Information and Signal Theory

(Topic: Mobile Communication System)

 Last Week: Random Process

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Last Week: Random Process

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Last Week: Channel Impulse Response

⚫ Bandpass Signal and Noiseless Received Bandpass Waveform

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Last Week: Channel Impulse Response

⚫ Channel Impulse Response

⚫ Flat Fading Channel

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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Contents

1 Received Signal Correlation

2 PSD of Received Signal

3 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

4 Level Crossing Rate and Fade Duration

 Received Signal Correlation

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of rr ( ) = Er (t ) r (t +  ) =  gIgI ( ) cos 2f c −  gIgQ ( )sin 2f c

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of rr ( ) = Er (t ) r (t +  ) =  gIgI ( ) cos 2f c −  gIgQ ( )sin 2f c

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of rr ( ) = Er (t ) r (t +  ) =  gIgI ( ) cos 2f c −  gIgQ ( )sin 2f c

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of gIgI ( ) =  p /2 E cos(2f m cos ) =  p /2 J 0 (2f m )

gIgQ ( ) = 0

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of gIgI ( ) =  p /2 E cos(2f m cos ) =  p /2 J 0 (2f m )

gIgQ ( ) = 0

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Proof of gIgI ( ) =  p /2 E cos(2f m cos ) =  p /2 J 0 (2f m )

gIgQ ( ) = 0

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Signal Correlation

⚫ Normalized Autocorrelation Function

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

⚫ Doppler Power Spectrum

➢ Autocorrelation of gI(t) = gIgI()

where r (t ) = g I (t ) cos2f ct − gQ (t ) sin 2f c

➢ PSD of SgIgI(f) =  [ gIgI() ]

|Ac()| |Sc(f)| Tc  1/Bd
Tc – Coherence time of the channel
BD – maximum Doppler spread of the
channel

 f

➢ Two signals separated in time by more than Tc are affected differently by

the channel

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

⚫ Second Method to derive Doppler Spectrum

➢ Since received power = G()p()d

S rr ( f ) df =  p / 4 (G ( ) p ( ) + G (−  ) p (−  )) d
➢ Proof

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 PSD of Received Signal

⚫ Second Method to derive Doppler Spectrum

➢ Since received power = G()p()d

S rr ( f ) df =  p / 4 (G ( ) p ( ) + G (−  ) p (−  )) d
➢ Proof

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Rayleigh Fading: when the composite received signal consists of a large

number of plane waves in rich scattering channel, the received complex envelope

g(t) = gI(t) + j gQ(t) can be treated as a wide-sense stationary complex Gaussian

random process with zero mean

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Rayleigh Fading

One second of Rayleigh fading with a One second of Rayleigh fading with a
maximum Doppler shift of 10 Hz. maximum Doppler shift of 100 Hz.

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Rician Fading: exists in a scattering channel with a specular or Line-of-Sight

(LoS) component, where gI(t) and gQ(t) are Gaussian random process with non-
zero means mI(t) and mQ(t)

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Rician Fading

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Rician Fading

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Nakagami Fading

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution

⚫ Nakagami Fading

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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 Level Crossing Rate

⚫ Questions related to Level Crossing Rate and Fade Duration

➢ What is the number fades per given time interval?

➢ How often does the envelope cross a specified level?

➢ How long does the envelope remain below a specified level?

Information source: G. L. Stuber, GIT

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