Thrusters Pod Seals PP

Thruster
and
d Seals
Pod
By E.- P. von Bergen
September 17, 2002

Thruster and Pod - Seals
1. Introduction
2. Technical Basis
3. Seal Choice
4. Examples of Thruster / Pod Seals
Return to Session Directory

2. Technical Basis
2.1 Lip Seal
2.2 Rotating Mechanical Seal

2.1 Lip Seal
2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

Essential operating conditions and characteristics
Geometry
Sealing ring materials
Rotating part (Liner)
Sealing system
2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

2.1.3 Important for selection and operation
2.1.4 Advantages/disadvantages

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

Geometry

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

FPM Fluoro - rubber
NBR Acrylic - Nitrile - Butadiene - bituminous rubber

(Acrylonitril - Butadien rubber)
Max temp. In oil In air Short- Storage Dynamic

term stability functional
ity key-
up to:
FPM 110 130 160 6 years - 1°C
NBR 60 80 120 4 years - 11°C
The temperatures given are from our experience with ship's seals.
(Higher values are given for agricultural and industrial applications)

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

Rotating part (liner)
The most important parameters for the liner are:
Tribological property, surface quality, hardness and surface
geometry.
Cr Ni steel with a high alloy content is used.
Cr - content ~ 27%
Ni - content ~ 4 - 7%
Mo- content ~ 1 - 5%
Hardness: 250 - 270 HB

Structure Austenitic - Ferritic
Problem: A compromise between hardness (important for the
sealing ring) and resistance to sea water must be found.
Materials that are highly resistant to sea water have a
hardness that lies below 200 HB, which means that
wear is too high under normal ship operating
conditions.

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

Sealing Systems

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

- Pressure (Water/oil)
- Nominal speed/circumferential speed
- Radial/axial motion
- Temperatures
- Dirt
- Fluids (Oil/Water)

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

2.1.3 Important for selection and
operation
- Sealing ring load
- Installation of seals
- Material resistance (sealing ring)

Sealing ring load

Sealing ring load

Sealing ring load

operation
- Sealing ring load

Installation of seals



operation
- Sealing ring load

Material resistance (sealing ring)
Sealing ring must be tested for water and oil

resistance.
List of approved oils is available.
New oil types are tested before approval.
Synthetic and environmentally friendly oils

cannot be used in applications where they come in
contact with water.

2.1 Lip Seal

Geometry
Sealing system

Lip seals
Advantages: Any number of seal rings can be included in a seal arrangement
(redundancy).
No problem in terms of axial and radial oscillation normal to ships.
As a rule, sealing system consists of a simple construction.
Compact design.
Sealing ring load can be changed during operation (tank height).
Seal immune against shock load.
Problems with lip seals do not normally occur suddenly (long
period of advance warning.
Disadvantages:The sealing ring load is limited. Submarines, for instance, always

have a mechanical face seal.
Processes in the seal gap nearly impossible to calculate (empirical
values are very important).
Temperature levels are limited depending on the sealing ring material.

2.2 Rotating mechanical seal

Geometry
Rotating/counter ring materials



Axial oscillation:
a basic problem


Geometry


Geometry


Geometry


There is a confusing choice of materials available for rotating

mechanical seal rotating and counter rings.
The technical significance of materials to date varies considerably.
? Increasing significance
? Constant significance
? Decreasing significance
The main groups consist of:

Artificial carbon ?
Plastics ?
Metals ?
Carbides ?
Metal oxides (ceramic) ?
Non-oxidised ceramic (SiC)?
(SiC-Si)


Geometry


- Pressure (water)
- Nominal speed/circumferential speed
- Radial/axial movements
- Temperatures
- Dirt


Geometry


operation
• At least one of the sealing rings forming the gap should demonstrate good
thermal conductivity.
• The correct selection of materials /
• The temperature of the
Rotating fluid at thering/spring
ring/counter gap entrance must be sufficiently below
the evaporation temperature. Reliable lubricating film production in the seal
gap. • A rotating ring holder with a secondary seal must be designed
for ships’ use.
• The higher pressure should affect the outer circumference.
• The rotating ring must be easy to move axially at all times
• The spring strength must be high enough for the counter ring to follow the
rotating ring
• Ifunder pressure-less
possible, conditions.
no axial shaft oscillations
• errors:
• Installation Tensile- stressContact
and sudden
facescompression
damaged priorof carbon and ceramic
to installation
ring edges viaSecondary
internal pressure, centrifugal force and friction
seal damaged
torque are to be avoided
Foreign through
matter appropriate
in the gap duringdesign.
installation
(dirt)
• Rotating ring and mating ring
Installation should be
dimensions secured
incorrect against
(installation
rotation (friction torque
length! ) support!).
Secondary seals damaged during installation
• Flatness of the(e.g.
sealing surfaces
gasket on the flange)

Geometry


2.2.4 Advantages/disadvantages of
mechanical face seals
Advantages: A large variety of different materials can be used.
The seal gap load, or the complete seal, can be calculated

very effectively.
High pressures (e.g. submarines) can be sealed-off safely.
Disadvantages: Only one seal gap (no redundancy).
Problems with axial oscillations (pump effect).
Sealing system technically complex.
Shock loads result in large leakage or seal breakage.
Seal failure occurs without any advance warning

(suddenly).

3. Seal Choice
Questionnaire

4. Examples of Thruster-/Pod Seals
4.1 Thruster seals
4.2 Pod seals

4.1 Thruster seals SC2 A

4.1 Thruster seals SC2 B

Oil supply diagram SC2 B

4.1 Thruster seals SC2 M

Oil supply diagram SC2 M

4.1 Thruster seals
SC2 B / SC2 B (CRP)

Oil supply diagram
SC2 B / SC2 B (CRP)

4. Examples of Thruster-/Pod Seals
4.1 Thruster seals
4.2 Pod seals

4.2 Pod seals SC2 B


4.2 Pod seals SC2 B


4.2 Pod seals SC2 SI

Oil supply diagram SC2 SI

4.2 Pod seals Carboplan SC

nt: oice
o rta l ch
Imp for sea
aire
ionn
est
Qu

Thank you for your Attention
E.-P. von Bergen


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Thruster

September 17, 2002

4. Examples of Thruster / Pod Seals

Return to Session Directory

2.1 Lip Seal

2.2 Rotating Mechanical Seal

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

FPM Fluoro - rubber

NBR Acrylic - Nitrile - Butadiene - bituminous rubber

Max temp. In oil In air Short- Storage Dynamic

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Cr Ni steel with a high alloy content is used.

Hardness: 250 - 270 HB

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Sealing ring must be tested for water and oil

List of approved oils is available.

New oil types are tested before approval.

Synthetic and environmentally friendly oils

Return to Session Directory

2.1.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.1.2 Physical and chemical influences

Disadvantages:The sealing ring load is limited. Submarines, for instance, always

Return to Session Directory

2.2.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.2.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

2.2.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.2.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

Return to Session Directory

2.2.1 Sealing mechanism and influencing criteria

2.2.2 Physical and chemical influences

Return to Session Directory

There is a confusing choice of materials available for rotating