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ASSESMENT NO 3
EMISSION:
An emission is anything that's been released out into the open. But more often it refers to
gases being released into the air, like greenhouse gasses or emissions from power plants,
emission from automobiles, emissions from water vehicles and factories. Anytime your body
emits something (sweat, drool, gas), it's also considered an emission.

DIFFERENT GLOBAL EMISSION SOURCES:

1) EMISSION FROM AUTOMOBILES:
Petrol and diesel engines, both internal combustion engines, are the only engines in wide use in
the world’s automotive transportation systems. And they are the major source of urban air
pollution. Table gives a list of common engine types, fuels and associated emissions. Petrol is a
readily volatilized fuel and in the fuel tank the pressure build up which would result from this
evaporation is obviated by introduction of a „breather‟ vent or pipe into the tank. This still
permits evaporation of the fuel.

Engine type Fuel type Vehicle Type Emissions

Petrol Engine Petrol Cars, Busses etc. HC, CO, NOx Pb and
particulate.

Diesel Engine Diesel Lorries,trucks tractors NOx, SOx, HC, CO,

(some buses & cars) soot and particulates

Two-stroke Engine Petrol Motor cycles HC, CO, NOx, Pb and

particulates.

2) EMISSIONS FROM WATER VEHICLE:

As we talk about the water vehicles, water vehicle uses both diesel and petrol engine to run the
engines of ships, boats, coastal vessels, River vessels, Marine and ocean going vessels etc.
Different types of gases are emitted from these vessels which are shown in table.
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Engine type Vessel type Gases emitted

Both two and 4 stroke Ocean going ships CO2, Carbon*, CH4, N2O, CO,
engines are used NOx, NMVOCs

Both Gasoline and diesel are Boats CO2, Carbon*, CH4, N2O, CO,
used NOx, NMVOCs

3) EMISSIONS FROM AIR VEHICLE:

Aircraft (air vehicles) engines produce emissions that are similar to other emissions resulting
from fossil fuel combustion. However, aircraft emissions are unusual in that a significant
proportion is emitted at altitude. These emissions give rise to important environmental
concerns regarding their global impact and their effect on local air quality at ground level.

Classification of Types of aircraft Emission produced

Engine type
COMPRESSOR TYPES:
1. Centrifugal flow
2. Axial flow
3. Centrifugal-Axial flow.
Power usage produced is
as:
1.Turbojet engines
2.Turbofan engines.
3. Turbo shaft engines.
The main pollutants emitted by
Aero planes, aircraft engines in operations are
carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen
helicopter, oxides (NOX), sulphur oxides
hot air balloons , (SOX), unburnt hydrocarbons
blimps and gliders (HC), carbon monoxide (CO),
particulate matter (PM) and soot

5) EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY POWER PLANT:

Stationary combustion plants consist of the emission source like Energy Industries, Public
Electricity and Heat Production that includes large power plants, combined heat and power
production plants and plants producing district heating. Public electricity and heat production is
the largest source category regarding both fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for
stationary combustion.
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Sources of emission Emission produced

Sources of emissions from stationary combustion
include boilers, heaters, furnaces, kilns, ovens,
flares, thermal oxidizers, dryers, and any other
equipment or machinery that combusts carbon
bearing fuels or waste stream materials.
The stationary power plant sector is a large
emission source for CO2, SO2, NOx , CO, particulate
matter (PM), heavy metals, PAH, dioxin, HCB, PCB
and black carbon (BC).

CONCLUSION:
The majority of exhaust emissions are composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and
oxygen in unconsumed air. Carbon monoxide, unburned fuel, nitrogen oxides, and particulate
matter such as mercury are also present in exhaust emissions in smaller quantities. A number of
these substances play a significant role in air pollution, and carbon dioxide – a greenhouse gas –
contributes to climate change.

REFERENCES:
1)https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/bgp/2_4_Water-
borne_Navigation.pdf

2)https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/emission

3)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262212816_Vehicle_Emissions_and_t
heir_Effects_on_the_Natural_Environment__a_Review/link/542d3f6b0cf27e39fa9422
10/download

4) https://www.thaitechnics.com/engine/engine_type.html

5) https://envs.au.dk/en/research-areas/air-pollution-emissions-and-effects/air-
emissions/reporting-sectors/stationary-combustion/