M0109 [2014-N]

Nissan Engineering Standard

NES General Rules of Test Method for Welds

1. SCOPE
This Standard specifies the general rules for testing welds. However, welding for materials other than
metals is excluded.

2. TYPES OF TEST METHODS

The types of testing methods and applicable joints shall conform to Table 1.

Table 1 Test methods

Applicable joint
Ex. of weld Remarks
Type of test Butt Fillet Lap
(Revised in 2010) Test piece
Welding, e.g., arc, flash,
NES M 0110 dimensions and method in
O O friction, electron beam,
Tensile test for welds the test of welds are revised.
spot and laser

NES M 0111
O Welding, e.g., arc and gas
Shear test for welds
Strength test

Welding, e.g., spot, seam,

NES M 0112
O projection, electron beam
Tensile shear test for welds
and laser
NES M 0113 Welding, e.g., arc, flash,
O
Bending test for welds friction and electron beam
Welding, e.g., arc, flash,
NES M 0114
O O O friction, electron beam and
Fatigue test for welds
laser
NES M 0115 Welding, e.g., spot, seam, Welds are tested using chisel
O O
Simple test for welds projection, flash and friction or hammer, etc.
Welding, e.g., arc, spot,
NES M 0120 Section of welds are visually
O O O seam, flash, friction, electron
Section test

Microscopic test for welds or microscopically observed.

beam and laser
Section hardness distribution
Welding, e.g., arc, flash,
NES M 0123 of welds are measured by
O O O friction, electron beam, spot,
Hardness test for welds Vickers micro hardness
projection and laser
tester.
destructive

Welding, e.g., arc, seam,

Non-

NES M 0126
test

O O O projection, friction and

Airtight test for welds
plasma

Normative references and References: See page 5.

- 1/8 -
 M0109 [2014-N]
3. TEST MACHINE
Test machine used for the strength test shall conform generally Table 2.
Table 2 Type of strength test method and test machines for use
Test method Test machine

Tensile test method

As specified in JIS B 7721
Shear test method
(Tensile testing machines).
Bending test method

Schenk type, Rosen type fatigue test machine or

Fatigue test method
Ono type rotary bending test machine, etc.

4. TEST MATERIAL
Test material shall generally be taken from relevant part. Where test material is made from a source mate-
rial other than the parts, specifications shall be the those for the same as part including material, dimen- 1
sions (plate thickness, outer diameter, edge preparation shape, etc.), surface conditions, heat treatment
and welding conditions, etc.

5. PREPARATION OF TEST PIECE

Test piece shall be created generally by cutting. Where gas cutting is applied, parts affected by heat shall
be completely removed.

6. TEST METHOD

(1) Test shall be performed according to the specifications of each test shown in Table 1.
(2) The temperature of test piece shall be ordinary temperature (room temperature).
(3) Strength calculation and numerical presentation (unit) shall be as follows.
(a) Tensile strength
1) Butt weld joint (MPa)
Pmax
σΒ =
Ao
where σB: Tensile strength (MPa)
Pmax: Maximum tensile load (N)
Ao: Initial section of test piece (mm2)
2) Spot weld joint (N)
Pmax
(b) Shear strength of fillet weld joint (MPa)

Pmax
γ f = 0.7
fm ⋅ lm

Pmax
γ s = 0.35
fm ⋅ lm
where γf: Shear strength of front fillet weld joint (MPa)
γs: Shear strength of side fillet weld joint (MPa)
Pmax: Max. shear load (N)
fm: Mean leg length of fillet (mm)
lm: Mean length of fillet (mm)

-2-
 M0109 [2014-N]
(c) Bending strength (MPa)
Maximum edge stress intensity generated before the test piece is cracked, damaged, or ruptured

M (P max/ 2 )(L / 2 ) P max• L

σ = = =
2 Z 4Z

where σ: Bending strength (MPa)

Pmax: Max. shear load (N)
L: Distance between supports (mm)
Z: Section modulus of test piece
(d) Fatigue limit (MPa)
Highest stress that a material can withstand for an infinite number of cycles of stress. It is also
referred to as endurance limit and fatigue strength.
* Metals such as aluminum and copper do not have a distinct limit. Thus, a sufficient number of
cycles usually 107 or 108 is chosen to represent the fatigue limit.

(4) Weld penetration in section shall be measured as follows.

(a) Penetration ratio in spot weld and seam weld
Nugget dia.

T1
t1
t2

T2

t1
Penetratio n ratio in thinner plate side (%) = × 100
T1
t2
Penetratio n ratio in thicker plate side (%) = × 100
T2
where T1, T2: Plate thickness (T1 < T2) (mm)
t1, t2: Max. penetration depth (mm)
(b) Penetration ratio in butt weld
Bead width
T
t

t
Penetratio n ratio (%) = × 100
T
where T: Base metal thickness (mm)
t: Penetration depth (mm)

-3-
 M0109 [2014-N]
(c) Penetration ratio in fillet weld

T1
Penetration depth t1 Penetration depth t1
Actual throat Leg Actual throat Leg
length length
1

Size Size

Leg Size T1 Leg length Size

length
Penetration Penetration
depth t2 depth t2
T2 T2

Penetration Theoretical throat Penetration Theoretical throat

depth at root depth at root

t1 t2
Penetration ratio (%) = × 100 or × 100
T1 T2

where T1, T2: Base metal thickness (mm)

t1, t2: Penetration depth (mm)

(5) Butt joint efficiency

Tensile strength of test piece (MPa)
Joint efficiency (%) = × 100 1
Tensile strength of base metal (MPa)
However, from the above formula, “Tensile strength of base metal” shall be the one at the low strength
property side when welding plate assembly.

7. REPORT
Record the items in Table 3 in the test report.

Table 3
Item Description
Rupture condition, rupture load, rupture position, strength
Strength test
(calculated) and items specified in each test method.
Type of test Penetration condition, type of micro structure, blowhole, corroded liq-
Section test
uid, magnification, hardness, nugget dia., etc.
Non-destructive test Leak, grade, appearance, etc.
Current, voltage, speed, welding electrode, edge preparation shape,
Welding conditions
etc.
Welding environment Bead shape, undercut, crack, etc.
Time between welding and test For time-aging material.

-4-
 M0109 [2014-N]
Reference
Reference Table 1 shows welding strength as reference material.
Reference Table 1 Acceptance criteria of peel load for weld nut insertion (steel)
Unit: N
Base metal thickness Peel load
Nut size (mm) Square nut Hex nut
0.6 1,471 min. 1,471 min.
0.7 1,961 min. 1,961 min.
M4
0.8 2,452 min. 2,452 min.
1.0 min. - 2,942 min.
M5 0.7 2,746 min. 1,961 min.
0.8 2,746 min.
3,040 min.
M6 0.9 min. 3,040 min.
0.8 3,923 min. 2,746 min.
0.9 3,138 min.
M8
1.0 4,119 min. 3,531 min.
1.2 min. 4,119 min.
0.8 3,923 min.
-
0.9 5,100 min.
1.0 5,884 min. 4,707 min.
M10 1.2 6,669 min. 5,100 min.
1.4 7,453 min. 6,276 min.
1.6 7,061 min.
8,238 min.
2.0 min. 8,238 min.
1.0 7,846 min. -
1.2 5,884 min.
M12 1.4 6,669 min.
8,238 min.
1.6 7,061 min.
2.0 min. 8,238 min.
7/16 1.6 min. 8,238 min. 8,238 min.

Remark 1. This table is prepared based on the data from the weld nut test method review committee at
Nissan and related manufacturers.
2. The test method shall be in accordance with JIS B 1196 (Weld nuts).

-5-
 M0109 [2014-N]
Normative references: NES M 0110-2011 Tension Testing Methods of Weld Zone
NES M 0111-2011 Method of Shearing Test for Fillet Weld Joint
NES M 0112-2011 Method of Shearing Test for Lap Joint Welded
NES M 0113-2007 Method of Bending Test for Weld Zone
NES M 0114-2013 Fatigue Test Method for Welds
NES M 0115-2007 Routine Test of Welds
NES M 0120-2013 Microscopic Test Method for Weld Zone
NES M 0123-2013 Hardness Test Method for Welds
NES M 0126-2005 Leak Testing Method of Weld Zones
JIS B 7721-2009 Tensile testing machines
JIS B 1196-2010 Weld nuts
JIS Z 3140-1989 Method of inspection for spot weld
References: NES D 0012-2011 Welding Terms
NES D 0107-2004 Characteristic of Car Body Spot Welds
JIS Z 2241-2011 Method of tensile test for metallic materials

-6-
 M0109 [2014-N]
ANNEX
1. Purpose of revision
In this revision, the following items were revised.
(1) Letter omission in Table 1 on page was corrected.
(2) Tensile load in 6. (3)(a) on page 2 was changed to maximum tensile load.
(3) Tensile strength in 6. (3)(c) on page 3 was deleted because it appears before.
(4) Definition of bending strength in 6. (3)(c) on page 3 was added and modified.
(5) Definition of fatigue limit was added to 6. (3)(d) on page 3.
(3) The revision years of the references were updated.

2. History of revision

Established in 1972.
(1) The test types were classified into large category of strength test, cross-section test and
non-destructive test. Individual test methods were classified into 10 different methods.
In addition, test methods such as impact, twist strength, ultrasonic test, etc. will be reviewed in the fu-
ture.
(2) Common items were specified as to the method to prepare testing machine, testing material and test
piece, testing method and indication of test results so that individual standards could be developed.

First revision in 1980

(1) The system including integration and new development of test methods was revised. A part of joints
and welding methods was revised.
(2) The calculation formula of tensile strength and butt joint efficiency was added as the strength calcula-
tion method.
(3) The acceptance criteria of nugget diameter and tensile shear load in spot welding was added.
(4) Weld strength (minimum required torque) of the weld nut was added.

Second revision in 1985

(1) Unit (SI unit) was given.
(2) To ensure welding strength, welding conditions added to the judgement criteria for each welding
strength were deleted.
(3) Welding strength of weld nut has been conventionally assured by torque check. Since the relation be-
tween torque strength and welding strength is low and not practical, the evaluation method was
changed to depression peel strength and it was added.

Third revision in 1995

(1) SI unit was mainly used. The conventional unit was also put in { }.
(2) Along with use of surface treatment steel, small nut, etc, the "Acceptance criteria for depression peel
load of weld nut" was revised. Required weld strength of the weld nut is that fall of the nut does not
occur due to impact from an air tool when the bolts are tightened. This was determined from test evalu-
ations.
(3) However, for the thickness of the base material for which the conventional depression peel load (NES
value × 80%) does not satisfy this value, the proven value of NES value × 80% shall be used.
(4) For the criteria of square nut and hexagonal nut, the current 2 criteria were used.
(5) For M4 nut, the current NES value is acceptable. It remained as it was.

-7-
 M0109 [2014-N]
<Comparison of old and new depression peel load> Unit N
M4 M5・M6 M8 M10 M12 7/16
New criteria
2,942 3,040 4,119 8,237
(MAX value)
Old criteria
2,942 7,845 10,787 12,748 19,613 19,613
(MAX value)
Note: Clearance between weld nut and base material
The clearance between the nut and the base material is not specified in this Standard. When it is nec-
essary to specify this clearance for tightening with the mating bolt, it is specified on the drawing.

Clearance

Fourth revision in 2001

(1) Only the SI unit was used for description and the conventional unit was deleted.
(2) "Acceptance judgement criteria of weld nut depression peel load" was revised. (Integrated to SI unit
description)
(3) In the breaking test, NES M0122 "Breaking Test Method of Weld Zone" was deleted.

Fifth revision in 2003

(1) Considering actual use of test pieces, use of standardized test piece was described.
(2) Penetration rate at the fillet weld was added to measurement of cross-sectional penetration and the
target for measurement was defined.
(3) Considering steel strength and different thickness joint in butt joint efficiency, the standard base
material strength was described.
(4) The following reference tables 1 to 5 were deleted and the spot welding acceptance criteria were
integrated in the design NES. Refer to Design NES D0107 as necessary.

Reference table 1 Acceptance criteria of nugget diameter in spot welding (steel)

Reference table 2 Acceptance criteria of nugget diameter in spot welding (aluminum and aluminum
alloy)
Reference table 3 Acceptance criteria of tensile shear load in spot welding (steel)
Reference table 4 Acceptance criteria of tensile shear load in spot welding (aluminum and alumi-
num alloy)
Reference table 5 Acceptance criteria of nugget diameter and tensile shear load in spot welding
(stainless steel)

Sixth revision in 2010

(1) Along with the revision of M0110 "Tension Testing Methods of Weld Zone", the revision details were
described in this Standard.

-8-