ACTIVITY 7

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

(Replication and Gene Action)
WORKSHEET

Name: AMILUSSIN, Adznalyn S. Section: BS BIO 2C

HUSSIN, Shadimeer R. Date Submitted: January 9, 2021
LAPADA, Meljan M. GROUP No: #3
OPIÑA, Thelma J.
ZARANDONA, Stephanie Marie B.

1. Compare and contrast replication, transcription and translation based on the following
criteria.

Criteria Replication Transcription Translation

Uses one of the two
Each strand of the original
exposed DNA mRNA molecule
Template Use DNA
strands
Direction of
5’ to 3 Direction 5’ to 3’ direction 5’to 3’ direction
Synthesis
DNA polymerases, single- Peptidyl transferase
strand DNA binding (found in the
Protein /enzyme proteins, helicases, RNA polymerases ribosomes) and
requirements primase, topoisomerases, and ribosomal RNA
and DNA ligase. (rRNA).
A polypeptide chain of
Two identical copies of DNA A strand of mRNA amino acids( protein
Product
chain)

2. What will happen if one of the proteins for initiation of replication was not synthesized by
the cell?

- If the cell has not synthesized one of the proteins for initiation, it will not bind to the
replication origin when helicase unwinds the DNA helix and two replication forks are not
produced at the replication origin. A sequence of proteins help the unwinding and
separation of double-stranded DNA molecules until the protein continues to replication.
These proteins are necessary because before replication, the DNA must be single
stranded before it can proceed. If there is a protein that will be used for initiation but is not
synthesized, it will proceed to the G0 phase, also referred to as the extended G1 phase
or resting phase, which means that the DNA resting in the G0 can neither divide nor
prepare to divide.
3. Predict the consequences in the cell if DNA polymerase I is absent during replication.

- DNA polymerase I are responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA materials, and
also other exonuclease activity such as proofreading and DNA repairs. Therefore the
absence of DNA polymerase I will cause DNA errors, since the DNA itself will not be
able to detect and correct errors and as well as pull out the RNA primers from the
strands and replace it with DNA materials, thus such errors may lead to cell mutation.

4. Assuming the translation product is an enzyme, explain its role in the final expression of
a phenotype.

- The genotype regulates the phenotype because protein production is directed by

genes. In exchange, proteins dictate practically every reaction in the cell and are thus
directly responsible for measurable features. Some proteins serve structural roles,
while others are involved in molecular transport and cell-to-cell contact. Enzymes,
catalyzing chemical reactions for the synthesis and transformation of nearly all
biological molecules, are a significant proportion of proteins. What essentially
contributes to phenotypic variation is the various forms and concentrations of all
biological molecules in an individual's cells and tissues. Slight variations in the activity
of an enzyme for pigment synthesis in a plant, for example, that may result in white
rather than red flowers. Likewise, during the growth of leaf tissue, a slight difference
in a protein responsible for cell communication may result in leaf shape variation. A
major concern of modern molecular biology and one of the ultimate priorities of the
human genome project is understanding the journey from genotype to phenotype.