The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class

10 Notes | CBSE History

This is class 10 history chapter 1 the rise of nationalism in europe notes.

What is Nationalism?

● It’s a belief system that produces a sense of common identity among

the public of a nation.
● Some famous 20th-century nationalist regimes are Adolf Hitler
(Germany), Sun Yat-sen (Republic of China), etc.

Basic Concept about Painting

● A French artist Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four print in 1848.
● Aim of print was to visualize his dream of a world made up of a
democratic & social republic.
● This painting was one of the 4 prints.
● In the painting people of Europe & America were shown.
● The people shown in the painting were of all age & social classes and all
were giving homage to the statue of liberty.
Explain Napoleonic code or civil code
of 1804?
● Privilege based on the birth was abolish.
● He secured the right of property.
● He established equality before the law and simplified administrative
division.
● Abolished the feudal system.
● The free peasant from serfdom & manorial dues.
● The transport of the communication system was improved
● Peasant, artisan, worker & new businessman enjoyed freedom in their
field.
● Uniform law was introduce.
● Standardized weight & measure were adopt.
● The common national currency was introduce to facilitate.

Structure of Society of Europe(in middle

18th century)

1. Aristocracy:-

● It was the dominant class on the continent.

● They belong to high class and most of them were landlords.
 ● They were less in population.
● The member of this class was united by a common way of life.
● They owned estate in the countryside and also the townhouse.
● They spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy(politics).

2. Peasantry group:-

● They were large in population and belong to the low class.

● They were landless and tenants.
● In the western part of Europe, most lands were form by tenants.
● While in eastern and central Europe the land was farmed by serfs.

3. New middle class:-

● With the growth of industrialization, a new commercial group came into

existence called the new middle class.
● They were educated people like businessman, merchant, teacher, lawyer,
etc.
● They were wealthy and educated.
● Their demand was liberal nationalism.

Treaty of Vienna(1815)
 ● In 1815, representative of European power Britain, Russia, Prussia, and
Austria defeated Napoleon in the Waterloo.
● After they met in Vienna for the settlement of Europe.
● The meeting was hosted by the Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich.
● The basic object of this treaty was to undo most of the change that had
come in Europe during the Napoleon period.
● The monarchy was continued in France, the Bourbon dynasty restored to
power in France revolution.
● France lost its territories which was expanded by Napoleon.
● The German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.
● A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent
France’s expansion in the future.
● Austria was given control of northern Italy.
● Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
● The main intention was to restore the monarchy.

Nature of Conservation in Europe set up

in 1815
● It was autocratic and if anybody criticizes or opposes conservation they
were punish.
● No one can question the legitimacy of autocratic govt.
 ● Censorship was introduce to check out magazines, book poems, stories,
etc.

Giuseppe Mazzini- A Revolutionary

1. He was a famous Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa in 1807.
2. He became a member of the secret society ‘the Carbonari’.
3. In 1831, at the age of 24, he was sent into exile for attempting a
revolution in Liguria.
4. He formed two secret societies (a) Young Italy (b) Young Europe.
5. Young Italy was set in Marseille and young Berne was in Europe.
6. Its members were from Poland, France, and the German state.
7. He believed that:-
1. should not be divided into small states and kingdom.
2. Italy should be a unified republic and be a democratic country.

The Age of Revolution(1830-48)

1. The revolution in 1830-1848 was led by liberals.
2. The new middle class was called liberals.
3. These revolutions were led by the new middle class and they were
school teachers, clerks, professors, lawyers & members of the
commercial class.
Explain the role of language in developing in
the nationalist sentiment in Europe?

● Poland was occupied by Russia.

● The Polish language was force out of the school and the Russian
language was imposed everywhere.
● In 1831, an armed rebellion happen against Russian, but it was crush by
Russian.
● Following this member of Clergies and Bishops in Poland began to use
Polish as a weapon of a national struggle.
● Polish was used for a church gathering and all religious instruction.
● As a result, a large number of Clergies and Bishops were sent to jail or
sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as a punishment for their
refusal to preach in Russia.
● Polish becomes a symbol of the national struggle.