What Is Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)?
Multiple linear regression (MLR), also known simply as
multiple regression, is a statistical technique that uses
several explanatory variables to predict the outcome of
a response variable. The goal of multiple linear
regression (MLR) is to model the linear
relationship between the explanatory (independent)
variables and response (dependent) variable.
In essence, multiple regression is the extension of
ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression because it
involves more than one explanatory variable.
What is a Latin Square?
A Latin square is an ancient puzzle where you try to
figure out how many ways Latin letters can be arranged
in a set number of rows and columns (a matrix); each
symbol appears only once in each row and column. It’s
called a Latin square because it was developed based on
Leonard Euler’s works, which used Latin symbols.
However, any letters can be used.
What is Hypothesis?
Hypothesis is an assumption that is made on the basis of
some evidence. This is the initial point of any
investigation that translates the research questions into
a prediction. It includes components like variables,
population and the relation between the variables. A
research hypothesis is a hypothesis that is used to test
the relationship between two or more variables.
What Are Nonparametric Statistics?
Nonparametric statistics refers to a statistical method in
which the data are not assumed to come from
prescribed models that are determined by a small
number of parameters; examples of such models
include the normal distribution model and the linear
regression model. Nonparametric statistics sometimes
uses data that is ordinal, meaning it does not rely on
numbers, but rather on a ranking or order of sorts. For
example, a survey conveying consumer preferences
ranging from like to dislike would be considered ordinal
data. Nonparametric statistics includes
nonparametric descriptive statistics, statistical models,
inference, and statistical tests. The model structure of
nonparametric models is not specified a priori but is
instead determined from data. The
term nonparametric is not meant to imply that such
models completely lack parameters, but rather that the
number and nature of the parameters are flexible and
not fixed in advance. A histogram is an example of a
nonparametric estimate of a probability distribution.
Parametric Methods
Methods are classified by what we know about the
population we are studying. Parametric methods are
typically the first methods studied in an introductory
statistics course. The basic idea is that there is a set of
fixed parameters that determine a probability model.
Parametric methods are often those for which we know
that the population is approximately normal, or we can
approximate using a normal distribution after we
invoke the central limit theorem. There are two
parameters for a normal distribution: the mean and the
standard deviation.
Ultimately the classification of a method as parametric
depends upon the assumptions that are made about a
population. A few parametric methods include:
 Confidence interval for a population mean,
with known standard deviation.
 Confidence interval for a population mean,
with unknown standard deviation.
 Confidence interval for a population variance.
 Confidence interval for the difference of two
means, with unknown standard deviation.
Efficiency of a RBD
Is the RBD more efficient than a CRD in terms of
estimating a treatment effect µ+αi? Greater efficiency in
an estimation sense also translates into greater power in
testing for a treatment effect.
Let σ 2 CR and σ 2 RB denote the error variances for
completely randomized and randomized block designs,
respectively. Typically, we will have σ 2 CR ≥ σ 2 RB
since the experimental units in a CRD will be subject to
the variation within a block plus variation between
blocks. The quantity σ 2 RB represents only variation
within in a block.
The variance of X¯i· , the estimate of µ + αi , is σ 2 CR/n
for the CRD and σ 2 RB/b for the RBD, where n is the
number of replications of each treatment in the CRD
and b the number of blocks in the RBD. To have the
same variance for each design, we need σ 2 CR n = σ 2
RB b , or n = b × σ 2 CR σ 2 RB .
So, to get the same efficiency from a CRD that we’d get
using b blocks, n would have to be σ 2 CR/σ2 RB times
b. The ratio σ 2 CR/σ2 RB is termed the relative
efficiency of the RBD. An estimate of the relative
efficiency is given by RE = (b − 1)MSB + b(t − 1)MSE
(bt − 1)MSE . 123 In our semiconductor example, RE =
(5 − 1)492.125 + 5(4 − 1)130.925 [5(4) − 1]130.925 =
1.58. It is estimated that for a CRD we would have
needed n to be about 5(1.58) ≈ 8 to achieve the same
efficiency as the RBD.
Partial correlation

Partial correlation is a process in which we measure of

the strength and also direction of a linear relationship

between two continuous variables while controlling for

the effect of one or more other continuous variables it is

called 'covariates' and also 'control' variables.in partial

correlation between independent and dependent

variables has not distinction.

Multiple correlation

multiple correlation is the process in statistics, the

coefficient of multiple correlation is the measure of how

well a given variable can be predicted using a linear

function of the set other variables. It is

a correlation between the different variable's values and

the best predictions that can be computed linearly from

the predictive variables. The coefficient of multiple

correlation takes the values between 0 and 1.