CAMBRIDGE

Institute of Sure Success________ VERB_______________________________________

A verb is a doing word which shows some action or work.
Kinds of Verbs:
The verbs primarily have two kinds:

1. Helping / Auxiliary Verbs: These verbs do not directly show an action. These verbs also have
two kinds:
(a) Simple Auxiliaries / Helping Verbs: Is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being, has, have, had,
do, does, and did.
(b) Model Auxiliaries: Can, could, should, ought to, must, may, might, shall, will, would.
Dare, need, have to and used to also share some of the features of modal verbs.

2. Action / Main Verbs: These verbs directly show some action i.e. (He is writing a letter.)
3.
FORMS: Action / Main verbs have four forms:
Sr. # Forms of the Verb Names of the Forms Example
1. 1st form Present Catch
2. 2nd form Past Caught
rd
3. 3 Form Past Participle Caught
4. 4th Form Present Participle Catching

KINDS: Action / Main Verbs have two kinds:

1. Regular Verbs or Weak Verbs ( )
2. Irregular Verbs or Strong Verbs ( )

REGULAR VERBS
These verbs follow some rules to make their 2nd and 3rd forms out of their 1st form.
Rule: Add (d, ed, or ied) to the 1st form of a regular verb to make its 2nd and 3rd forms:
Sr. # 1st Form 2nd Form 3rd Form 4th form
1. Smile Smiled smiled Smiling
2. Recite Recited Recited Reciting
3. Carry Carried Carried Carrying
4. Apply Applied Applied Applying
5. Play Played Played Playing
6. Annoy Annoyed Annoyed Annoying
7. Watch Watched Watched Watching
8. Treat Treated Treated Treating

IRREGULAR VERBS
These verbs follow no specific rule. Their 1 st, 2nd and 3rd forms are often different.

By: Sir Aamir Abro

CAMBRIDGE
Institute of Sure Success________ VERB_______________________________________
Sr. # 1st Form 2nd Form 3rd Form 4th form
1. Beat Beat Beaten Beating
2. Buy Bought Bought Buying
3. Spread Spread Spread Spreading
4. Go Went Gone Going
5. Come Came Come Coming
6. Run Ran Run Running
7. Cut Cut Cut cutting
8. Read Read Read Reading

IRREGULARITIES IN BOTH REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

1. Omission of “e”: If a verb, whether regular or irregular, ends in an “e’, remove that “e” and
add “ing” for making its 4th i.e. present participle form:
Smile = Smiling Slide = Sliding
Reserve = Reserving Write = Writing
Recite = Reciting Ride = Riding

2. (a) Doubling the last consonant: If a verb starts with a consonant, ends in a consonant and
is preceded by a vowel, double the last consonant:
Cut = Cutting Run = Running
Hit = Hitting Ban = Banning / Banned
Sit = Sitting Fan = Fanning / fanned

Note: In case of four letters and three sounds, here also the last consonant will be doubled:
Shut = Shutting Stop = Stopping / Stopped
Chat = Chatting / chatted Wrap = Wrapping / Wrapped

(b) In case of five or more letters, if a verb ends in a consonant, is preceded by a vowel and
has a stress on the last consonant, double the last consonant:
Cancel = Cancelling / Cancelled Transfer = Transferring / Transferred

Compel = Compelling / Compelled Begin = Beginning

3. If a verb ends in “ie”, remove both “i & e” and add “ying” to make its 4th i.e. present participle
form: Die = Dying, Lie = Lying, Tie = Tying

4. If a verb ends in “ye”, don’t remove any letter, just add “ing” to make its 4th i.e. present participle
form: Dye = Dyeing, Eye = Eyeing / Eying

By: Sir Aamir Abro