University of Science and Technology of the Southern Philippines

C.M. Recto Avenue, Lapasan Cagayan de Oro City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Project Proposal:
Sugarcane Juice Extractor

Authors:
Edol, Earl Leonil L.
Quijano, Carl Robert
Macasarte, Phillip Guiller S.
Selerio, Juniel D.
Villegas, Louie Angelo L.
BSME 4b_f2

Submitted to:
Engr. Adonis Closas
August 17, 2018
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Sugarcane is the common name of a species of herb belonging to the grass family. It
grows up to heights of 2 to 7 meters having clumped up, jointed, cylindrical, stout stalks; of
diameter 1.25cm to 7.25cm. Several different horticultural varieties are known, and they
differ by their stem color and length. Sugarcane has been cultivated since ancient times. It is a
very easy, and profitable plant to grow, but does not naturally reproduce very effectively. It
grew plentifully in the southern states, and was a major source of income for many
plantations. Based on its land use factor, its value of calories per unit area is highest for any
plant. Furthermore, due to the content of sugarcane - 70% water, 14% fiber, 13.3%
saccharine ( about 10 -15% sucrose), and 2.7% soluble impurities – it provides 60% of the
world’s sugar production while the rest is provided by sugar beet.
The sugar cane family is made up of over 30 sugar cane varieties. Sugar cane is a
perennial grass that thrives in hot, humid locations like Brazil and India. The sugar derived
from sugar cane is used in syrups, juices, and molasses, but the rest of the plant can also be
used in the production of environmentally friendly paper products. Sugar cane is a
subtropical/tropical grass that originated in Papua, New Guinea and spread throughout
Southeast Asia, India, the Mediterranean, and the Caribbean, Hawaii and the southern United
States because of human migration and the slave trade. The migrations have also resulted in
hybrid sugar cane plants. The juice from the sugar cane's stalk is highly prized and is the
source of 70 percent of the world's sugar. It also has the highest number of calories per unit
area of any plant. Fresh sugarcane juices a popular beverage in many countries particularly in
Asian region such as China, India, Malaysia and Thailand due to its taste and cheap price. It
is served in many eateries from roadside stalls to five-star hotel dining halls. Additionally,
sugarcane juice is used for the medication in some countries. For instance, the Indian systems
of medicine have utilized it to cure jaundice and liver-related disorders. Flavonoids that can
be found in sugarcane juice have the abilities to protect cells from degenerative processes and
to reduce the development of health problems such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Although the industrial production of sugarcane juice has a business potential, the selling of
sugarcane juice cannot be expanded as expected owing to its rapid quality descent. The juice
concentration is deemed as a solution to lengthen the shelf-life, reduce the storage and
shipping costs, and elevate the consumer safety while preserving the fresh quality of
sugarcane juice.
1.2 State of the Problem
Sugarcane juice, over the years, has been successfully used in the production and
manufacturing of the edible refined sugar; using machines which were fabricated and
constructed to large scale production, industrialization and large capital requirements. This
makes the extraction of sugarcane juice a fantasy to local or small-scale industrial
establishments. Thus, this amputates the involvement of small-scale farmers in the business
of sugarcane juice extraction and refined sugar production; at large. In some places, it is quite
remote for those who are subsistent in agricultural practices to take part in sugar production
practices in the scope of their practice.

1.3 Main Objective

The main objective in this study is to design and manufacture a sugarcane juice extractor
machine. It is aimed at providing a base for the local commercial production of a sugarcane
juice extractor machine, using locally available raw materials at a relatively low cost. The
successful fabrication of a sugarcane juice extractor machine is one of the major, if not the
major challenge in sugarcane processing.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Local farmers often lacks the equipment in processing products e.g. sugarcane.
Processing sugarcanes usually requires huge machinery to extract juice from the sugarcane.
The range of this study is to help local farmers have a small scale machinery that will help
them in the production of sugarcanes using affordable equipment. This study could also have
potential in having a small business like selling fresh juice out of sugarcane

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study focus only in the sugarcane, to design juice extractor machine at a
relatively low cost to help lessen the work of the farmers in juice extracting from manual
operation to automatic operation. This study limits only in the sugarcane farmers.
 CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITEREATURE

2.1 Historical Background

Sugar cane juice extractor machine is a machine used to extract the juice from sugar
cane. Sugar cane juice extractor machine were built since 1800 years back and it’s been
evolving since. These juice extractor machines were built to help human extract the juice
from sugar cane through crushing and rolling process. Sugar canes are popular on country
such as India, Thailand, Brazil, China and India subcontinent.

The development of this machine has been started hundreds years back on many
countries. Crushing a sugar cane requires strong force due to its strong and hard
characteristics. Juice extractor machines were built mostly focused on the mechanical of the
machine. The efficiency of machine depends on the mechanical system that has been
designed on the machine. Mechanical power is the most essential needs in these identified
areas (Olaoye, 2011). There are two types of sugar cane juice extractor machine that can be
categorized under this topic which is the conventional juice extractor and modern juice
extractor.

In this modern day, sugar cane juice seller uses modern extractor machine because it
does not require force to extract the juice. Modern sugar cane juice extractor machine uses
motor in solution of replacing the human force. There are two types of power source, petrol
engine and electric motor. Petrol engine were introduced to sugar cane juice extractor
machine before electric motor. Belting is used to transfer the force from the engine to sets of
gear. Petrol engine produce loud noise during operation and emit harmful gas such as Carbon
Monoxide.

Electric motor is introduced for sugar cane juice extractor machine as a solution for
petrol engine generator. Electric motor does not produce loud noise and emit harmful gas
unlike petrol engine. However, the bigger the torque of motor, the more current it consumes
to operate. Most electric motor powered extractor machine uses spur gear for force
transmitting and load reduction. The forces from motor are rotating on the same rotation axis
of the roller. The currently available sugarcane juice extractors require high energy and
sophisticated mills, driven mechanically (Olaoye, 2011).
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials Selection

Components Function
Adjusting Screw  Connected to the top roller so adjust the
diameter clearance size of the sugar cane.
Bottom Roller Vertical Groove Connected to a ring gear in a bushing type
and it rotates into a counter clockwise.
Bushing Bushing, also known as a bush, is an
independent plain bearing that is inserted
into a housing to provide a bearing
surface for rotary applications; this is the
most common form of a plain bearing. This
will hold the top roller in place
Crown helical gear A helical crown gear that is mesh into the
pinion gear to transmit torque.
Mechanical Belt A belt is used as a source of motion, to
transmit power efficiently or to track
relative movement.
Shaft  A shaft is a rotating machine element,
usually circular in cross section, which is
used to transmit power from one part to
another.
Top Roller Horizontal Groove A free wheel roller connected to the
adjusting screw through a bushing type of
bearing so it can roll freely.
Pinion Gear A gear that is mesh into the crown gear to
transmit torque.
3.2 Schematic Diagram

Isometric View

Front View
Rearview

Top View
Left Side View

Right Side View

3.3 Theoretical Framework
Processing of sugarcane starts with the extraction of juice from sugarcane stalk.
Several methods of juice extraction were in used. These methods included boiling the cane to
extract the juice, use of wooden presses and application of more sophisticated mills driven
mechanically or by bullocks (Okogie, 1980). The high power requirements during processing
of sugarcane constitute the major constrain in the development of small scale sugar
processing plants. This also explains why natural sugar juice is not generally available. The
average power distributions for a medium size sugar factory powered by electricity or steam
turbine at crushing rate of 170 tons/hour is presented in Table 1. The recent upsurge of
interest in generation of biofuels from plant material has necessitated current waves of
interest in the partial mechanization of cane juice extraction and coupled with the production
of bio ethanol for domestic and industrial application (Galitsky et al., 2007). The
development of a small scale sugarcane juice extractor was therefore to meet the needs of the
small scale farmers who cannot avoid high capacity and complex cane crushers.

3.4 Design Calculations

ρ=8000 N =30 rpm - Standard values from ACSE
2 −3 3
V =2 π r 2 h V =2 π ( 0.0381 ) ( 0.3048 ) V 1=1.38999 x 10 m - Volume of the roller body
kg
V =2 π r 2 h 3
V =2 π ( 0.0635 )2 ( 0.1016 ) V 2=1.287 x 10−3 m3 - Volume of the shaft
m
V t =V 1 +V 2 V t =1.38999 x 1 0−3 +1.287 x 1 0−3 V t =2.67699 x 1 0−3 m3 - Total Volume of
roller

m=ρV m=( 8000 ) ( 2.67699 x 1 0−3 ) m=21.41592 kg - Mass of the roller

We consulted to a known Mechanical engineer that the power of the motor is
P=1.5hp = 1.11855 KW

2 π NT
P= 60
2 π (30) T
1.11855(1000)= 60
1.11855(1000)(60)
T= 2 π (30) = 356.046 N.m
4. Results and Discussions
The machine was tested for the juicing process. It shows our created machine has better
overall efficiency than its manual equivalent. The Extractor runs at a lesser efficiency than
expected due to the lack of rollers in one pass, discrepancies during fabrication and the
quality of materials used. In spite of these limitations, the machine still functions as proposed.

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

The sugarcane juice extractor with a capacity of was created and tested. The machine has low
running and maintenance costs with a respectable efficiency, thus possessing minimalism in
operation and maintenance. This may go a long way if distributed commercially, as it can be
readily available for domestic and local use. One way of improving this machine is to add
more rollers as it will improve efficiency by extracting more juice in one pass. We also
recommend to use lightweight materials but have the same durability as the materials used in
this project.

Reference:
https://rspublication.com/ijst/june13/8.pdf
http://www.panelamonitor.org/media/docrepo/document/files/improvement-of-the-
fabrication-and-testing-of-a-sugarcane-juice-extractor-for-the-cottage-industry.pdf
http://www.panelamonitor.org/media/docrepo/document/files/improvement-of-the-
fabrication-and-testing-of-a-sugarcane-juice-extractor-for-the-cottage-industry.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267234160_Development_of_a_sugarcane_juice_e
xtractor_for_small_scale_industries