Module 4
State, Nations, and Globalization
Lesson 1: States, Governments, and Nations
What I Need To Know
In this module, you will be able to:
learn the basic concepts of nation and state;
differentiate nation from state; and
differentiate state from a government.
What I Know
Pretest: This activity will let you recall the characteristics and the types of state you
are in.
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The state provides general welfare and security.
a. effective b. weak c. failed
2. Justice is bought and elections are often rigged
a. effective b. weak c. failed
3. Education and health standards decline.
a. effective b. weak c. failed
4. Laws are mostly obeyed.
a. effective b. weak c. failed
5. Government revenues go to private pockets.
a. effective b. weak c. failed
What Is It?
THE STATE
The word “state” is a people organized for law within a define territory,
possessing both internal and external sovereignty. It is a political unit in charge of the
conduct of its own affairs. It has four elements, namely: sovereignty, government,
territory, and people. Sovereignty refers to Jurisdiction (the ability of a state to
exercise its authority over its territory and people) and independence (the freedom
from external control). The government is the machinery of the state through which
the people’s will is formulated and carried out. Aristotle classified government into
legitimate or positive (Monarchy, Aristocracy, Polity) and negative or corrupt
(Tyranny, Oligarchy, Democracy). The territory includes all the land, sea, and
airspace the state exercises jurisdiction on. Finally, the people or population is the
organization of human beings living together as a community.
THE NATION
The word “nation” is taken from the Latin word nasci, which means “born,” giving the
word a racial or ethnic meaning. Etymologically, it signifies original birthplace. It is
thus generally used to describe an ethnic, linguistic, or cultural community, or race. It
may also refer to a community of people linked by ties of blood and relationships, a
common language and literature, a common tradition, and history.
A nation refers to a large group of individuals who believe that they belong together
because they share a common identity as a people. This common identity enables
them to think of themselves as members of a homogeneous community.
Activity 1. Test your knowledge
Definition of Terms. Provide a simple definition of the following terms and concepts.
1. state - __________________________________________________________
2. nation - _________________________________________________________
3. government - ____________________________________________________
4. sovereignty - ____________________________________________________
5. people - ________________________________________________________
6. territory - _______________________________________________________
7. Jurisdiction - ____________________________________________________
8. independence - __________________________________________________
9. legitimate government - ___________________________________________
10. corrupt government - ____________________________________________
Your turn
Activity 2. Distinguish the following in terms of their functions.
Functions
Nation
State
Government
Reflective question:
Activity 3. Given the present condition of the country and based on your own
observation, would you consider the Philippines an effective, weak, or failed state?
Why?
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the state you have and the
state you expected to be.
Lesson 2: Globalization and the Nation-State
What I Need To Know
In this module, you will be able to:
explain the meaning of globalization;
discuss the forms of globalization; and
analyze the relationship of nation and state in the context of globalization.
What I Know
Pretest: This activity will check your background knowledge about states, nation,
and globalization.
Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if incorrect.
1. A nation is composed of four elements such as people, territory, government,
and sovereignty.
2. Nation and state can be used interchangeably.
3. The Philippines is both a state and a nation.
4. A state represents the interest of the society or the common good.
5. A State is temporary and can be changed from time to time
What Is It?
GLOBALIZATION
The word globalization refers to the process of international integration arising
from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. It
implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an
interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods and
services across national frontiers. It has three main forms: economic, cultural, and
political.
Economic globalization is an integration of all economies in a global economy
like the internationalized production and financial capital flowing freely between
countries. Cultural globalization implies information, commodities, and images from
one part of the world making cultural differences between nations and individuals
less significant. Political globalization recognizes the importance of international
organizations, transnational organizations and nongovernmental organization. It
influences on domestic issues of organizations such as the United Nations, World
Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, International Red Cross,
and World Wide Fund for Nature.
Nation-State
The integration of the state and the nation forms the nation-state. This political
organization is widely recognized today. As an entity, its strength relies on the fusion
of both the cultural and political aspects present in a state and in a nation, allowing
for cultural cohesion and at the same time political unity.
Activity 1. Test your knowledge
Directions: Supply the correct information in the table below.
Characteristics of Globalization
Economic Globalization
Cultural Globalization
Political Globalization
Your turn
Activity 2. Write down three positive impacts of globalization inside the circles.
1. 2. 3.
Reflective question:
Activity 3. How has globalization affected your way of life?
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Make a photo collage of how the nation-state transitioned in the context
of globalization.
TRANSLATED BY: BOJIE NOB
LAGUINDINGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
REFERENCES:
Ramos, Renan [Link] Politics and [Link] Group, Inc.2016
Villanueva, Aian G. Philippine Politics and Governance. DIWA Learning System Inc.
2017
WEBSITES:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Answer key:
Lesson 1 Pretest
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
Lesson 2 Pretest
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
