Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral

Republik Indonesia

Geothermal Development Program to Achieve

National Energy Mix

Dr. Dadan Kusdiana, M.Sc

Director General of New Energy, Renewable Energy
and Energy Conservation

Presented for University of Brawijaya Geothermal Webinar Series

Jakarta, February 3rd 2021

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 NRE IN NATIONAL ENERGY MIX

Geothermal Other NRE Bioenergy TOTAL

12% 11,5% • Acceleration program is needed to achieve
11% the 23% target by 2025
10% • Focus on NRE implementation is quicker to
9,2%
9% 8,5% achieve competitive generation costs
• Correction of electricity demand growth
8%
1,9% 3,0% (2.4%*) in 2020) and the existing electricity
7% 6,7%
6,1% generation capacity is quite large for the
6% 1,6%
5,0% 1,5% Jawa-Sumatera-Bali system.
5% • NRE development activities as a strategy in
0,7%
4% 4,8% 4,5% the national economic recovery program
3% 3,6%
2,9% 3,3%
*) YoY data as of October 2020
2%
1% 1,5% 1,8% 1,7%
1,4% 1,3%
0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1. 2016 Biofuel program starts with B20 (PSO) 4 MKL, geothermal power plants 205MW COD (Sarulla #1 (110MW), Lahendong #5&6 (2x20MW), Ulubelu #3 (55MW))
2. 2018 Biofuel B20 all sector 6 MKL, wind power Sidrap 75MW COD dan geothermal power plants 140MW COD
3. 2019 wind power Jeneponto 72MW COD and other geothermal power plants of 182,4MW (Lumut Balai #1 55MW, Sorik Marapi #1 42,4MW dan Muaralaboh #1 85MW)
4. 2020 Biofuel program starts B30 with targets of 8,4 MKL , hydro power plant Poso 66 MW, microhydro power plant Sion 12,1 MW, Bio mass power plant Merauke 3,5 MW

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 NRE POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY

Total Total
10,4 GW 418 GW
Photo voltaic 0,15 GW 207,8 GW

Hydro 6,12 GW 75 GW
Bioenergy, hydro, and geothermal dominates
Wind 0,15 GW
installed capacity. During last 2 years, installed 60,6 GW
capacity has started to increase due to lower
Biomass 1,90 GW costs of PV and wind power technology 32,6 GW
unaffected by intermittency
Geothermal 2,13 GW 23,9 GW

Ocean Wave 0 GW 17,9 GW*)

Bio Fuel 8,46 Juta KL 12 Juta KL

*) Researches on Ocean Energy:

• Ocean wave technology:
o Oscillating Water Column (OWC) has potency on the south of Enggano Island, Bengkulu.
o Heaving Device has potential on Mentawai Archipelago.
• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), has potency on the north of Bali Island.
• Feasibility Study of ocean energy technology has been done in Alas Strait (between Lombok and Sumbawa Island), Sape Strait (between
Sumbawa and Komodo Island) and Pantar Strait (between Pantar and Alor Island) by Balitbang ESDM

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 NATIONAL COMMITMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE

Global Commitment
Paris Agreement Target:
Keeping a global temperature rise below 2oC above
pre-industrial levels, and even further below 1,5oC

National Determined Commitment:

Mandate Law No.16/2016 about
Ratification of Paris Agreement
Sector CO2 Mitigation (Million Ton)
Counter Measure (CM) CM 1 CM 2
Energy 314 398
Waste 11 26
IPPU (Industry) 2.75 3.26
Agriculture 9 4
Forestry 497 650
Mitigation action will be conducted Total 834 1081
through:
CM 1: 29% Business as Usual Scenario
1. Shifting subsidy budget from fuel CM 2: 41% with international supports
subsidy into more productive sector
(infrastructures);
2. 23% RE portion of the total national Energy Sector Commitment:
GHG emission mitigation from energy sector is targeted
primary energy mix by 2025; at 314 – 398 Million Ton CO2 by 2030, through RE development, energy
3. Waste to Energy (WtE) efficiency & conservation implementation, clean technology
application, and reclamation of post mining land.
implementation.

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 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND UTILIZATION IN INDONESIA

23.765,5

Indonesia has enormous geothermal resources which about 23,7 GW (Geological Agency, 2020).
However, its utilization for electricity generation is 2,13 GW.
PLN’s electricity systems (especially Java & Sumatera) are in over-supplied condition. Covid-19 pandemics
reduce the electricity demand significantly from General National Energy Plan.
Government encourages geothermal development, both for electricity generation and direct-use applications
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 GEOTHERMAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
RUEN2020-2030
target shifting due to changes in assumptions
growth and electricity demand as result of COVID-1
10000
RUEN target shifting due to changes in assumptions for economic 9300
Law of growth and electricity demand as result of COVID-19 pandemic8888.3
Law of Energy 9000 8476.6
Geothermal 10000 2500
81
30/2007 9300 8064.9 9300
21/2014 8000 7653.2 7780 7875
8888,3 8865
9000 8476,6 7241.5
7000 8064,9 8145 8335 6920
7780 7875
National Energy 7653,2

Installed capacity (MW)

8000 6242.5 2000
Policy (KEN) 7241,5 5755
6000 6920 5385

Additional capacity (MW)

Govt Reg 79/2014 7000
6242,5 5067.5

Installed capacity (MW)

5000 1165
4417.5
5755 4505
6000 1500
National Energy Plan 5385 929 880
(RUEN) 5067,5 4000 3559.5 3576 860
5000 1165
Pres Decree 22/2017 4417,5 3109.5
4505 2971
3000 2656 605
4000 929 880
2326 2401 1000
3559,5 3576 2130 860
Electricity 3109,5
Strategic Project Infrastructure
29712000 315 370
3000 2656 605 255 27
Pres Reg 56/2018 2326 2401 196
Pres Reg 14/2017 jo. 2130 1000 530
jo Pres Reg 75 95
Pres Reg 4/2016 435
3/2016 2000 0 370 500
315 270
255 0
196 190
1000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
95 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 20
75
4.607 MW 0
RUPTL PLN (2019-2028) 0 RUEN
National Energy Plan (RUEN) 0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Geothermal
Road 2031
Road
Map Panas 2032 2033 2034 2035
Map2020-2035
Bumi 2020-2035
National Energy Plan (RUEN)
RUEN Additional capacity
Penambahan Geothermal
Kapasitas dari Road Road Map 2020-2035
Map Panas Bumi 2020-
Geothermal
Road Road
Map Panas Map2020-2035
Bumi 2020-2035
Additional capacity
Penambahan Geothermal
Kapasitas dari Road Road Map 2020-2035
Map Panas Bumi 2020-2035
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 CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Several prospect areas located in conservation forest - Cost-efficiency and

Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS) project feasibility

Funding Issues
Social Issues
Uncertainty of geothermal resources and
limitations of local electricity demand

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 INCENTIVES IN GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT

TAX IMPORT DUTY DISCHARGE OF

ALLOWANCE FACILITY LAND VALUE TAX

1. Gov. Regulation No. 78 of 2019 MoF Regulation No. 172 of

2. MoF Regulation No. 35 of 2018 2016
MoF Regulation No. 218 of 2019
about Import Duty Facility Reduction of Land Value Tax up
Facility:
to 100% on Exploration stage
1. 30% reduction of Net Value Items: Goods and machine
Added Tax (PPh Neto) from Facility could be gained for
operation on geothermal business Geothermal License Holder in 5
investment value in 6 years
(investment tax credit) years with 2 years extended
2. Acceleration of depreciation and time
The facilities can be used by :
amortization 1. Join Operation Contract
3. 10% Dividend Value Added Tax Started in 2017
Operator
imposition 2. Business entity (Geothermal
4. Compensation of loss for 5-10 license holders, PSPE
years executors)
TAX HOLIDAY
Geothermal: KBLI 06202

Min. Investment: IDR 100 Billion 1. MoF Regulation No. 150 of 2018
2. BKPM Regulation No. 1 of 2019

8
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 GOVERNMENT PROGRAM TO ACHIEVE THE TARGET
1. Government Exploration Drilling Program
• In order to improve the quality of data before an area is offered to a business entity, MEMR through c.q Geological Agency will
conduct geothermal exploration drilling in 20 WKP with a development plan of 683 MW.
• Collaboration with MoF by assigning 2 WKP to PT SMI with a 60 MW development plan.

2. BUMN Synergy in geothermal development

• Joint development between PT PLN (Persero) and PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) for Candradimuka field with a 40 MW
development plan.
• Joint development between PT PLN (Persero) and PT Pertamina for several WKP with a development plan of approximately
100 MW.

3. Optimization of resources in productive WKP by developing expansion and small-scale power plants (Binary small scale
Salak 15 MW, Dieng Small Scale 10 MW, etc.).

4. Utilization of PISP fund (Pembiayaan Infrastruktur Sektor Panas Bumi) and GREM fund (Geothermal Resource Risk
Mitigation)

5. Demand creation to stimulate NRE development specifically in geothermal utilization

• Renewable Energy Based Industrial Development (REBID): NRE utilization in large scale industries to produce global
products. Integration geothermal utilization with industrial sector (cluster based-development). REBID program harnessing
geothermal energy to generate electricity to support industries
• Renewable Energy Based Economic Development (REBED) is a NRE utilization to stimulate local economic in remote area.
REBED program in geothermal including Flores Geothermal Island Program and other isolated geothermal based-system.

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 GEOTHERMAL BUSINESS SCHEME

Government Regulation No. 7 / 2017

PS (Preliminary Survey) PSA (Preliminary Survey Assignment) IPB (Geothermal Lisence) IUPTL (Electricity Licence) FS (Feasibility Study) PPA (Power Purchase Agreement)

PSA or PSA+E
by Private
GWA’s Tender:
• Open Tender
30 Years
(Surveyed by Government) Exploration: 5+1+1 Years
• Limited Tender
(Surveyed by Private)
GWA
Enactment
IPB FS PPA Production
IUPTL Assignment to
Issuance PT.PLN to
issuance
purchase
PS or PS + E Assignment to Stated-
by Government Owned Companies

Not to be developed,
Assignment to Public Not economically
Service Agencies (BLU) viable

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 GOVERNMENT DRILLING PROGRAM

GEOLOGICAL AGENCY AND EBTKE MEMR AND MoF COLLABORATION

➢ Conducted in 20 prospects in several phases Based on the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU-7 / MK.08 /
2017 and 17Pj / 05 / MEM / 2017) regarding the Collaboration
on Facilitating the Provision of Geothermal Data and
Information to Support Geothermal Acceleration
➢ Government assignment to PT SMI and PT GDE

➢ Funding: PISP (Geothermal Fund) and World Bank Grant

➢ Funding: State budget/APBN

Phase I Location (2021): Location:

Wae Sano
Bittuang ✓Permits issuance: location permit, environmental
Cisolok Cisukarame permit, forestry, water tapping.
Nage ✓Activities are being stopped due to social issues
✓Local government coordination, socialization which currently being handled in collaboration
✓Engineering design Joint activities possibilities: with the Ruteng Diocese
✓Permitting - Geoscientific survey to slim hole
drilling by Geological Agency Jailolo
- Standard hole drilling by SMI/Geo Dipa ✓Preparation stage

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 GOVERNMENT GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION PROGRAM 2020-2024
BACKGROUND PROSPECT AREA
✓ Indonesia has large geothermal potential (23,7 GW), but with 20 prospect locations were selected using technical parameters (heat
minimum utilization 8,9% (2.130,7 MW). Therefore it is necessary to source, reservoir temperature, geological structure, fluid type,
accelerate geothermal development and encourage geothermal manifestation, fluid type, completeness of available geoscience data, and
industry as a Government strategy to: quality of infrastructure) and non-technical parameters (land use,
▪ Improve the quality of geothermal geoscientific data and electricity demand, and social acceptance conditions).
information to reduce development risks prior to WKP tender
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
offering to Business Entities. NO PROJECT MILESTONES
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
▪ Increasing the economics competitiveness of geothermal 1
Planning and geoscientific data
evaluation
projects.
2 Coordination and socialization
✓ Ministry of EMR instruction to improve the quality of geothermal
3 Data acquisition on 20 prospects 8 prospects 8 prospects 4 prospects
data and information through geoscientific data acquisition and
geothermal exploration drilling by Geological Agency. 4 LIDAR survei (20 prospects) 8 prospects 8 prospects 4 prospects

SCOPE OF WORK 5 Data integration

✓ DATA ACQUISITION: Geoscientific data acquisition, LiDAR survey, 6 Well Targeting and Peer Review
integration of data acquisition results, conceptual model analysis 7
Conceptual model analysis and
numerical simulation
and numerical simulation of reservoir models, well targeting and
8 Civil works (19 prospects) 3 pros* 15 prospects 4 prospects
peer review.
Drilling 2 slim hole and1 standard hole
9
✓ CIVIL WORK: land acquisition, civil works including road, well pads (19 prospects) 3 proc* 7prospects 8 prospects 4 prospects

and supporting facilities. 10 Monitoring and evaluation

✓ EXPLORATION DRILLING: 2 slim hole wells and 1 standard hole

wells, well completion and testing.

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 RESERVES CLASSIFICATION IMPROVEMENT EFFORT
INDONESIA GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES AS OF 2020
Resource(MW)
Installed
No Island location Reserve Total Capacity
Resource classification according to Indonesia National
Speculative Hypotetic
Possible Probable Proven
(MW) Standard Number 6009 of 2017
1 Sumatera 101 2.276 1.551 3.594 976 1.120 9.517 744,4 RESOURCES CLASSIFICATION
2 Jawa 75 1.259 1.191 3.403 377 1.820 8.050 1.253,8 RESERVES
SPECULATIVE HYPOTHETIC
3 Bali 6 70 21 104 110 30 335 0 POSSIBLE PROBABLE PROVEN
4 Nusa Tenggara 34 225 148 892 121 12.5 1.398,5 12,5 3G and / or 3G and / or
Geology, 3G and / or
5 Kalimantan 14 151 18 6 0 0 175 0 Geology & temperature gradient temperature gradient
Geochemstry and temperature
6 Sulawesi 91 1.365 343 1.063 180 120 3.071 120 geochemistry and and
geophysics (3G) gradient
≥ 1 exploration well ≥ 3 exploration well
7 Maluku 33 560 91 485 6 2 1.144 0
8 Papua 3 75 0 0 0 0 75 0 1:25.000 -
1:100.000 1:50.000 1:25.000 1:10.000 - 1:25.000
1:50.000

Fluid DetailedFluid
resourceDirect
data
Total 357 9.547 1.770 3.104,5 23.765,5 2.130,7 wellbore Direct wellbore
5.981 3.363 Fluid
temperature temperature
14.421,5 geothermometer geothermometer geothermometer
Indonesia National Standard 6009:2017 measurement measurement
Geological Agency MEMR, 2020 23.765,5 Direct wellbore Direct wellbore
Surface thermal Surface thermal Surface thermal
measurement and measurement and well
manifestation manifestation manifestation
well testing testing
Volumetric stored Volumetric stored Volumetric stored
GOVERNMENT GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION PROGRAM Power density
heat heat heat
Reservoir simulation

✓ In accordance with SNI 6009/2017 exploration drilling is required to improve reserves classification from possible reserves to probable
reserves by obtaining the following data and information:
▪ Confirmation of the conceptual model of the geothermal system by drilling through clay cap until reaching reservoir zone.
▪ Direct measurement of reservoir temperature.
▪ Direct measurement of reservoir fluid and / or production test data.

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 PROSPECT AREAS FOR EXPLORATION DRILLING 2020-2024
Resource Development Est Temp. Exploration COD
No. Prospect area Status 3G Civil Works
(MW) Plan (MW) (o C) Drilling Target

1 Cisolok Cisukarame, West Jawa WKP 45 20 200 2021 2021 2021-2022 2028
2 Nage, East Nusa Tenggara WKP 39 20 230 2021 2021 2021-2022 2028
3 Bittuang, South Sulawesi Open Area 28 20 230 2021 2021 2021-2022 2028
4 Tampomas , West Jawa WKP 100 45 208 2021 2022 2022 2029
5 Ciremai, West Jawa WKP 60 55 210 2021 2022 2022 2029
6 Marana, Central Sulawesi WKP 70 20 154 2021 2022 2022 2029
7 Gunung Endut, Banten WKP 180 40 180 2021 2022 2022 2029
8 Sembalun, West Nusa Tenggara WKP 100 20 165 2021 2022 2022 2029
9 Guci, Central Jawa WKP 100 55 281 2022 2022 2023 2029
10 Sipoholon Ria-Ria, North Sumatera WKP 60 20 180 2022 2022 2023 2029
11 Bora Polu, Central Sulawesi WKP 123 40 220 2022 2022 2023 2030
12 Lokop, Aceh Open Area 41 20 210 2022 2022 2023 2030
13 Limbong, South Sulawesi Open Area 20 5 220 2022 2022 2023 2030
14 Maritaing, East Nusa Tenggara Open Area 190 30 200 2022 2022 2023 2030
15 Gunung Batur-Kintamani, Bali Open Area 58 40 230 2022 2022 2023 2030
16 Gunung Galunggung, West Jawa WKP 289 110 >225 2022 2022 2023 2030
17 Papandayan, West Jawa Open Area 195 40 290 2023 2023 2024 2030
18 Banda Baru, Maluku Open Area 54 40 190 2023 2023 2024 2030
19 Sajau, North Kalimantan Open Area 17 13 190 2023 2023 2024 2030
20 Sumani, West Sumatera WKP 100 30 190 2023 2023 2024 2030
Total 1.869 683

Remarks:
Additional goscientific survey & exploration drilling prospects in 2021
Geoscientific survey prospects in 2021 for exploration drilling in 2022
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 COLLABORATION OF GOVERNMENT, BUSINESS ENTITY AND UNIVERSITY
IN EXPLORATION DRILLING

Geoscientific Pre Feasibility

Preparation Civil Works Exploration Drilling Well Testing
Stages Exploration Study

• Planning • Geological, • Land acquisition • 2 slim hole wells • Well completion • Resource
• Stakeholder geochemistry • Construction of • 1 standard hole • Well stimulation evaluation
coordination and and geophysical road access, well well • Discharge testing feasibility
socialization survey pad, water • Environmental
• LIDAR distribution feasibility
• Permiting
system, staging • Economic
Activities • Regulation, SOP • Conceptual
area and viability
and technical model
supporting (demand, price,
documents • Peer review and development
facilities
• Budgeting well targeting plan)
• Numerical
simulation

EBTKE, Geological EBTKE, Geological EBTKE, Geological EBTKE, Geological EBTKE, Geological
EBTKE, Geological
Agency, BLU, Agency, BLU, Agency, BLU, Agency, BLU, Agency, BLU,
Agency, BLU,
Academics, Academics, Academics, Academics, Academics,
Involved parties Academics, and
business entities, business entities, business entities, business entities, business entities,
practitioner/
and practitioner/ and practitioner/ and practitioner/ and practitioner/ and practitioner/
assistance team
assistance team assistance team assistance team assistance team assistance team

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 GEOTHERMAL FUND & FINANCING FOR GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
1 Pembiayaan Infrastruktur Sektor Panas Bumi (PISP)/
Geothermal Fund
❑ PISP (Geothermal Fund) amounts to Rp. 3.129,5 Trillion allocated
from 2010 state fund;
❑ At that time PISP was managed by BLU Pusat Investasi Pemerintah
(PIP), as long as it was managed by PIP, it had never been used;
❑ Based on MoF Regulation Number 232 / PMK.06 / 2015, the MoF
transferred Government Investment in PIP to National Capital
Participation in PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (PT SMI).
❑ In 2017, MoF Regulation Number 62 / PMK.08 / 2017 was issued
concerning Management of Geothermal Sector Infrastructure
Financing Funds in Limited Liability Company (Persero) PT SMI,
which regulates the use of PISP funds, namely for :
✓ Lending
✓ Equity capital
✓ Provision of Geothermal Data and Information
❑ PISP funds have been allocated to: World Bank companion grant
funds for the implementation of government drilling, companion
GREM funds, lending to geothermal State Owned Enterprise (SOE).
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2 Geothermal Resource Risk Mitigation (GREM)
❑ GREM is a funding scheme to minimize the risk of geothermal
exploration sharing risk sharing SoE and the private sector.
❑ GREM can only be used for activities in the exploration and
delineation stage.
❑ GREM consists of a mixture of soft financing from the World Bank as
well as a loan (converted into a grant) from the Climate Fund
(GCF/CTF) which is lent to the developer through PT SMI which acts
as the implementing agency.
❑ There is a de-risking facility where there is a loan forgiveness
opportunity of up to 50% which can ease the burden of the
developer to return the facility if later exploration is declared
failure.
❑ In total, the GREM fund will be US USD 655 million (loan USD 645
million and Grant Technical assistant of USD 10 million). The loan
consists of: pure loan US USD 372.5 million, reimburse grant for de-
risking amounts to USD 122.5, PISP USD 150 million.
❑ GREM status: Preparation GREM distribution scheme study. The first
phase of GREM funds will be used to finance geothermal
development by SOEs.
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 FLORES GEOTHERMAL ISLAND PROGRAM

Energy needs are mostly met through the utilization of

geothermal energy → the basic electricity needs (base load)
TARGET from geothermal and optimization of direct utilization

MEMR Decree Number : 2268 K/30/MEM/2017 (19 June 2017)

AIMS:
• To form an island development model that utilizes geothermal energy as the
main energy source to be replicated in other areas with the same
characteristics
• To utilize geothermal energy directly (direct use) as an increase in added value
to agricultural products, plantations, fisheries and the tourism sector
• Attracting investment in the geothermal sector on Flores island

The Master Plan for the Flores Geothermal Island program is currently being
prepared, which includes a study of 6 pillars, namely Geothermal resource
inventorying and prioritization; Economic development; Energy demand; Energy
supply; Land; Financial resources

→ Setting priorities, number, capacity and COD target of geothermal areas

for geothermal power stations, as well as potential direct use

17
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 TERIMA KASIH
KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBER DAYA MINERAL
Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 18, Jakarta

DIREKTORAT JENDERAL ENERGI BARU, TERBARUKAN DAN KONSERVASI ENERGI

Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.1 Menteng, Jakarta

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