2 Percentages (II)

Height after the 3rd week

2 Percentages (II) = height after the 2nd week × (1 + 10%)
= 5 × (1 + 10%)3 cm
Review Exercise 2 (p. 2.3)
2. Height of the plant after n weeks
400 − 250 = 5 × (1 + 10%) n cm
1. (a) Percentage increase = × 100%
250
= 60 % Activity 2.2 (p. 2.20)
1. Simple interest for the 1st year = $1000 × 10% = $100
Simple interest for the 2nd year = $1000 × 10% = $100
160 − 140 Simple interest for the 3rd year = $1000 × 10% = $100
(b) Percentage decrease = × 100 %
160 Therefore, we have:
= 12 .5% Total interest after 1 year = $(1000 × 10% × 1)
Total interest after 2 years = $(1000 × 10% × 2)
Total interest after 3 years = $(1000 × 10% × 3)
4 . 8 − 2 .4
2. Percentage increase = × 100 %
2 .4 2. Total interest that Harry will get after n years
= 100 % = $1000 × 10% × n

5.5 − 5.06
3. Percentage decrease = × 100%
5 .5 Classwork
= 8%
Classwork (p. 2.5)
9−5
4. New bus fare = $4 × (1 + 5%) (a) Percentage change = × 100%
5
= $4 × 1.05
= + 80%
= $4.2

45 − 60
(b) Percentage change = × 100%
5. Price of the school bag this month = $120 × (1 + 12%) 60
= $120 × 1.12 = − 25%
= $134.4
72 − 120
(c) Percentage change = × 100%
6. Number of patients visited the clinic on Tuesday 120
= 32 × (1 − 37.5%) = − 40%
= 32 × 0.625
= 20 (d) New value = 40 × (1 + 20%)
= 40 × 1.2
= 48
5 .8
7. Mr Chan’s walking speed uphill = m/s
1 + 16%
5.8 (e) New value = 90 × (1 + 110%)
= m/s
1.16 = 90 × 2.1
= 5 m/s = 189

68 (f) New value = 140 × (1 − 30%)

8. Sam’s Chinese test score =
1 − 15% = 140 × 0.7
68 = 98
=
0.85
= 80 Original value New value Percentage change
(a) 5 9 +80%
Activity (b) 60 45 –25%
(c) 120 72 –40%
Activity 2.1 (p. 2.14) (d) 40 48 +20%
1. Height after the 1st week = 5 × (1 + 10%) cm
(e) 90 189 +110%
Height after the 2nd week
= height after the 1st week × (1 + 10%) (f) 140 98 –30%
= 5 × (1 + 10%)2 cm

17
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Quick Practice 1.035P − P

Percentage change = × 100%
P
0.035P
Quick Practice 2.1 (p. 2.5) = × 100%
Percentage change in the number of students P
1000 − 800 = + 3.5%
= × 100%
800
= + 25% Quick Practice 2.7 (p. 2.10)
(a) Original cost of materials
Quick Practice 2.2 (p. 2.5) = $500 × 20%
This month’s income = $100
= $25 000 × (1 − 5%) Original cost of wages
= $25 000 × 0.95 = $500 × 80%
= $23 750 = $400
New cost of materials
= $100 × (1 − 10%)
Quick Practice 2.3 (p. 2.6) = $100 × 0.9
Let $x be the budget of the project last year.
x × (1 + 30%) = 83 200 = $90
New cost of wages
x = 83 200 ÷ (1 + 30%)
= $400 × (1 + 40%)
= 83 200 ÷ 1.3
= $400 × 1.4
= 64 000
= $560
∴ The budget of the project last year was $64 000.
∴ The new cost of making a suit
Alternative Solution = $(90 + 560)
The budget of the project last year = $650
= $83 200 ÷ (1 + 30%)
= $83 200 ÷ 1.3 (b) Percentage change in the cost of making a suit
= $64 000 650 − 500
= × 100%
500
= + 30%
Quick Practice 2.4 (p. 2.7)
The population of the town after the first decrease
= 15 200 × (1 − 10%) Quick Practice 2.8 (p. 2.11)
Let ℓ and w be the original length and width of the rectangle
= 15 200 × 0.9
= 13 680 respectively.
The population of the town after the second decrease Original area of the rectangle = ℓw
= 13 680 × (1 − 20%) New length
= 13 680 × 0.8 = ℓ × (1 − 15%)
= 10 944 = 0.85 ℓ
New width
= w × (1 − 20%)
Alternative Solution
The population of the town after the second decrease = 0 .8 w
= 15 200 × (1 − 10%) × (1 − 20%) New area of the rectangle
= 0.85ℓ × 0.8w
= 15 200 × 0.9 × 0.8
= 0.68ℓw
= 10 944
0.68ℓw − ℓw
Percentage change = × 100%
ℓw
Quick Practice 2.5 (p. 2.8) = − 32%
Let $n be the value of the antique in March.
n × (1 + 10%) × (1 + 20%) = 46 200
n = 46 200 ÷ 1.1 ÷ 1.2 Quick Practice 2.9 (p. 2.15)
The price of the MP3 player after 2 months
= 35 000
∴ The value of the antique in March was $35 000. = $800 × (1 + 4%)2
= $800 × 1.042
Quick Practice 2.6 (p. 2.8) = $865 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
Let $P be the value of the piece of diamond in 2007.
Value of the piece of diamond in 2009
= $ P × (1 − 10%) × (1 + 15%)
= $1.035P

18
 2 Percentages (II)

Quick Practice 2.10 (p. 2.16) ∴ 21 200 = 20 000 × (1 + 4% × t )

Let x be the number of students wearing glasses in a city 3 1 + 4% × t = 1.06
years ago. 0.04t = 0.06
x × (1 + 10%)3 = 20 000 t = 1.5
x = 20 000 ÷ (1 + 10%)3 ∴ The required deposit period is 1.5 years.
= 20 000 ÷ 1.13
Alternative Solution
= 15 000 (cor. to the nearest hundred) Let t years be the required deposit period.
∴ There were 15 000 students wearing glasses 3 years ago. Simple interest = $(21 200 − 20 000)
= $1200
Quick Practice 2.11 (p. 2.16) ∵ I = P × r% × t
(a) The cost of the flat 2 years later ∴ 1200 = 20 000 × 4% × t
= $800 000 × (1 − 5%) 2 800t = 1200
= $800 000 × 0.952 t = 1.5
= $722 000 ∴ The required deposit period is 1.5 years.

Quick Practice 2.16 (p. 2.24)

(b) The depreciation Let r% be the annual interest rate.
= $(800 000 − 722 000) ∵ A = P × (1 + r % × t )
= $78 000
 3
∴ 51 075 = 45 000 × 1 + r % × 
 4
Quick Practice 2.12 (p. 2.17) 3
Let $P be the value of the television 2 years ago. 1 + r % × = 1.135
4
P × (1 − 10%)2 = 6500 r = 18
P = 6500 ÷ (1 − 10%) 2 ∴ The interest rate is 18% p.a.
= 6500 ÷ 0.9 2
= 8025 (cor. to the nearest $1) Alternative Solution
Let r% be the annual interest rate.
∴ The value of the television 2 years ago was $8025.
Simple interest = $(51 075 − 45 000)
= $6075
Quick Practice 2.13 (p. 2.22)
∵ I = P × r% × t
(a) Simple interest
= $10 000 × 8% × 3 3
∴ 6075 = 45 000 × r % ×
= $2400 4
r = 18
Amount ∴ The interest rate is 18% p.a.
= $(10 000 + 2400)
= $12 400 Quick Practice 2.17 (p. 2.27)
Amount = $80 000 × (1 + 8%) 4
3 = $108 839 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
(b) 9 months = year
4 Compound interest = $(108 839 − 80 000)
3
Simple interest = $10 000 × 8% × = $28 839 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
4
= $600
Quick Practice 2.18 (p. 2.28)
Amount = $(10 000 + 600)
1
= $10 600 (a) Interest rate per quarter = 12% ×
4
= 3%
Quick Practice 2.14 (p. 2.22) Number of quarters in 2 years = 2 × 4
Let $P be the sum of money that Anthony borrowed. =8
∵ I = P × r% × t
∴ Amount = $40 000 × (1 + 3%)8
∴ 1530 = P × 12% × 1.5
= $50 671 (cor. to the nearest $1)
0.18P = 1530
∴ Compound interest = $(50 671 − 40 000)
P = 8500
= $10 671 (cor. to the nearest $1)
∴ The sum of money that Anthony borrowed was $8500.

Quick Practice 2.15 (p. 2.23) 1

(b) Interest rate per month = 12% ×
Let t years be the required deposit period. 12
∵ A = P × (1 + r % × t ) = 1%

19
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Number of months in 2 years = 2 × 12 Further Practice

= 24
Amount = $40 000 × (1 + 1%)
24
∴ Further Practice (p. 2.6)
= $50 789 (cor. to the nearest $1) 1. Percentage change in the price of the ring
∴ Compound interest = $(50 789 − 40 000) 1800 − 2500
= × 100%
= $10 789 (cor. to the nearest $1) 2500
= − 28%

Quick Practice 2.19 (p. 2.29)

Let $P be the amount of money Mrs Lee borrowed. 2. (a) Number of participants in the competition this year
1 = 800 × (1 + 15%)
Interest rate for half a year = 12% ×
2 = 800 × 1.15
= 6% = 920
Number of half-year periods in a year = 1 × 2
=2 (b) Number of participants in the competition this year
∴ 44 944 = P × (1 + 6%) 2 = 800 × (1 − 20%)
44 944 = P × 1.06 2 = 800 × 0.8
P = 40 000 = 640
∴ Mrs Lee borrows $40 000 from the bank.
3. Number of tickets sold yesterday
Quick Practice 2.20 (p. 2.33) = 540 ÷ (1 − 20%)
Rates for a year = $120 000 × 5% = 675
= $6000
Rates payable per quarter = $6000 ÷ 4
4. Joan’s monthly salary last year
= $1500 = $15 120 ÷ (1 + 8%)
= $14 000
Quick Practice 2.21 (p. 2.33)
Rates payable per year = $675 × 4
Further Practice (p. 2.9)
= $2700
1. (a) Number of students in 2009
Rateable value of the flat = $2700 ÷ 5% = 800 × (1 + 5%) × (1 + 10%)
= $54 000 = 800 × 1.05 × 1.1
= 924
Quick Practice 2.22 (p. 2.34)
Property tax that the owner should pay for a year (b) Percentage change
= $300 000 × 80% × 15%
924 − 800
= $36 000 = × 100%
800
= + 15.5%
Quick Practice 2.23 (p. 2.34)
Let $y be the monthly rental income of the flat. 2. Let n be the number of visitors in May.
34 560 = ( y × 12) × 80% × 15% n × (1 − 20%) × (1 + 30%) = 6240
34 560 = 12 y × 0.8 × 0.15 n × 0.8 × 1.3 = 6240
y = 24 000 n = 6000
∴ The monthly rental income of the flat is $24 000. ∴ The number of visitors in May was 6000.

Quick Practice 2.24 (p. 2.36) 3. Let P be the original amount of agricultural products.
Net chargeable income = $( 431 000 − 216 000) Amount of agricultural products in the second year
= $215 000 = P × (1 − 50%) × (1 − 40%)
∴ Mr Lee’s salaries tax payable = P × 0.5 × 0.6
= $(40 000 × 2% + 40 000 × 7% + 40 000 ×12% + 95 000 ×17%) = 0.3P
= $(800 + 2800 + 4800 + 16 150) Overall percentage change
= $24 550 0.3P − P
= ×100%
P
= − 70%

20
 2 Percentages (II)

Further Practice (p. 2.11) 400 1.15 2 529

1. (a) New cost of materials (b) For original value = $1500, depreciation rate = 10%
= $80 × (1 + 40%) and number of periods = 3,
= $80 × 1.4 New value = $1500 × (1 − 10%)3
= $112 = $1500 × 0.93
New cost of wages = $1093.5
= $100 × (1 − 30%)
For original value = $2000, number of periods = 2
= $100 × 0.7 and new value = $1805,
= $70 Let r% be the depreciation rate.
New cost of other expenses 2000 × (1 − r %)2 = 1805
= $20 × (1 + 10%) (1 − r %)2 = 0.9025
= $20 × 1.1 1 − r % = 0.95
= $22 r % = 0.05
∴ New cost of making a chair r =5
= $(112 + 70 + 22) ∴ The depreciation rate is 5%.
= $204 For depreciation rate = 20%, number of periods = 2
and new value = $12 000,
(b) Percentage change in the cost of making a chair Let $P be the original value.
204 − (80 + 100 + 20) P × (1 − 20%) 2 = 12 000
= × 100%
(80 + 100 + 20) P = 12 000 ÷ (1 − 20%)2
204 − 200 = 12 000 ÷ 0.82
= × 100%
200 = 18 750
= + 2% ∴ The original value is $18 750.
Original Depreciation No. of New
2. Let ℓ be the original length of the square. value ($) rate (%) periods (n) value ($)
1500 10 3 1093.5
New length of the square = ℓ × (1 + 20%)
2000 5 2 1805
= 1.2ℓ
New area of the square = 1.2ℓ ×1.2ℓ 18 750 20 2 12 000

= 1.44ℓ 2
2. Sales after 3 issues = 8000 × (1 − 8%)3
Percentage change in the area of the square
1.44ℓ 2 − ℓ 2 = 8000 × 0.923
= ×100% = 6200 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
ℓ2
= + 44%
3. (a) Let $P be the value of the watch 2 years ago.
Further Practice (p. 2.17) P × (1 + 10%)2 = 7260
1. (a) For original value = 80, growth factor = 1.05 and P × 1.12 = 7260
number of periods = 3,
P = 6000
New value = 80 × 1.053 ∴ 2 years ago, the value of the watch was $6000.
= 92.61
For original value = 150, number of periods = 1 and (b) The value of the watch after 3 years
new value = 180, = $7260 × (1 + 10%)3
Let x be the growth factor. = $9663 (cor. to the nearest $1)
150 x1 = 180
x = 1.2 Further Practice (p. 2.24)
∴ The growth factor is 1.2. 1. For principal = $400, interest rate = 5% p.a. and deposit
For growth factor = 1.15, number of periods = 2 and period = 2 years,
new value = 529, Simple interest = $400 × 5% × 2
P × 1.152 = 529 = $40
529
P= Amount = $(400 + 40)
1.152
= 400 = $440
∴ The original value is 400. For principal = $1600, interest rate = 4% p.a. and amount
Original Growth No. of New = $1792,
value (P) factor (1+r%) periods (n) value (A) Simple interest = $(1792 − 1600)
80 1.05 3 92.61 = $192
150 1.2 1 180

21
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Let t years be the required deposit period. 3. (a) Let $P be the principal Mr Chan deposited into the
bank.
1600 × (1 + 4% × t ) = 1792
 4
1 + 4% × t = 1.12 P × 1 + 3% ×  = 6565
 12 
0.04t = 0.12
P × (1 + 1%) = 6565
t =3
P × 1.01 = 6565
∴ The required deposit period is 3 years.
P = 6500
1
For interest rate = 8 % p.a., deposit period = year and ∴ The principal he deposited into the bank was
4
$6500.
simple interest = $200,
Let $P be the principal. (b) Let t years be the required deposit period.
1 6500 × (1 + 3% × t ) = 6825
P × 8% × = 200
4 6500 × (1 + 0.03t ) = 6825
0.02 P = 200 1 + 0.03t = 1.05
P = 10 000 2
∴ The principal is $10 000. t =1
3
Amount = $(10 000 + 200) 2
= $10 200 ∴ The required deposit period is 1 years.
3
For principal = $3000, deposit period = 5 years and
amount = $4500, Further Practice (p. 2.29)
Simple interest = $(4500 − 3000) 1. For principal = $400, interest rate = 5% p.a., interest is
compounded yearly and deposit period = 3 years,
= $1500
Amount = $400 × (1 + 5%)3
Let r% be the annual interest rate. = $463 (cor. to the nearest integer)
3000 × r % × 5 = 1500
r % = 0 .1 Compound interest = $(463 − 400)
r = 10 = $63 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The interest rate is 10% p.a. For interest rate = 2% p.a., interest is compounded yearly,
For deposit period = 4 years, simple interest = $88 and deposit period = 2 years and amount = $2081,
amount = $488, Let $P be the principal.
Principal = $(488 − 88) P × (1 + 2%)2 = 2081
= $400 P × 1.022 = 2081
Let r% be the annual interest rate. P = 2081 ÷ 1.022
400 × r % × 4 = 88 = 2000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
r % = 0.055 ∴ The principal is $2000.
r = 5.5 Compound interest = $(2081 − 2000)
∴ The interest rate is 5.5% p.a. = $81 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Interest Deposit Simple
Principal Amount For principal = $1600, interest is compounded half-yearly,
rate period interest
($) ($) deposit period = 1 year and compound interest = $65,
(% p.a.) (year) ($)
Amount = $(1600 + 65)
400 5 2 40 440
= $1665
1600 4 3 192 1792
1 Let r% be the annual interest rate.
10 000 8 200 10 200  r% 
2
4 1600 × 1 +  = 1665
3000 10 5 1500 4500  2 
2
400 5.5 4 88 488  r %  1665
1 +  =
 2  1600
2. (a) Amount = $(5000 + 750) r% 1665
= $5750 1+ =
2 1600
r = 4 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(b) Let r% be the annual interest rate. ∴ The annual interest rate is 4%.
∵ A = P (1 + r % × t ) For interest rate = 8% p.a., interest is compounded
∴ 5750 = 5000 × (1 + r % × 2.5) 1
monthly, deposit period = year and amount = $10 200,
1 + r % × 2.5 = 1.15 4
r=6
∴ The annual interest rate is 6%.

22
 2 Percentages (II)

Let $P be the principal. Number of months in 2 years = 2 × 12

1
 8%  4
×12 = 24
P × 1 +  = 10 200
 12  Amount = $5000 × (1 + 0.5%) 24
P = 9999 (cor. to the nearest integer) = $5636 (cor. to the nearest $1)
∴ The principal is $9999. Compound interest = $(5636 − 5000)
Compound interest = $(10 200 − 9999) = $636 (cor. to the nearest $1)
= $201 (cor. to the nearest integer)
For principal = $3000, interest rate = 10% p.a., interest is 3. For bank A,
compounded quarterly and deposit period = 4 years, 1
Interest rate per quarter = 10% ×
4× 4 4
 10% 
Amount = $3000 × 1 +  = 2.5%
 4 
Number of quarters in 2 years = 2 × 4
= $4454 (cor. to the nearest integer)
=8
Compound interest = $(4454 − 3000) Amount = $15 000 × (1 + 2.5%)8
= $1454 (cor. to the nearest integer) = $18 276
Period in For bank B,
Interest 1
Principal rate
which Deposit
Amount Compound Interest rate for half a year = 12% ×
interest is period 2
($) (% ($) interest ($)
compound- (year) = 6%
p.a.)
ed Number of half-year periods in 2 years = 2 × 2
400 5 yearly 3 463 63 =4
2000 2 yearly 2 2081 81 Amount = $15 000 × (1 + 6%) 4

1600 4 half-yearly 1 1665 65 = $18 937

1 ∴ Bonnie should borrow money from bank A.
9999 8 monthly 10 200 201
4
3000 10 quarterly 4 4454 1454 Further Practice (p. 2.36)
1. For annual rental income = $84 000,
84 000
2. (a) Amount = $5000 × (1 + 6%)2 Monthly rental income = $
12
= $5618 = $7000
Compound interest = $(5618 − 5000)
Property tax = $84 000 × 80% × 15%
= $618
= $10 080

1 For monthly rental income = $10 000,

(b) Interest rate for half a year = 6% × Annual rental income = $10 000 × 12
2
= 3% = $120 000
Number of half-year periods in 2 years = 2 × 2 Property tax = $120 000 × 80% × 15%
=4 = $14 400
Amount = $5000 × (1 + 3%)4 For property tax = $17 280,
= $5628 (cor. to the nearest $1) Let $y be the annual rental income.
Compound interest = $(5628 − 5000) y × 80% × 15% = 17 280
= $628 (cor. to the nearest $1) y = 144 000
∴ The annual rental income is $144 000.
144 000
(c) Interest rate per quarter = 6% ×
1 Monthly rental income = $
4 12
= 1.5% = $12 000
Number of quarters in 2 years = 2 × 4 Monthly rental Annual rental
Property tax ($)
=8 income ($) income ($)
Amount = $5000 × (1 + 1.5%)8 7000 84 000 10 080
= $5632 (cor. to the nearest $1) 10 000 120 000 14 400
Compound interest = $(5632 − 5000) 12 000 144 000 17 280
= $632 (cor. to the nearest $1)

1
(d) Interest rate per month = 6% ×
12
= 0.5%

23
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

2. 7. (a) New price

Net
Various portions of net Tax
Salaries = $500 × (1 + 40%) × (1 − 50%)
chargeable Tax rate tax
income
chargeable income amount
payable = $500 × 1.4 × 0.5
On the first $40 000 2% $800 = $350
$50 000
Remainder $10 000 7% $700 $1500
On the first $40 000 2% $800 (b) Overall percentage change in the selling price
$95 000 On the next $40 000 7% $2800 350 − 500
= × 100%
Remainder $15 000 12% $1800 $5400 500
= − 30%
Exercise
8. (a) Tom’s salary after the changes
Exercise 2A (p. 2.11) = $6500 × (1 − 10%) × (1 + 30%)
Level 1 = $6500 × 0.9 × 1.3
96 − 100 = $7605
1. (a) Percentage change = × 100%
100
= − 4%
(b) Overall percentage change in Tom’s salary
7605 − 6500
690 − 1000 = × 100%
(b) Percentage change = × 100% 6500
1000 = + 17%
= − 31%

9. Let ℓ be the original length of the string.

108 − 80
(c) Percentage change = × 100% New length of the string
80
= ℓ × (1 + 20%) × (1 + 10%)
= + 35%
= ℓ ×1.2 ×1.1
= 1.32ℓ
79.2 − 60
(d) Percentage change = × 100% Overall percentage change in the length of the string
60 1.32ℓ − ℓ
= + 32% = × 100%
ℓ
= + 32%
2. Mr Wong’s salary after the increment
= $8000 × (1 + 15%)
10. Let w be the original weight of the dog.
= $9200
New weight of the dog
= w × (1 − 4%) × (1 − 5%)
3. Let y kg be the original weight of the solid. = w × 0.96 × 0.95
y × (1 − 20%) = 50.4
= 0.912w
y × 0.8 = 50.4 Overall percentage change in the weight of the dog
y = 63 0.912w − w
= × 100%
∴ The original weight of the solid is 63 kg. w
= − 8.8%
4. Number of days needed to complete the project after the
second decrease
11. Let s be Johnny’s first test score.
= 80 × (1 − 50%) × (1 − 50%)
Johnny’s third test score = s × (1 + 5%) × (1 − 4%)
= 80 × 0.5 × 0.5
= s × 1.05 × 0.96
= 20
= 1.008s
Percentage change in his score from the first test to the
5. Let y cm be the original length of the wire. third test
y × (1 − 25%) × (1 + 20%) = 270
1.008 s − s
y × 0.75 × 1.2 = 270 = × 100 %
s
y = 300 = + 0. 8%
∴ The original length of the wire is 300 cm.
12. (a) Number of girls in 2009 = 600 × (1 − 15%)
6. Let $a be the original price of the computer book.
a × (1 − 5%) × (1 − 4%) = 136.8 = 600 × 0.85
a × 0.95 × 0.96 = 136.8 = 510
a = 150
∴ The original price of the computer book is $150.

24
 2 Percentages (II)

Number of boys in 2009 = 400 × (1 − 10%) New cost of raw materials = $30 × (1 + 10%)
= 400 × 0.9 = $33
= 360 New cost of wages = $50 × (1 − 5%)
Total number of students in 2009 = $47.5
= 510 + 360 New cost of other expenses = $20 × (1 + 15%)
= 870 = $23
∴ New cost of making a table
(b) Percentage change in the number of students from = $(33 + 47.5 + 23)
2008 to 2009
= $103.5
870 − (600 + 400)
= × 100%
600 + 400
= − 13% (b) Percentage change in the cost of making a table
103.5 − 100
= × 100%
13. (a) Number of female employees last year = 500 × 40% 100
= + 3.5%
= 200
Number of male employees last year = 500 × 60%
= 300 16. (a) New length of the rectangle = ℓ × (1 + 10%) cm
Number of female employees this year = 1.1ℓ cm
= 200 × (1 − 15%)
New width of the rectangle = w × (1 + 15%) cm
= 200 × 0.85
= 1.15w cm
= 170
Number of male employees this year
= 300 × (1 + 10%) (b) New area of the rectangle
= 300 × 1.1 = 1.1ℓ × 1.15w cm 2
= 330 = 1.265ℓw cm 2
∴ Number of employees in the company now ∴ Percentage change in the area of the rectangle
= 170 + 330 (1.265ℓw − ℓw) cm 2
= 500 = × 100%
ℓw cm 2
= + 26.5%
(b) Percentage change in the number of employees
500 − 500
= × 100% 17. Let b and h be the base and height of the parallelogram
500 respectively.
= 0% Original area of the parallelogram = bh
New base of the parallelogram = b × (1 − 10%)
14. (a) Original number of fiction = 20 000 × 25% = 0.9b
= 5000 New height of the parallelogram = h × (1 − 10%)
Original number of non-fiction = 20 000 × 75% = 0.9h
= 15 000 New area of the parallelogram = 0.9b × 0.9h
New number of fiction = 5000 × (1 + 8%) = 0.81bh
= 5400 ∴ Percentage change in the area of the parallelogram
New number of non-fiction = 15 000 × (1 + 30%) 0.81bh − bh
= × 100%
= 19 500 bh
∴ Number of books in the library now = − 19%
= 5400 + 19 500
= 24 900
18. Let r be the radius of the circle.
Original area of the circle
(b) Percentage change in the number of books = πr 2
24 900 − 20 000 New radius of the circle
= × 100%
20 000 = r × (1 − 15%)
= + 24.5% = 0.85r
New area of the circle
15. (a) Original cost of raw materials = $100 × 30% = π (0.85r ) 2
= $30 = 0.7225πr 2
Original cost of wages = $100 × 50% Percentage change in the area of the circle
= $50 0.7225πr 2 − πr 2
= × 100%
Original cost of other expenses = $100 × 20% πr 2
= $20 = − 27.75%

25
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

19. Let p and n be the price of each ticket and the number of 22. Let s be the distance travelled and v be the speed.
tickets sold respectively in last year. s
Time taken =
Fund raised in last year = pn v
Price of each ticket this year = p × (1 + 15%) New speed = v × (1 + 25%)
= 1.15 p = 1.25v
Number of tickets sold this year = n × (1 − 6%) New time taken =
s
= 0.94n 1.25v
Fund raised in this year = 1.15 p × 0.94 n ∴ Percentage change in the time taken
s s
= 1.081 pn −
= 1 . 25v v × 100%
Percentage change in the fund raised in these two years s
1.081 pn − pn
= × 100% v
pn = − 20%
= + 8.1%
23. (a) Let w and ℓ be the width and length of the rectangle
Level 2 respectively.
20. (a) Original cost of rent = $90 000 × 30%
ℓ 5
= $27 000 =
w 2
Original cost of wages = $90 000 × 40% 5
= $36 000 ℓ= w
2
Original cost of electricity charge = $90 000 × 20% New width = w × (1 + 25%)
= $18 000 = 1.25w
Original cost for other expenses = $90 000 × 10% Let x be the percentage change of length.
= $9000 New length = ℓ × (1 + x)
New cost of rent = $27 000 × (1 + 4%) = ℓ + ℓx
= $28 080 For the perimeter of rectangle remains unchanged,
New cost of wages = $36 000 × (1 − 5%) 1.25w + ℓ + ℓx = w + ℓ

= $34 200 0.25w = −ℓx

New cost of electricity charge = $18 000 × (1 − 10%) 5
0.25w = − wx
= $16 200 2
x = −10%
New monthly cost for other expenses
∴ When the length of the rectangle is decreased by
= $(90 000 − 28 080 − 34 200 − 16 200)
10%, the perimeter of the rectangle will remain
= $11 520 unchanged.

(b) For the area of rectangle remains unchanged,

(b) Percentage change in other expenses 1.25w × (ℓ + ℓx ) = ℓw
$(11 520 − 9000)
= × 100% 1.25 + 1.25 x = 1
$9000
x = −20%
= + 28%
∴ When the length of the rectangle is decreased by
20%, the area of the rectangle will remain
21. (a) Weight of copper in the original alloy unchanged.
= 400 × 80% g
= 320 g 24. (a) Let y be the total number of students in the school.
7
Percentage of copper by weight in the new alloy Original number of boys = y
320 + 100 7+3
= × 100% = 0.7 y
400 + 100
420 3
= × 100% Original number of girls = y
500 7+3
= 84% = 0.3 y
New number of boys = 0.7 y × (1 − 10%)
(b) Percentage change in the proportion of copper by = 0.63 y
weight in the alloy New number of girls = 0.3 y × (1 + 40%)
84 − 80 = 0.42 y
= × 100%
80
= + 5%

26
 2 Percentages (II)

New ratio of the numbers of boys and girls (b) Percentage change in Mr Chiu’s total expenditure
0.63 y $(9440 − 10 000)
= = × 100%
0.42 y $10 000
3 = − 5.6%
=
2
= 3: 2
27. (a) Mr Ho’s total monthly expenditure
= $15 000 × (40% + 30% + 20%)
(b) Total number of students = $13 500
= 0.63 y + 0.42 y
= 1.05 y
(b) Mr Ho’s monthly expenditure
∴ Percentage change in the total number of = $13 500 × (1 + 2%)
students
= $13 770
1.05 y − y
= × 100% Mr Ho’s saving each month
y = $(15 000 − 13 770)
= + 5% = $1230

25. Original time for advertisements and news (c) Mr Ho’s monthly income
= 16 × (20% + 40%) h = $15 000 × (1 + 8%)
= 9.6 h = $16 200
Original time for music programmes Mr Ho’s saving each month
= (16 − 9.6) h = $(16 200 − 13 770)
= 6.4 h = $2430
New time for advertisements and news
Percentage of his savings
= 9.6 × (1 + 20%) h
$2430
= 11.52 h = × 100%
$16 200
New time for music programmes
= 15%
= (16 − 11.52) h
= 4.48 h
28. Joe’s expenditure last month
∴ Percentage decrease in the time for music
= $(8000 + 3200 + 1500)
programmes
(6.4 − 4.48) h = $12 700
= × 100% Joe’s expenditure this month
6.4 h
= $12 700 × (1 + 10%)
= 30%
= $13 970
This month’s expenditure on rent
26. (a) Original monthly expenditure on housing
= $8000 × (1 + 5%)
5
= $10 000 × = $8400
5+2+3
This month’s expenditure on food
= $5000
= $3200 × (1 − 12%)
Original monthly expenditure on food
2 = $2816
= $10 000 × This month’s expenditure on ‘others’
5+ 2+3
= $(13 970 − 8400 − 2816)
= $2000
Original monthly expenditure on transportation = $2754
3 Percentage change in the expenditure on ‘others’
= $10 000 × $(2754 − 1500)
5+ 2+3 = × 100%
= $3000 $1500
New monthly expenditure on housing = + 83.6%
= $5000 × (1 − 20%)
= $4000 Exercise 2B (p. 2.18)
New monthly expenditure on food Level 1
= $2000 × (1 + 10%) 1. (a) Growth factor = 1 + 5%
= $2200 = 1.05
New monthly expenditure on transportation
= $3000 × (1 + 8%)
(b) Height of the giraffe 4 years later
= $3240
∴ Mr Chiu’s new total expenditure = 3 × 1.054 m
= $(4000 + 2200 + 3240) = 3.65 m (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= $9440

27
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

2. (a) Growth factor = 1 + 150% (b) The value of the vase five months ago
= 2 .5 = $420 000 ÷ (1 + 5%) 2
= $381 000 (cor. to the nearest $100)
(b) Number of bacteria after 8 hours
= 50 × 2.58 Level 2
= 76 300 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 12. (a) The value of the equipment after 1 year
= $120 000 × (1 − 30%)
3. The value of the stamp after 5 years = $84 000
= $600 × (1 + 10%)5
= $970 (cor. to the nearest $10) (b) The value of the equipment after 3 years
= $84 000 × (1 − 20%) 2
4. The height of the tree after 3 years = $53 760
= 8 × (1 + 8%)3 m
= 10.1 m (cor. to the nearest 0.1 m) 13. Population of the city in 2009
= $500 000 × (1 + 8%)3 × (1 + 6%) 2
5. (a) The depreciation rate = 30% = 708 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)

(b) The cost of the computer after 2 years 14. (a) Number of fish in the pond now
= 500 × (1 + 6%)
= $15 000 × (1 − 30%) 2
= 530
= $7350
Number of fish in the pond 2 years later
= 500 × (1 + 6%)3
6. (a) The value of the car now
= 595.508
= $180 000 × (1 − 5%)4 Increase in the number of fish from now to 2 years
= $146 600 (cor. to the nearest $100) later
= 595.508 − 530
(b) The depreciation = 65.508
= $(180 000 − 146 600) = 66 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $33 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000)
(b) Percentage change in the number of fish in the pond
7. The price of the mobile phone after one year over these 2 years
= $2650 × (1 − 30%)2 65.508
= × 100%
= $1298.5 530
= + 12% (cor. to the nearest integer)

8. Population of the city 2 years ago

15. (a) (i) His income in April
= 600 000 ÷ (1 + 5%)2
= $10 000 × (1 + 10%)3
= 544 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
= $13 310

9. Number of users 3 years ago

(ii) His income in July
= 200 000 ÷ (1 − 8%)3
= $13 310 × (1 − 10%)3
= 257 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
= $9702.99
= $9703 (cor. to the nearest integer)
10. (a) The value of the car after 2 years
= $500 000 × (1 − 20%) 2
(b) Overall percentage change in his income from
= $320 000 January to July
9702.99 − 10 000
= ×100%
(b) The value of the car 2 years ago 10 000
= $500 000 ÷ (1 − 20%)2 = − 3% (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $781 250
16. (a) Let r% be the depreciation rate per year of the
11. (a) The value of the vase now machine.
6000 = 8000 × (1 − r %)
= $420 000 × (1 + 5%)3
1 − r % = 0.75
= $486 200 (cor. to the nearest $100)
r = 25
∴ The depreciation rate per year of the machine is
25%.

28
 2 Percentages (II)

(b) The value of the machine in 2009 7. Let t years be the required deposit period.
= $8000 × (1 − 25%)5 20 000 × 6% × t = 1500
= $1900 (cor. to the nearest $100) t =1
1
4
17. (a) Let r% be the depreciation rate per year of the 1
∴ The required deposit period is 1 years.
computer monitor. 4
4480 = 7000 × (1 − r %) 2
8. (a) Let t years be the deposit period for Edmond to
(1 − r %) 2 = 0.64 receive an amount of $3000.
1 − r % = 0 .8 2500 × 4% × t + 2500 = 3000
r = 20 2500 × 4% × t = 500
∴ The depreciation rate per year of the computer t =5
monitor is 20%. ∴ It will take 5 years for Edmond to receive an
amount of $3000.
(b) The value of the computer monitor 5 years ago
= $4480 ÷ (1 − 20%)5 (b) Amount received
= $13 700 (cor. to the nearest $100) = $(2500 × 5% × 5 + 2500)
= $(625 + 2500)
= $3125
Exercise 2C (p. 2.24)
Level 1
1. The simple interest = $200 × 5% × 4 9. (a) Let $P be the principal Paul should deposit.
= $40  4
P1 + 5% ×  = 10 500
 12 
The amount = $(200 + 40) P = 10 328 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
= $240 ∴ Paul should deposit $10 328.

(b) Let $P be the principal Paul should deposit.

1  100 
2. The simple interest = $500 × 7% × P 1 + 5 % ×  = 10 500
2  365 
= $17.5 P = 10 358 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
∴ Paul should deposit $10 358.
The amount = $(500 + 17.5)
= $517.5 Level 2
10. Total simple interest the person will receive each year
3. Let $P be the principal. = $(1000 × 11% × 1 + 1800 × 12% × 1)
3 = $(110 + 216)
P × 3 % × 1 = 7125
4 = $326
P = 190 000
∴ The principal is $190 000. 11. (a) Amount = $27 990 × (1 + 15% × 4)
= $44 784
4. Let $P be the principal.
P × 10% × 2 = 360
P = 1800 (b) The amount he should repay to the bank per month
∴ The principal is $1800. = $44 784 ÷ (4 × 12)
= $933
5. Let r% be the annual interest rate.
700 × r % × 5 = 175
9
r =5 12. Amy’s simple interest = $8000 × 3.5% ×
12
∴ The annual interest rate is 5%.
= $210
9
6. Let r% be the annual interest rate. Wendy’s simple interest = $6600 × 4% ×
20 12
4800 × r % × + 4800 = 5600 = $198
12
20 Difference between Amy’s interest and Wendy’s interest
4800 × r % × = 800 = $(210 − 198)
12
r = 10 = $12
∴ The annual interest rate is 10%. ∴ Amy will get $12 more.

29
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

13. Let $P be the principal that Andrew deposited. Compound interest = $(541 − 500)
P × (4.5% − 4%) × 1 = 80 = $41 (cor. to the nearest integer)
P × 0.5% = 80
For principal = $1000, interest rate = 5% p.a., interest
P = 16 000
is compounded yearly and deposit period = 3 years,
∴ Andrew deposited $16 000.
Amount = $1000 × (1 + 5%)3
14. Let r% be the annual interest rate. = $1158 (cor. to the nearest integer)
6000 × (2r % − r %) × 3 = 2340
Compound interest = $(1158 − 1000)
18 000 × r % = 2340
= $158 (cor. to the nearest integer)
r = 13
∴ The annual interest rate is 13%. For interest rate = 5% p.a., interest is compounded
yearly, deposit period = 2 years and amount = $4410,
15. Let t years be the time needed. Let $P be the principal.
P × (1 + 6% × t ) = 1.5P P × (1 + 5%) 2 = 4410
1 + 6 % × t = 1 .5 P × 1.052 = 4410
6 % × t = 0 .5
P = 4410 ÷ 1.052
1
t =8 = 4000
3 ∴ The principal is $4000.
1 Compound interest = $(4410 − 4000)
∴ It will take 8 years for Connie to receive an
3 = $410
amount of $1.5P.
Interest Deposit Compound
Principal Amount
16. (a) The simple interest obtained by Alice rate period interest
($) ($)
= $20 000 × 4% × 3 (% p.a.) (year) ($)
= $2400 500 4 2 541 41
1000 5 3 1158 158
(b) The simple interest paid to the bank by Ken 4000 5 2 4410 410
= $20 000 × 12.5% × 3
= $7500 (b) For principal = $4000, interest rate = 4% p.a., interest
is compounded half-yearly and deposit period
1
(c) Profit made by the bank from these two transactions = 1 years,
2
= $(7500 − 2400)
1
1 ×2
= $5100  4%  2
Amount = $4000 × 1 + 
 2 
17. Let $P be the principal that Miss Chan deposits in account = $4245 (cor. to the nearest integer)
A. Miss Chan then deposits $(5000 − P) in account B.
Simple interest received from account A Compound interest = $(4245 − 4000)
= $ P × 10% × 3 = $245 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $0.3P For principal = $9000, interest rate = 16% p.a.,
Simple interest received from account B interest is compounded half-yearly and deposit period
1 1
= $(5000 − P) × 12% × 2 = 3 years,
2 2
= $(5000 − P) × 0.3 1
3 ×2
 16%  2
= $(1500 − 0.3P) Amount = $9000 × 1 + 
 2 
∵ The simple interests received from these 2 accounts
= $15 424 (cor. to the nearest integer)
are the same.
∴ 0.3P = 1500 − 0.3P Compound interest = $(15 424 − 9000)
0.6 P = 1500 = $6424 (cor. to the nearest integer)
P = 2500 For interest rate = 8% p.a., interest is compounded
∴ Miss Chan deposits $2500 in account A and $2500 in half-yearly, deposit period = 3 years and amount =
account B. $56 939,
Let $P be the principal.
Exercise 2D (p. 2.30) 3× 2
 8% 
Level 1 P × 1 +  = 56 939
 2 
1. (a) For principal = $500, interest rate = 4% p.a., interest
is compounded yearly and deposit period = 2 years, P × 1.046 = 56 939
Amount = $500 × (1 + 4%) 2 P = 56 939 ÷ 1.046
= $541 (cor. to the nearest integer) = 45 000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The principal is $45 000.

30
 2 Percentages (II)

Compound interest = $(56 939 − 45 000) 3. The amount Mr Lee will obtain 2 years later
4
= $11 939 (cor. to the nearest integer)  8% 
= $3000 × 1 + 
 2 
Interest Deposit Compound
Principal
rate period
Amount
interest = $3510 (cor. to the nearest integer)
($) ($)
(% p.a.) (year) ($) The compound interest Mr Lee will obtain 2 years later
1 = $(3510 − 3000)
4000 4 1 4245 245
2 = $510 (cor. to the nearest integer)
1
9000 16 3 15 424 6424
2 4. The compound interest after 8 months
45 000 8 3 56 939 11 939   6% 
8

= $ 70 000 × 1 +  − 70 000
  12  
(c) For principal = $8000, interest rate = 12% p.a., = $(70 000 × 1.0058 − 70 000)
interest is compounded quarterly and deposit period =
6 months, = $2849 (cor. to the nearest integer)
6
×4
 12%  12
Amount = $8000 × 1 +  5. The compound interest after 3 months
 4   3

 10% 
= $8487 (cor. to the nearest integer) = $8000 × 1 +  − 8000
  12  
Compound interest = $(8487 − 8000)
  121 
3

= $487 (cor. to the nearest integer) = $8000 ×   − 8000
  120  
For principal = $1000, interest rate = 5% p.a., interest
is compounded quarterly and deposit period = 12 = $202 (cor. to the nearest integer)
months,
12
×4 6. Let $P be the principal.
 5%  12
Amount = $1000 × 1 +  P × (1 + 12%) 20 = 250 000
 4 
= $1051 (cor. to the nearest integer) P = 25 917 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The principal is $25 917.
Compound interest = $(1051 − 1000)
= $51 (cor. to the nearest integer) 7. Let $P be Mark’s investment.
4
For interest rate = 8% p.a., interest is compounded  8% 
P × 1 +  = 4220
quarterly, deposit period = 9 months and amount =  2 
$21 224, P = 3607 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Let $P be the principal.
9 ∴ Mark’s investment is $3607.
×4
 8% 12
P × 1 +  = 21 224
 4  Level 2
8. (a) (i) The amount Miss Yip will obtain
P × 1.023 = 21 224 8
 8% 
P = 21 224 ÷ 1.02 3 = $10 000 × 1 + 
 2 
= 20 000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $13 686 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The principal is $20 000.
Compound interest = $(21 224 − $20 000)
(ii) The amount Miss Yip will obtain
= $1224 (cor. to the nearest integer) 16
 8% 
= $10 000 × 1 + 
Interest Deposit Compound  4 
Principal Amount
rate period interest = $13 728 (cor. to the nearest integer)
($) ($)
(% p.a.) (month) ($)
8000 12 6 8487 487
1000 5 12 1051 51 (iii) The amount Miss Yip will obtain
48
20 000 8 9 21 224 1224  8% 
= $10 000 × 1 + 
 12 
2. The amount Mrs Ho will obtain 3 years later = $13 757 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $30 000 × (1 + 6%)3
= $35 730 (cor. to the nearest integer) (b) From the results of (a), the interest compounded
monthly is the greatest.

31
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

 4% 
2 14. The compound interest Simon will obtain
9. (a) Amount = $ 10 000 ×  1 +   2 4

 2   4%   6% 
= $5000 × 1 +  × 1 +  − 5000
= $ 10 404   2   2  
= $855 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(b) Amount = $10 404 × (1 + 8%) 5

= $15 287 (cor. to the nearest integer) 15. (a) Amount he owed the bank at the beginning of the 2nd
year
Interest gained = $(15 287 − 10 000)
  6% 
2

= $5287 (cor. to the nearest integer) = $ 50 000 × 1 +  − 10 000
  2  
10. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate. = $43 045
2
 r% 
10 000 × 1 +  = 10 609
 2  (b) Amount he owed the bank at the beginning of the 3rd
2 year
 r %  10 609
 
1 +  =  6% 
2

 2  10 000 = $ 43 045 × 1 +  − 10 000

  2  
r%
1+ = 1.03 = $35 666 (cor. to the nearest integer)
2
r=6
∴ The annual interest rate is 6%. (c) Amount he owed the bank at the beginning of the 4th
year
(b) Total interest that Tom will get  2

 6% 
 2
 = $ 35 666 × 1 +  − 10 000
 6%    2  
= $ 10 609 × 1 +  − 10 000
  2   = $27 839 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $1255 (cor. to the nearest integer) Amount he owed the bank at the beginning of the 5th
year
11. (a) The simple interest Betty will obtain   6% 
2

= $5000 × 6% × 2 = $  27 839 × 1 +  − 10 000
  2  
= $600
= $19 534 (cor. to the nearest integer)

(b) The compound interest Betty will obtain

Exercise 2E (p. 2.36)
= $[5000 × (1 + 6%) 2 − 5000]
Level 1
= $618 1. Rates for a year
= $840 000 × 5%
12. Simple interest = $15 000 × 4% × 2 = $42 000
= $1200
  4% 
4
 2. (a) Rates for the whole year
Compound interest = $ 15 000 × 1 +  − 15000 = $300 000 × 5%
  2  
= $15 000
= $1236 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Difference between the simple interest and the compound
interest (b) Rates for a quarter
= $(1236 − 1200) 1
= $15 000 ×
= $36 (cor. to the nearest integer) 4
= $3750

13. (a) (i) The simple interest

= $ P × 8% × 2 1
3. Rates per quarter = $544 000 × 5% ×
= $0.16 P 4
= $6800

(ii) The compound interest

4. Property tax that the owner should pay
= $ P × (1 + 8%)2 − $ P
= $400 000 × 80% × 15%
= $1.1664 P − $ P
= $48 000
= $0.1664 P

5. Property tax that the owner should pay

(b) 0.1664P − 0.16 P = 240 = $15 000 × 12 × 80% × 15%
0.0064P = 240 = $21 600
∴ P = 37 500

32
 2 Percentages (II)

6. Property tax that the owner should pay Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
= $(54 500 + 37 600) × 80% ×15% On the first $40 000 2% $800
= $11 052 On the next $40 000 7% $2800
On the next $20 000 12% $2400
∴ Mrs Ho’s salaries tax payable
7 Mr Chan’s salaries tax payable = $(800 + 2800 + 2400)
= $25 000 × 2%
= $6000
= $500

(b) Net chargeable income of Mr Ho

8. Net chargeable income = $60 000 = $200 000
= $(40 000 + 20 000) = $(40 000 + 40 000 + 40 000 + 80 000)
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800 On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $20 000 7% $1400 On the next $40 000 7% $2800
∴ Miss Wong’s salaries tax payable On the next $40 000 12% $4800
= $(800 + 1400) On the remaining $80 000 17% $13 600
= $2200 ∴ Mr Ho’s salaries tax payable
= $(800 + 2800 + 4800 + 13 600)
Level 2 = $22 000
9. Rateable value of Miss Leung’s property ∴ Required percentage
= $8000 ÷ 5% $( 22 000 − 6000)
= × 100%
= $160 000 $6000
= 267% (cor. to the nearest integer)
10. Annual rates
= $950 × 4 14. Rachael’s rates payable per quarter
= $3800 1
= $314 800 × 5% ×
Rateable value of his property 4
= $3800 ÷ 5% = $3935
= $76 000 Percentage of Rachael’s rates payable per quarter exceed
Roy’s
3935 − 3200
11. (a) Annual rental income of the flat = × 100%
= $14 400 ÷ 80% ÷ 15% 3200
= $120 000 = 23% (cor. to the nearest integer)

(b) Monthly rental income of the flat 15. Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800
= $120 000 ÷ 12
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
= $10 000
The salaries tax of people with net chargeable income
12. Net chargeable income of Harry’s cousin $80 000 is $(800 + 2800) = $3600 > $3530.
= $(260 000 − 143 000) ∴ Mr Lee’s net chargeable income < $80 000.
Let Mr Lee’s net chargeable income be $(40 000 + x).
= $117 000 Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
= $(40 000 + 40 000 + 37 000) On the first $40 000 2% $800
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax On the next $x 7% $0.07x
On the first $40 000 2% $800 800 + 0.07 x = 3530
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 x = 39 000
On the next $37 000 12% $4440 ∴ Mr Lee’s net chargeable income is
∴ The salaries tax payable of Harry’s cousin
$(40 000 + 39 000) = $79 000.
= $(800 + 2800 + 4440)
= $8040 Revision Exercise 2 (p. 2.40)
Level 1
1. (a) New value
13. (a) Net chargeable income of Mrs Ho = 80 × (1 + 10%) × (1 + 25%) cm
= $100 000
= 110 cm
= $(40 000 + 40 000 + 20 000)

(b) New value

= $60 × (1 + 10%) × (1 − 10%)
= $59.4

33
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(c) New value (b) Overall percentage change in its value over these 3
= 50 × (1 − 8%) × (1 − 5%) kg years
= 43.7 kg 112 000 − 250 000
= × 100%
250 000
(d) New value = − 55.2%
= 8000 × (1 − 10%) × (1 + 8%) mL
= 7776 mL 1
9. Simple interest = $4000 × 5 % × 4
2
2. (a) Value of the rare stamp in April = $880
= $40 000 × (1 + 8%) × (1 − 5%) The amount = $(4000 + 880)
= $41 040 = $4880

(b) The overall percentage change 10. Let $P be Chris’ principal.

41 040 − 40 000 P × (1 + 5% × 3) = 5750
= × 100%
40 000 P × 1.15 = 5750
= + 2.6% P = 5000
∴ Chris’ principal is $5000.
3. (a) The value of the antique vase in 2009
= $200 000 × (1 − 4%) × (1 + 5%) × (1 − 10%) 11. Simple interest = $(20 600 − 20 000)
= $181 440 = $600
3
20 000 × r % × = 600
(b) Percentage change in its value from 2006 to 2009 12
181 440 − 200 000 r = 12
= × 100%
200 000
= − 9.28% 12. (a) Let t years be the required deposit period.
10 240 × 2% × t = 512
4. Value of the diamond 5 years later 1
t=2
= $54 000 × (1 + 20%)5 2
= $134 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000) ∴ The required deposit period is 2
1
years.
2
5. (a) Height of the plant 3 years later
(b) Let t years be the required deposit period.
= 64 × (1 + 20%)3 cm 10 240 × 2% × t = 358.4
= 110.592 cm 3
t =1
4
(b) Height of the plant 2 years ago 3
∴ The required deposit period is 1 years.
= 64 ÷ (1 + 20%) 2 cm 4
4
= 44 cm
9 13. (a) Interest = $5000 × 8% × 2
= $800
6. Value of the bus 3 years later
= $2 400 000 × (1 − 15%)3 (b) Interest = $[5000 × (1 + 8%) 2 − 5000]
= $1 473 900 = $832

7. (a) Rent of the flat 4 years later 14. (a) The amount
= $13 000 × (1 − 5%) 4  6% 
4

= $80 000 × 1 + 
= $10 589 (cor. to the nearest $1)  4 
= $84 909 (cor. to the nearest $1)
(b) Rent of the flat 3 years ago
= $13 000 ÷ (1 − 5%)3 (b) The amount
= $15 163 (cor. to the nearest $1)  6% 
12

= $80 000 × 1 + 
 12 
8. (a) Value of the car 3 years later = $84 934 (cor. to the nearest $1)
= $250 000 × (1 − 30%) × (1 − 20%) 2
= $112 000

34
 2 Percentages (II)

15. Let $I be her investment. ∴ Percentage of iron in the new alloy

I × (1 + 3%)6 = 3582 14 kg
= × 100%
I = 3000 (cor. to the nearest $1) 25 kg
∴ Denise invests $3000. = 56%
Percentage of aluminium in the new alloy
16. Let $P be the amount borrowed by Mr Chung.
6 kg
1 = × 100%
Interest rate for half a year = 20% × 25 kg
2
= 10% = 24%
Number of half-year periods in two years = 2 × 2 = 4 Percentage of copper in the new alloy
P × (1 + 10%)4 = 87 846 5 kg
= × 100%
P = 60 000 25 kg
∴ Mr Chung borrows $60 000. = 20%

17. Rates payable per quarter 23. Let b, h, x be the length of base, height of triangle and
1
= $76 000 × 5% × percentage change of height respectively.
4 (1 + 60%)b × (1 + x)h b × h
= $950 =
2 2
1.6bh × (1 + x) = bh
18. Property tax the owner should pay 1 .6 + 1 .6 x = 1
= $8000 × 12 × 80% × 15%
x = −37.5%
= $11 520 ∴ When the height of the triangle decreases by 37.5%,
the area of the triangle will remain unchanged.
19. Net chargeable income
= $150 000 24. (a) Expenditure on petrol this month
= $800 × (1 + 15%) × (1 − 8%)
= $(40 000 + 40 000 + 40 000 + 30 000)
= $846.4
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 (b) Percentage change in the expenditure on petrol
On the next $40 000 12% $4800 $(846.4 − 800)
On the remaining $30 000 17% $5100 = × 100%
$800
∴ Mr Ho’s salaries tax payable
= + 5.8%
= $(800 + 2800 + 4800 + 5100)
= $13 500
25. Let N be the number of students last year.
3
Level 2 Number of boys last year = ×N
3+ 4
20. Price of the digital camera 2 years later
3
= $4000 × (1 − 8%) 4 = N
7
= $2866 (cor. to the nearest $1)
4
Number of girls last year = ×N
21. New volume of alcohol 3+ 4
= (10 − 2) × 6% L 4
= N
= 0.48 L 7
Percentage of alcohol in the new mixture
0.48 3
= × 100% Number of boys this year = N × (1 − 5%)
10 7
= 4.8% 57
= N
140
22. Weight of iron = 20 × 70% kg
= 14 kg 4
Number of girls this year = N × (1 + 10%)
7
Weight of aluminium = 20 × 30% kg
22
= 6 kg = N
35
Total weight of the new alloy
= (20 + 5) kg Percentage change in the number of students
= 25 kg  57 22 
 + N − N
=
140 35 
× 100%
N
= + 3.57% (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

35
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

26. (a) New simple interest received Let $(80 000 + x) be her net chargeable income.
= $ P(1 + 30%) × r (1 − 50%) × t (1 + 20%) Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
= $0.78 Prt On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
On the next $x 12% $0.12x
(b) Percentage change in simple interest received 800 + 2800 + 0.12 x = 4500
0.78 Prt − Prt x = 7500
= × 100%
Prt ∴ Miss Lee’s net chargeable income
= − 22% = $(40 000 + 40 000 + 7500)
= $87 500
6
27. Number of quarters in 6 months = =2
3
32. (a) (i) Length of T3 = x × (1 − 10%) 2 cm
Amount
= 0.81x cm
  1
2
 1  
6

= $ 6500 × 1 + 4% ×  + 4000 × 1 + 6% ×   Width of T3 = y × (1 − 10%) cm

2

  4  12  
= 0.81y cm
= $10 752 (cor. to the nearest $1)

(ii) Area of T3 = 0.81x × 0.81y cm2 = 0.6561xy cm2

28. Let $P be the principal that Michael deposits in the bank.
Percentage change in the area
P × (7% − 5%) × 1 = 500
0.6561xy − xy
0.02 P = 500 = × 100%
xy
P = 25 000
= − 34.39%
∴ Michael deposits $25 000 in the bank.

29. (a) (i) Amount received from plan A (b) (i) Length of Tn = x × (1 − 10 %) n −1 cm
2× 3
 1 = 0 .9 n −1 x cm
= $50 000 × 1 + 5% × 
 2
= $57 985 (cor. to the nearest $1)
Width of Tn = y × (1 − 10%) n −1 cm
= 0.9 n −1 y cm
(ii) Amount received from plan B
2×12
 1
= $50 000 × (1 + 5%) × 1 + 3% ×  (ii) Area of Tn = 0.9n −1 x × 0.9n −1 y cm 2
 12 
= $55 742 (cor. to the nearest $1) = 0.81n −1 xy cm 2

(b) She should choose Plan A. 0.81n −1 xy − xy

(iii) × 100% = −19%
xy
30. Net chargeable income
= $(484 000 − 228 000) 0.81n −1 − 1 = −0.19
= $256 000 0.81n −1 = 0.81
= $(40 000 + 40 000 + 40 000 + 136 000) n −1 = 1
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax n=2
On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 33. Let x kg be the weight of zinc needed.
On the next $40 000 12% $4800 Then, (400 − x) kg is the weight of alloy A needed.
On the remaining $136 000 17% $23 120 Weight of zinc in the new alloy
∴ Mr Wong’s salaries tax payable = [ x + 0.35(400 − x)] kg
= $(800 + 2800 + 4800 + 23 120)
= ( x + 140 − 0.35 x) kg
= $31 520
= (0.65 x + 140) kg
1
31. Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax ∵ The new alloy contains 66 % of zinc by weight.
On the first $40 000 2% $800 16
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 1
∴ 0.65 x + 140 = 400 × 66 %
On the next $40 000 12% $4800 16
The salaries tax of people with net chargeable income 0.65 x + 140 = 264.25
$120 000 and $80 000 are $8400 and $3600 respectively. 0.65 x = 124.25
∴ Her income is less than $120 000 and more than
$80 000. x = 191 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ 209 kg of alloy A and 191 kg of zinc are needed.

36
 2 Percentages (II)

Challenging Questions (p. 2.43)

1. Let x% and y% be the percentages of alcohol in solutions

A and B respectively.
Alcohol content in mixture P = 40%
3 2
x% × + y % × = 40%
5 5
3x 2 y
+ = 40
5 5
3 x + 2 y = 200 …… (1)
Alcohol content in mixture Q = 32%
1 2
x% × + y % × = 32%
3 3
x 2y
+ = 32
3 3
x + 2 y = 96 …… (2)
(1) − (2),
2 x = 104
x = 52
By substituting x = 52 into (2), we have
52 + 2 y = 96
2 y = 44
y = 22
∴ The percentages of alcohol in solutions A and B are
52% and 22% respectively.

2. Original overall selling price of the two products

$694.4
=
1 − 13.2%
= $800
Let $x be the marked price of product A. Then, $(800 – x)
is the marked price of product B.
x(1 − 15%) + (800 − x)(1 − 12%) = 694.4
0.85 x + 704 − 0.88 x = 694.4
− 0.03x = −9.6
x = 320
Marked price of product B
= $(800 − 320)
= $480
∴ The marked prices of products A and B are $320 and
$480 respectively.

37