation

3. Another name for a compression wave is:

a. Lamb wave
b. Shear wave
c. Longitudinal wave
d. Transverse wave

4. Probes used in ultrasonic thickness measurement vary in design for specific applications. Which
of the following probes is not suitable for thickness measurement?
a. Zero degree delay tip probe
b. Surface wave probe
c. Dual element normal beam probe
d. Single crystal transducer

5. Ultrasonic testing of material where the search unit is in direct contact with the material being
tested may be:
a. Straight beam testing
b. Surface wave testing
c. Angle beam testing
d. All of the above
6. A couplant is required in ultrasonic testing to:
a. Protect the test material
b. Protect the hands
c. Protect the probe shoe
d. Enable sound energy to pass into the test material

7. Under most circumstances which of the following frequencies would have the best penetration
power:
a. 2.5 megahertz
b. 5 megahertz
c. 10 megahertz
d. 25 megahertz

8. A screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (hash, grass, or noise) could
be caused by:
a. A crack
b. An inclusion
c. Coarse grained material
d. Gas pockets

9. A change in frequency will result in a change in:

a. Properties
b. Acoustic impedance
c. Wavelength
d. Mode of propagation

10. Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of
repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called:
a. Pulse-echo
b. Continuous wave testing
c. Resonance testing
d. Shear wave testing
11. The presence of a discontinuity will not produce a specific indication on the A-Scan
when using the:
a. Straight beam testing method
b. Surface wave testing method
c. Angle beam testing method
d. Through-transmission method

12. A term used to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to distinguish
between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface
is:
a. Sensitivity
b. Penetration
c. Segregation
d. Resolution

13. During Straight beam testing, test specimens with non-parallel front and back surfaces
can cause:
a. Partial or total loss of back reflection
b. No loss in back reflection
c. A multiple back wall reflection
d. A narrow back wall reflection

14. Rough entry surface conditions can result in:

a. A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities
b. An increase in the width of the front surface echo
c. Poor back wall resolution
d. All of the above

15. Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. Which of the following represents a
mode?
a. L-wave
b. A surface wave
c. Shear wave
d. All of the above
16. When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what
testing method is most often used?
a. Through-transmission
b. Straight beam
c. Angle beam
d. Dual crystal

17. In zero degree contact testing, a reduction in the back-wall surface reflection amplitude
could indicate:
a. Inadequate coupling
b. A flaw whose major plane is not perpendicular to the direction of the main beam
c. A near surface discontinuity that cannot be resolved
d. All of the above

18. A lamination would generally produce:

a. A sharp mid-wall echo of high amplitude
b. A drop in signal caused by attenuation due to orientation
c. Multiple peaks of low amplitude
d. Multiple peaks of high amplitude

19. During Ultrasonic Thickness taking, thickness less than nominal will produce:
a. A low amplitude signal response
b. Hash on the A-scan display
c. A shift in reflected signals to the left on the A-scan display
d. None of the above

20. When the material back-wall signal diminishes to a broad-based waveform with
irregular multiple peaks, the most likely cause could be:
a. Erosion
b. Pitting
c. Lamination
d. Cracking
21. In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the:
a. Amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy
b. Distance traveled by the search unit
c. Elapsed time and distance
d. None of the above

22. Which of the following test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration in
a 12” thick specimen of coarse-grained steel:
a. 1MHz
b. 2.25MHz
c. 5MHz
d. 10MHz

23. The primary purpose of reference blocks is to:

a. Aid the operator in obtaining maximum back reflection
b. Obtain the greatest sensitivity possible from an instrument
c. Obtain a common reproducible signal
d. None of the above

24. Lack of bond between two layers of material is generally termed as:
a. Lack of penetration
b. Delamination
c. Embrittlement
d. All of the above

25. Below are six a-scan images and six material discontinuities images. Match the a-scan
image to the material discontinuity.
a. 1-a, 2-c, 3-e, 4-f, 5-d, 6-b
b. 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c, 5-f, 6-e
c. 1-d, 2-b, 3-e, 4-f, 5-a, 6-c
d. 1-b, 2-f, 3-a, 4-e, 5-c, 6-d
 Figure 1

26. The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is
called:
a. backing material
b. Lucite wedge
c. crystal
d. couplant

27. The transducer that contains the thinnest piezoelectric crystal is a:

a. 1 MHz transducer
b. 5 MHz transducer
c. 15 MHz transducer
d. 25 MHz transducer
28. The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependent on the:
a. type of test
b. tightness of the crystal backing in the transducer
c. frequency and crystal size
d. pulse length

29. Which of the following materials of the same alloy is the most likely to produce the
greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distance:
a. a hand forging
b. a course-grained casting
c. an extrusion
d. the attenuation is equal in all materials

30. The shortest wavelength pulse is produced by a frequency of:

a. 1 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 10 MHz
d. 25 MHz
1. A 21. C
2. B 22. A
3. C 23. C
4. B 24. B
5. D 25. C
6. D 26. C
7. A 27. D
8. C 28. C
9. C 29. B
10. A 30. D
11. D
12. A
13. A
14. D
15. D
16. B
17. D
18. A
19. C
20. B