Total flow rate Residence Concentration

Flow rate Flow rate of NaOH,

of solutions, time, Conversion,
of of F0 (mL/min)
Temperature Conductivit CNaOH (M) X (%)
Tim
(°C)
NaOH, Et(Ac),
=FNaOH + FEt(Ac) t (min) y (mS/cm) (from (from
e FNaOH FEt(Ac)
TI-101 (selfcalculation) (from QI-401 calibration calibration
(mL/min (mL/min
equation curve) curve)
) FI-301 ) FI-302
above)
0 30.5 100 100 200 0.12500 11.04 0.050384 -0.056

5 30.5 96 99 195 0.12821 10.97 0.049887 0.9342

10 30.6 96 99 196 0.12755 10.90 0.04939 1.924

15 30.9 99 97 196 0.12755 10.83 0.048893 2.9138

20 31.0 97 99 196 0.12755 10.76 0.048396 3.9036

25 31.2 102 102 204 0.12135 10.70 0.04797 4.752

30 31.3 96 99 195 0.12821 10.61 0.047331 6.0246

tave =
12.65

Total flow rate Residence Concentration

Flow rate of Flow rate of of solutions, time, of NaOH, Conversion,
Temperature NaOH, Et(Ac), F0 (mL/min) Conductivity CNaOH (M) X (%)
Time (°C) FNaOH FEt(Ac) =FNaOH + FEt(Ac)  (min) (mS/cm) (from (from
TI-101 (mL/min) (mL/min) (selfcalculation) (from QI-401 calibration calibration
FI-301 FI-302 equation curve) curve)
above)
0 31.5 202 198 400 0.06250 10.32 0.045272 10.1252

5 31.7 201 201 402 0.06218 10.26 0.044846 10.9736

10 31.8 204 198 402 0.06218 10.17 0.044207 12.2462

15 31.9 202 196 398 0.06281 10.14 0.043994 12.6704

20 32.0 201 199 400 0.06250 10.10 0.04371 13.2360

25 32.0 195 201 396 0.06313 10.08 0.043568 13.5188

30 32.1 195 197 392 0.06377 10.05 0.043355 13.9430

tave =
6.27
 Concentration Vs Conductivity
0.06
0.05
Concentration (M)

f(x) = 0.01 x − 0.03

0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Conductivity

Figure 1~ (Concentration Vs Conductivity)

Slope = 0.0071
Intercept – Y = -0.028

Conversion (%) Vs Conductivity

120%

100%
f(x) = − 0.14 x + 1.56
80%
Conversion (%)

60%

40%

20%

0%
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Conductivity

Figure 2~ (Conversion Vs Conductivity)

Slope = -0.1414
Intercept – Y = 1.5605
 Conversion(%) Vs Time (min)
7
6
5 f(x) = 0.2 x − 0.07
Conversion(%)

4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-1
Time

Firgure 3~ 100(mL/min)

Conversion(%) Vs Time (min)

16
14
f(x) = 0.13 x + 10.51
12
Conversion (%)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (min)

Firgure 4~ 200(mL/min)

Second Order
100 mL/min

(C ¿ ¿ A 0−C A ) 0.0500384−0.05000
F A0 2
=200 =2.844 ¿
K CA 0.0027
200 mL/min

(C ¿ ¿ A 0−C A ) 0.045272−0.05000
F A0 2
=400 =−1112.47¿
KC A
0.0017

For 100 mL/min

Reaction rate constant,k

(CAo−CA ) (0.0500384 M −0.047331 M ) 0.0027074
= Ʈavg CA ² = ( = min . M
= 0.0027 dm3/mol.min
12.65 min ) (0.047331 M )²
Rate of reaction, -rA
= kCA2
0.0027074
= min . M x (0.047331 M)2

= 6.06518 x 10-6 mol/dm3.min

For 200 mL/min

Reaction rate constant,k

(CAo−CA ) (0.045272 M −0.043355 M ) 0.00917
= Ʈavg CA ² = ( = min . M = 0.388 dm3/mol.min
6.27 min ) (0.43355 M ) ²
Rate of reaction, -rA
= kCA2
0.00917
= min . M x (0.43355 M)2

= 1.72324 x10−3 mol/dm3.min

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) are open systems that allow material to freely
enter and leave and operate in a steady-state mode, meaning the conditions in the reactor do not
change over time. Products are continuously extracted while reactants are continuously added
into the reactor. CSTRs are made up of a tank with a constant volume and a stirring system for
mixing reactants. There are also feed and exit pipes for introducing reactants and removing
materials. In a CSTR, liquid phase reaction kinetics were studied. It is possible to quantify
conversion at various residence times.

The purposed of this experiment is to find out the effect of RTD on the reaction in a
CSTR by carrying out saponification reaction between NaOH and Et(Ac) in a CSTR. Other than
that, is to determine te effct of residence time (t) on the extent of convesion

The equipment was run with two different flowrate which were 100ml/L and 200ml/L.
For 100ml/L flowrate, the concentration of NaOH was obtained from the calibration curve. The
highest concentration of NaOH is 0.050384 M and the lowest concentration is 0.047331 M For
200ml/L flowrate, the highest concentration of NaOH is 0.045272 M and the lowest
concentration of NaOH is 0.043355 M. .From the table of the collected data we can conclude
that the concentration decrease along with the increase of time.

With the obtained data, the conversion, X can be calculated. For 100ml/L flowrate the
highest conversion recorded was 6.0246% at 30th minutes. While for 200ml/L flowrate the
highest conversion recorded was 13.9430% at 30 minutes. Based on the graph of conversion, X
vs reaction time, for both 100ml/L and 200 ml/L graph, both of the conversion increase with the
reaction time. Althought both of the graph conversion value increase with the time reaction, but
the 100ml/ L graph have the higher slopes the the 200ml/ L

The total amount of time a particle spends in a system is called residence time. The
residence time is a measure of how long it takes for the concentration in the sediment to shift
dramatically. Conversion is a more accurate way of measuring how far the reaction has
progressed, or how many moles of products are produced with every mole of reactant consumed.
The rate of reaction is known as the rate at which reactants disappear or products are formed.
The rate of reaction refers to how quickly a large number of moles of one chemical species react
to form another. The stoichiometric coefficient of each species refers to the rate of reaction of
that species.

If the system's size is modified, the system's residence time will change as well. The
longer the residence time, the greater the device. The system's residence time would be reduced
if the inflow and outflow are increased. However, if a system's inflow and outflow are reduced,
the residence time will be extended.