economic Effects OF Crime and Deviance

 Crime forces local and national authorities to spend billions on the prevention OF
crimes an the detection, prosecution and punishment OF crimes.
 Crime has a primary(victims), secondary (community)and total economic impact
 Criminal offences can be aimed against individuals and households,commercial
sector and companies,the public sector and society.
 According to Davidson(1999), the economic effects can be broken down in relation to
individual incidents.
 The categories are: 1.anticipation OF Crime which involves the use of precautionary
measures to avoid crime such as alarms, surveillance,etc
 2. as a consequence OF crime: loss OF property,medical and health costs
 3. In response to crime- involves the cost OF policing, prosecution and court
proceedings and sanctions
SECONDARY IMPACT OF CRIME
 Crime indirectly influences the local,regional and natiomal economy
 Accordingly Detotto and Otranto (2010) crime acts like a tax on the entire economy
 It discourages domestic and foreign direct investment
MACROECONOMIC LEVEL CRIME influences:
1. economic growth
2. Income
3. Labour Force participation
4. Income spent on security measures
5. Reallocation OF resources
6. Uncertainty and Inefficiency
7. reduces competitiveness OF businesses and investment
8. quality OF life
9. impact on property value
10. impact on tourism
o According to congress on Crime Prevention in Thailand, the following crimes affect
the citizens the most: drug trafficking, exploitation OF natural resources,corruption
and misappropriation of funds from banks,
o The most popular issue affecting most countries IS money laundering. Combating
this issue has been ineffective.
o According to Kwesi Saki2013- Money Laundering and the economy in Ghana,an
IMF estimates between 2-5% OF money in the global economy is laundered.
ARTICLES ON MONEY LAUNDERING
 Gleaner- 88 billlion to crush gangs.June2010- Darain Newton.
1. It could cost 1/5 of the current national budget to smash the reign OF gangs-
Audley Shaw.
2. A January 2004 study on business an investment climate indicated that crime
cost the economy 12.4 bil or 3.7 OF GDP because businesses had to close early
because OF crime
3. crime retards the Island's Economic Growth and According to Ian Ball and Dillon
Alleyne, it affects tourism
JAMAICA PAYS DEARLY FOR YOUTH CRIME SAYS UN REPORT- Arthur Hall 2012
1. youth crime IS costing Jamaica billions each year.
2. it is choking the economy
3. According to the UNDP, HD report, Jamaica loses 3.21% OF GDP
4. Jamaica has the highest number of youth convicted crimes in the region
5. Jamaica spends more than U.S 529 million which IS equivalent to 46.5 billion
Jamaican dollars each year to fight youth crime
6. This IS calculated based on direct expenditure and potential revenue which stays
away because OF criminals.
7. Jamaica loses U.S 4.3million investments each year and US 95 million from
tourism.
SOCIAL IMPACTS OF CRIME
 In an article entitled "Deportation as an element OF return migration to the
Caribbean" by Dr Margaret Byron, highlights the following implications:
 Impacts on individuals and families, communities both in UK and Caribbean
islands an also global impacts
OUTCOMES FOR DEPORTEES
o Rescued an reintegrated vs family and friend networks
o adopted by local gangs
o completely isolate and left to live on streets
o Globally deported criminals expand the criminal enterprise in the Caribbean as
criminal networks are widened.
EFFECTS OF CRIME AND DEVIANCE ON SOCIAL WELLBEING.
 CRIME affects people by making them fearful and insecure
 it affects not only physical but mental health as well
 indirect loss IS suffered by crime victims including pmainland suffering, decreased
quality OF life and psychological distress.
 major criminal activities Caucasian individual to become displaced... some have to
move out OF their communities,separate their families and find employment
elsewhere.
 affects socialization of the younger generation who are at risk
 increase in criminal levels erodes confidence in law enforcers.
 it results in capital flight
 According to JESSOP in his article,Jan 2013, capital flight IS the loss OF those with
skills and education who prefer to work in a more certain environment.
 studies by UWI shows that crime has a negative effect on social development as it
diverts limited resources away from health and education
to security
 this affects quality OF life for all
 in a recent address given by Peter Buntin , national security minister, crime and
corruption remain the main obstacle to Jamaica's rapid growth and
development.similar remarks have been made by prime ministers OF Bahamas,
Trinidad and Belize
 JESSOP, executive director OF th Caribbean council,