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9 Trigonometric Relations (c) sin 25° =
x
3
Review Exercise 9 (p. 9.3) x=
sin 25°
x = 7.099 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
1. (a) tan 15° + cos 55° = 0.842 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Activity
(b) sin 24° − 4 tan 10° = −0.299 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Activity 9.1 (p. 9.4)
sin 34°
(c) = 1.49 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1. (a) (i) AC = 12 + 12 = 2
cos 68°
(ii) x = 45°
2. (a) sin θ = 0.891
θ = 63.0° (cor. to the nearest 0.1°) 1 2 1 2
(b) sin 45° = or , cos 45° = or ,
2 2 2 2
(b) tan θ = sin 66° cos 22°
tan 45° = 1
tan θ ≈ 0.847 025
θ = 40.3° (cor. to the nearest 0.1°) 2. (a) (i) PS = 1
RS = 2 2 − 12 = 3
(c) cos θ = (sin 78°) 2
68
9 Trigonometric Relations
69
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
Quick Practice 9.6 (p. 9.13) Quick Practice 9.9 (p. 9.19)
1 ∵ cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ
Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
15 ∴ cos θ = 1 − sin 2 θ
By Pythagoras’ theorem, 2
5
AC = AB + BC
2 2 = 1−
13
= ( 15 ) 2 + 12 144
=
=4 169
By definition, 12
BC 1 =
sin θ = = 13
AC 4 sin θ
tan θ =
cos θ =
AB
=
15 cos θ
AC 4 5 13
= ×
1 15 13 12
sin θ cos θ = ×
4 4 5
=
15 12
= 2
16 5 12 5
∴ (3 sin θ + 2 cos θ ) tan 2 θ = 3 × + 2 × ×
13 13 12
Quick Practice 9.7 (p. 9.17) 25
= 3×
sin θ 144
2
2 tan θ cos θ
=
25
(a) =
sin θ sin θ 48
2 sin θ 1
= ×
cos θ sin θ Quick Practice 9.10 (p. 9.19)
=
2 sin θ
tan θ =
cos θ cos θ
1 sin θ
=
(b) sin 2 θ − (3 − cos 2 θ ) = sin 2 θ − 3 + cos 2 θ 2 cos θ
cos θ = 2 sin θ
= (sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) − 3
= 1− 3 cos 2 θ = 4 sin 2 θ
= −2 1 − sin 2 θ = 4 sin 2 θ
1 = 5 sin 2 θ
cos 2 θ cos 2 θ sin 2 θ =
1
(c) =
2 − 2 sin θ 2(1 − sin 2 θ )
2 5
cos 2 θ 1 5
= sin θ = or
5
2 cos 2 θ 5
1
= cos 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ
2
1
cos θ = 1 −
Quick Practice 9.8 (p. 9.18) 5
sin 2 θ 2 2 5
(a) (1 + tan 2 θ ) cos 2 θ = 1 + cos 2 θ = or
cos θ
2
5 5
= cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ
=1 Quick Practice 9.11 (p. 9.20)
4 cos θ − 3 sin θ 4 cos θ 3 sin θ
= −
9 sin θ 9 sin θ 9 sin θ
cos θ + sin θ = cos θ + sin θ
(b) 4 1
tan θ sin θ = −
cos θ 9 tan θ 3
4 5 1
= cos θ + sin θ = × −
2 2
sin θ sin θ 9 2 3
7
= cos θ + sin θ =
2 2
sin θ 9
= 1
sin θ
70
9 Trigonometric Relations
1
(b) tan (90° − θ ) sin θ − sin (90° − θ ) = × sin θ − cos θ
tan θ Further Practice
cos θ
= × sin θ − cos θ
sin θ Further Practice (p. 9.8)
=0 3
1. (a) tan 60° cos 30° = 3 ×
2
Quick Practice 9.14 (p. 9.25) 3
=
tan 41° sin 49° sin 49° 2
(a) = tan (90° − 49°) ×
cos 49° cos 49° 1
1 1×
= × tan 49° tan 45° cos 45° 2
tan 49° (b) =
sin 60° 3
=1
2
(b) (tan 2 64° + 1) sin 2 26° = [tan 2 (90° − 26°) + 1] sin 2 26° 1 2
= ×
1 2 3
= + 1 sin 2 26°
tan 26°
2
2 6
cos 2 26° = or
= + 1 sin 2 26° 3 3
sin 26°
2
= cos 2 26° + sin 2 26°
=1
71
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
2
1 1
2 1 1 1 1
− (b) + = +
(c) sin 2 45° − tan 2 30° = tan θ cos θ sin θ sin θ sin θ
2 3 × cos θ
cos θ
1 1
= − =
1
+
1
2 3 sin θ sin θ
1
= =
2
6 sin θ
3 25
cos 2θ = 9
2 sin 2 θ = 1 −
2θ = 30° 25
16
θ = 15° sin 2 θ =
25
4
3. (a) Consider △ABC. sin θ =
5
AC
tan ∠ABC = sin θ
BC tan θ =
AC = BC tan (30° + 30°) cos θ
4
= 3 tan 60° m 5
=
= 3× 3 m 3
= 3m 5
4
=
3
(b) Consider △BCD.
DC
tan 30° = 3
BC 3. ∵ tan θ =
DC = BC tan 30° 2
1 sin θ 3
DC = 3 × m ∴ =
3 cos θ 2
=1m 2 sin θ = 3 cos θ
AD = AC − DC 4 sin 2 θ = 3 cos 2 θ
= (3 − 1 ) m 4 sin 2 θ = 3(1 − sin 2 θ )
= 2m 4 sin 2 θ = 3 − 3 sin 2 θ
7 sin 2 θ = 3
3
Further Practice (p. 9.21) sin 2 θ =
7
1. (a) cos θ + 1 − sin θ = cos θ + cos θ
2 2 2 2
3 21
= 2 cos 2 θ sin θ = or
7 7
72
9 Trigonometric Relations
and cos θ =
2
sin θ sin 2 θ sin 2 θ
(b) sin 2 (90° − θ ) − = cos 2 θ −
3 tan θ2
sin 2 θ
2 3 cos 2 θ
= ×
3 7 = cos θ − cos 2 θ
2
2 2 7 =0
= or
7 7
3. (a) 3 cos 2 17° + 3 cos 2 73° + 3
sin θ = 3 cos 2 (90° − 73°) + 3 cos 2 73° + 3
sin θ cos θ = 3 sin 2 73° + 3 cos 2 73° + 3
4. =
sin θ + cos θ sin θ + cos θ
= 3(sin 2 73° + cos 2 73°) + 3
cos θ
= 3(1) + 3
sin θ
cos θ =6
=
sin θ cos θ
+
cos θ cos θ tan 21° tan 69° tan (90° − 69°) tan 69°
(b) =
tan θ 1 + tan 21° tan 69° 1 + tan (90° − 69°) tan 69°
=
tan θ + 1 1
4 × tan 69°
= = tan 69°
4 +1 1
1+ × tan 69°
=
4 tan 69°
5 1
=
1+1
Further Practice (p. 9.26) 1
=
1. (a) cos θ = sin 60° 2
= cos (90° − 60°)
= cos 30°
θ = 30°
Exercise
(b) sin θ = cos 45° Exercise 9A (p. 9.8)
= sin (90° − 45°) Level 1
= sin 45° 2 − sin 30° = 2 −
1
1.
θ = 45° 2
3
=
2
1
(c) tan θ =
tan 30°
= tan (90° − 30°) 2. 2 tan 45° = 2 × 1
= 2
= tan 60°
θ = 60°
2 2
3. =
sin 45° 1
1 1 1 1
2. (a) − = − 2
cos 2 θ tan 2 (90° − θ ) cos 2 θ 1
=2 2
tan 2 θ
1
= − tan 2 θ
cos 2 θ 4. cos 45° + sin 45° =
1
+
1
1 sin θ 2 2 2
= −
cos 2 θ cos 2 θ =
2
1 − sin 2 θ 2
=
cos θ 2
= 2
cos 2 θ
=
cos 2 θ 3
=1 5. 2 sin 60° − tan 60° = 2 × − 3
2
= 3− 3
=0
73
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
+
2 2 17. 2 sin 30° − tan θ = 0
1 1
= 2 × − tan θ = 0
1 3 2
+
2 4 tan θ = 1
=
1 θ = 45°
5
4
4 18. 2 cos θ − cos 45° = 0
= 1
5 2 cos θ =
2
1 1
1
−
1 cos θ = ×
sin 45° − cos 45° 2 2 2 2
10. =
tan 45° 1 cos θ =
1
=0 2
θ = 60°
1
3×
tan 60° cos 45° 2 cos θ =
AC
11. = 19. (a)
sin 45° 1 AB
4
2 =
8
= 3 1
=
2
1 3 θ = 60°
12. 2 cos 60° − sin 60° tan 60° = 2 × − × 3
2 2
3 AB
= 1− (b) sin 30° =
2 AC
1 x
=− =
2 10
x = 10 sin 30°
13. 2 sin θ = 2 1
= 10 ×
2
2 =5
sin θ =
2
θ = 45°
74
9 Trigonometric Relations
BC θ
(c) tan 45° = 25. 3 tan −1 = 0
AC 2
3 θ 1
= tan =
x 2 3
x=
3 θ
= 30°
tan 45° 2
=
3 θ = 60°
1
=3 26. sin θ sin 45° − cos 60° = 0
1 1
sin θ =
2 2
Level 2
1 2
2 sin θ =
tan 30° 3 1 2
20. + cos 2 45° = + θ = 45°
sin 60° 3 2
2
2 1 27. tan 2θ tan 60° − tan 45° = 0
= +
3 2 3 tan 2θ − 1 = 0
7 1
= tan 2θ =
6 3
2θ = 30°
θ = 15°
2 2
3
21. cos 30° − sin 45° + cos 60° =
2 2 − 1 + 1
2 2 2
28. Consider △ABC.
3 1 1
= − + AC
4 2 2 cos 60° =
BC
3
= 1
4 =
x
1
x=
3 1 1 1 1
22. sin 60° cos 45° − cos 60° sin 45° = × − ×
2 2 2 2 2
=2
3 −1
=
2 2 Consider △CBD.
BD
6− 2 cos 45° =
= BC
4
y
=
2
23. (sin 30° + sin 45°) tan 60° + 1 2
tan 30° y = 2×
2
= 2
= 1 + 2 3 + 1
2 2 1
29. Consider △CDA.
3
∵ ∠CAD = 45° – 15°
= 1 + 2 ( 3 + 3 ) = 30°
2 2 ∴
tan ∠CAD = CD
= 1+ 2 × 2 3 AD
2 x
tan 30° =
= 3+ 6 6
x = 6× 3
3
24. 3 − 2 cos 3θ = 0
=2 3
3
cos 3θ =
2
3θ = 30°
θ = 10°
75
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
76
9 Trigonometric Relations
BC 13 39
2 tan θ = = or
3. Construct △ABC as shown with sin θ = . AB 3 3
7
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AB = AC 2 − BC 2
= 72 − ( 2 )2
= 47
77
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
4 By definition,
7. Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
3 BC 4
sin θ = =
By Pythagoras’ theorem, AC 5
BC 4
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 tan θ = =
AB 3
= 32 + 4 2 4 4
∴ sin θ tan θ = ×
=5 5 3
By definition, 16
BC 4 =
sin θ = = 15
AC 5
AB 3 15
cos θ = = 11. Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
AC 5 8
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
8. tan θ = 1.25 AC = AB 2 + BC 2
125
= = 8 2 + 15 2
100
5 = 17
= By definition,
4
BC 15
5 sin θ = =
Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = . AC 17
4
AB 8
By Pythagoras’ theorem, cos θ = =
AC 17
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 15 8
∴ 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 3 × + 5×
= 4 +52 2 17 17
85
= 41 =
17
By definition,
=5
BC 5 5 41
sin θ = = or
AC 41 41 2
12. Construct △ABC as shown with sin θ = .
AB 4 4 41 3
cos θ = = or By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AC 41 41
AB = AC 2 − BC 2
2 2 = 32 − 2 2
9. Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
1 = 5
By Pythagoras’ theorem, By definition,
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 BC 2
tan θ = =
AB 5
= 12 + ( 2 2 ) 2 2
2
=3 ∴ tan θ =
2
By definition, 5
BC 2 2 4
sin θ = = =
AC 3 5
AB 1
cos θ = = 5
AC 3 13. Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
2
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
Level 2
3 AC = AB 2 + BC 2
10. Construct △ABC as shown with cos θ = .
5
= 22 + 52
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
= 29
BC = AC 2 − AB 2
By definition,
= 52 − 32 BC 5
sin θ = =
=4 AC 29
AB 2
cos θ = =
AC 29
78
9 Trigonometric Relations
1 1 3
∴ = 16. Construct △ABC as shown with tan θ = .
sin θ − cos θ 5 2 1
−
29 29 By Pythagoras’ theorem,
1 AC = AB 2 + BC 2
=
3
= 12 + 3 2
29
= 10
29
= By definition,
3 BC 3
sin θ = =
AC 10
14. cos θ = 0.2 AB 1
2 cos θ = =
= AC 10
10
1 3
1 − 2×
= cos θ − 2 sin θ 10 10
5 ∴ =
sin θ + cos θ 3 1
1 +
Construct △ABC as shown with cos θ = . 10 10
5
By Pythagoras’ theorem, −5
BC = AC 2 − AB 2 10
=
4
= 5 2 − 12 10
= 24 5
=−
By definition, 4
BC 24
sin θ = =
AC 5
BC 24 Exercise 9C (p. 9.21)
tan θ = = = 24 Level 1
AB 1
sin θ
tan θ cos θ ×
∴ =
24 cos θ tan θ cos θ
1. =
sin θ 24 sin θ sin θ
5 sin θ
=
=5 sin θ
=1
5
15. Construct △ABC as shown with sin θ = . sin θ
3
tan θ cos θ
By Pythagoras’ theorem, 2. =
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
AB = AC − BC
2 2
sin θ 1
= ×
= 32 − ( 5 ) 2 cos θ sin θ cos θ
=2 1
=
By definition, cos 2 θ
BC 5
tan θ = =
AB 2 3. 5 − 5 cos 2 θ = 5(1 − cos 2 θ )
5 = 5 sin 2 θ
tan θ 2
∴ =
1 + tan 2 θ 5
2
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
1+ 4. 1− = 1−
2 tan θ sin θ
cos θ
5 cos θ
= 1 − sin θ cos θ ×
= 2 sin θ
9 = 1 − cos 2 θ
4 = sin 2 θ
5 2
= ×
2 3
5
=
3
79
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
cos 2 θ 64
1+
1
= 1+ =
9. 289
tan θ
2
sin θ 2
8
sin θ + cos 2 θ
2
=
= 17
sin 2 θ
sin θ
=
1 and tan θ =
sin 2 θ cos θ
8 17
= ×
17 15
sin θ
10. sin θ tan θ + cos θ = sin θ + cos θ 8
cos θ =
15
sin 2 θ
= + cos θ
cos θ
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ 16. tan θ = sin θ
= cos θ
cos θ
4 = sin θ
=
1 cos θ
cos θ 4 cos θ = sin θ
16 cos 2 θ = sin 2 θ
11. (cos θ + 1)(cosθ − 1) = cos θ − 1
2
16(1 − sin 2 θ ) = sin 2 θ
= − sin θ 2
16 − 16 sin 2 θ = sin 2 θ
17 sin 2 θ = 16
sin 2 θ sin 2 θ
12. = sin 2 θ = 16
1 − sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 17
= tan 2 θ
sin θ = 4 or 4 17
17 17
∵ cos 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ
∴ cos θ = 1 − 16
17
= 1
17
= 1 or 17
17 17
80
9 Trigonometric Relations
1 − sin 2 θ
20
2 = − sin 2 θ
= 1− cos 2 θ
29 cos 2 θ
= − sin 2 θ
441 cos 2 θ
=
841 = 1 − sin 2 θ
=
21 = cos 2 θ
29
sin θ 1 sin θ cos θ sin θ
tan θ = 23. + = +
cos θ tan θ 1 + cos θ sin θ 1 + cos θ
20 cos θ + cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ
=
= 29 sin θ (1 + cos θ )
21
cos θ + 1
29 =
sin θ (1 + cos θ )
20
= 1
21 =
sin θ
20
(b) 3 tan θ − 2 = 3 × −2 2 sin θ
21
2 sin θ cos θ
6 24. =
= sin θ + 2 cos θ sin θ 2 cos θ
7 +
cos θ cos θ
2 tan θ
Level 2 =
tan θ + 2
18. 1 − (cos θ + sin θ ) = 1 − (cos θ + 2 cos θ sin θ + sin θ )
2 2 2
2
= 1 − (1 + 2 cos θ sin θ ) 2×
= 5
= − 2 sin θ cos θ 2
+2
5
19. tan 2 θ (1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ ) = tan 2 θ (1 − sin 2 θ ) 4
= 5
sin 2 θ
= cos 2 θ 12
cos 2 θ 5
= sin 2 θ 1
=
3
1 − (sin θ − cos θ ) 2 1 − (sin 2 θ − 2 sin θ cos θ + cos 2 θ )
20. =
tan θ tan θ 3 sin θ 4 cos θ
+
1 − (1 − 2 sin θ cos θ ) 3 sin θ + 4 cos θ
= 25. = cos θ cos θ
tan θ 2 sin θ + 6 cos θ 2 sin θ 6 cos θ
+
2 sin θ cos θ cos θ cos θ
=
sin θ 3 tan θ + 4
=
cos θ 2 tan θ + 6
= 2 cos 2 θ 3
3× + 4
= 4
3
(1 − sin θ )(1 + sin θ ) 1 − sin 2 θ 2× + 6
21. = 4
cos θ
2
cos 2 θ 25
cos θ
= = 4
cos 2 θ 30
1 4
=
cos θ 5
=
6
81
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
∴ θ = 12° cos θ
= cos 2
θ
2. sin θ = cos 12° cos 2 θ
= sin (90° − 12°) =1
= sin 78°
∴ θ = 78° 11. sin 36° = sin 36°
2 cos 54° 2 sin (90° − 54°)
3. cos θ = sin 53.2° = sin 36°
2 sin 36°
= cos (90° − 53.2°)
= 1
= cos 36.8° 2
∴ θ = 36.8°
12. sin 27° − cos 63° = sin 27° − sin (90° − 63°)
4. cos θ = sin 7.3° = sin 27° − sin 27°
= cos (90° − 7.3°) =0
= cos 82.7°
∴ θ = 82.7° 1
13. 1 + tan 38° tan 52° = 1 + tan 38°
tan (90° − 52°)
82
9 Trigonometric Relations
14. tan 25° − 1 = tan (90° − 65°) − 1 20. cos 2 θ [1 + tan 2 (90° − θ )]
tan 65° tan 65°
1
1 1 = cos 2 θ 1 +
= − tan 2 θ
tan 65° tan 65°
=0 cos 2 θ
= cos 2 θ 1 +
sin 2 θ
Level 2 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ
15. cos 43° = sin (75° − θ ) = cos 2 θ
sin 2 θ
sin (90° − 43°) = sin (75° − θ )
sin 47° = sin (75° − θ ) cos 2 θ
=
∴ 47° = 75° − θ sin 2 θ
1
θ = 28° =
tan 2 θ
83
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
3 sin (90° − θ )
28. ∵ sin (90° − θ ) = + 2 cos (90° − θ ) = cos θ + 2 sin θ (by (1))
4 1 − tan θ 1− 2
3 = − cos θ + 4 cos θ
∴ cosθ = (by (2))
4 = 3 cos θ
tan θ = sin θ
cos θ = 3 or 3 5 (by (3))
5 5
= 1 − cos θ
2
cos θ
2
1 − 3 Exercise 9E (p. 9.29)
= 4 Level 1
3 tan θ cos θ
4 1. L.H.S. =
sin θ
= 7 ×4 sin θ
16 3 cos θ
= cos θ
= 7 ×4 sin θ
4 3 sin θ
=
= 7 sin θ
3 =1
R.H.S. = 1
29. sin 2 (90° − θ ) = cos 2 θ ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
tan θ cos θ
1
2
∴ ≡1
= sin θ
3
=
1 2. R.H.S. = tan (90° − θ ) sin θ
9
= 1 sin θ
tan θ
cos 2 (90° − θ ) = sin 2 θ
= cos θ sin θ
= 1 − cos 2 θ sin θ
1 = cos θ
= 1− L.H.S. = cos θ
9
8 ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
= ∴ cos θ ≡ tan (90° − θ ) sin θ
9
tan 2 (90° − θ ) =
1 sin θ
3. R.H.S. = + cos θ
tan 2 θ tan θ
cos 2 θ sin θ
= = + cos θ
sin 2 θ sin θ
1 cos θ
= cos θ + cos θ
= 9
8 = 2 cos θ
9 L.H.S. = 2cosθ
1 ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
=
8 sin θ
∴ 2 cos θ ≡ + cos θ
tan θ
84
9 Trigonometric Relations
85
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
= 1
1 tan 45°
sin θ cos θ 5. sin θ =
sin 45° + cos 45°
= sin θ cos θ 1
R.H.S. = sin θ cos θ =
1 1
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. +
2 2
tan (90° − θ )
∴ ≡ sin θ cosθ 1
1 + tan 2 (90° − θ ) =
2
15. (a) L.H.S. = sin2 θ – cos2 θ 2
= (sin θ – cos θ)(sin θ + cos θ) 2
R.H.S. = sin θ – cos θ =
2
∵ L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S. ∴ θ = 45°
∴ sin2 θ – cos2 θ = sin θ – cos θ is not an identity.
2 2 2
1 3 1 2
3. sin 2 30° + cos 2 30° + tan 2 30° = + +
8. Construct △ABC as shown with cos θ = .
2 3
2 3
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
1 3 1
= + +
4 4 3 BC = AC 2 − AB 2
4 = 32 − 2 2
=
3
= 5
86
9 Trigonometric Relations
= 22 + 52
tan θ 1
= 29 16. − cos θ − sin θ
sin θ sin θ
By definition,
sin θ
5 29
BC 5 1 − sin 2 θ
= cos θ − cos θ
sin θ = = or
AC 29 29 sin θ sin θ
AB 2 2 29
cosθ = = or 1 cos 2 θ
AC 29 29 = − cos θ
cos θ sin θ
1 − cos 2 θ cos 2 θ
10. 2 sin 46° + 2 sin 44° = 2[cos (90° − 46°) + sin 44°]
2 2 2 2 = ×
cos θ sin θ
= 2(cos 2 44° + sin 2 44°) sin θ cos θ
2
=
= 2(1) sin θ
=2 = sin θ cos θ
11. cos 2 32° tan 2 32° − cos 2 58° 17. 4 cos 2 (90° − θ ) + 4 sin 2 (90° − θ ) + 4
sin 2 32° = 4 sin 2 θ + 4 cos 2 θ + 4
= cos 2 32° × − sin 2 (90° − 58°)
cos 2 32° = 4(sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) + 4
= sin 2 32° − sin 2 32° = 4(1) + 4
=0 =8
tan 11° tan 79° = tan (90° − 79°) tan 79° cos 2 θ cos 2 θ
12. 18. sin 2 (90° − θ ) + = cos 2 θ +
1 + 2 tan 11° tan 79° 1 + 2 tan (90° − 79°) tan 79° tan (90° − θ )
2
cos 2 θ
1 × tan 79° sin 2 θ
= tan 79°
= cos θ + sin 2 θ
2
1 + 2 × 1 × tan 79°
tan 79° =1
= 1
1+ 2 1 1
19. −1 = −1
=1 sin 2 (90° − θ ) cos 2 θ
3
1 − cos 2 θ
=
cos 2 θ
1 1 cos 2 θ 1
13. − = − sin 2 θ
tan θ
2
sin θ
2
sin 2 θ sin 2 θ =
cos 2 θ
cos 2 θ − 1
= = tan 2 θ
sin 2 θ
− sin 2 θ
=
sin 2 θ
= −1
87
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
20. sin (90° − θ ) sin θ tan (90° − θ ) + sin 2 θ (b) Consider △ABD.
tan θ = BC = 1 or 6
AB 24 12
88
9 Trigonometric Relations
(b) 2 32. (a) cos (42° − θ ) tan (42° − θ ) = cos (2θ + 18°)
sin 2 (90° − θ )[1 + tan 2 (90° − θ )] sin (42° − θ )
cos (42° − θ ) × = cos (2θ + 18°)
= 2 cos (42° − θ )
cos 2 θ 1 + 12 ∴ sin (42° − θ ) = sin [90° − (2θ + 18°)]
tan θ
42° − θ = 90° − 2θ − 18°
= 2
2 θ = 30°
24
[1 + ( 24 ) ]
2
5
(b) 3 cosθ sin (15° + θ ) tan 2θ = 3 cos 30° sin 45° tan 60°
= 2
24 × 25
= 3× 3 × 1 × 3
25 2 2
= 1 9 9 2
12 = or
2 2 4
89
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
DC = 3 cm
36. ∵ BCDE is a rectangle.
tan 60°
3 cm ∴ BE = CD = y and DE = BC = 6 3
=
3 In △ABE,
= 1 cm AE
tan 30° =
BE
∴ Area of △ABD = 1 × AD × BC
2 AE = y tan 30°
= 1 × ( AC − DC ) × BC =
y
2 3
1
= × (3 − 1) × 3 cm 2 In △ACD,
2
AD = AE + ED
= 3 cm 2
y
x= + 6 3 ...............(1)
3
35. (a) In △ECD,
x
cos 30° = EC tan 60° =
2 cm y
EC = 2 cos 30° cm x = y tan 60°
x = y 3 ........................(2)
= 2 × 3 cm
2 By substituting (2) into (1), we have
= 3 cm y 3=
y
+6 3
In △ACB, 3
cos 30° = BC 1
4 cm y 3 − =6 3
3
BC = 4 cos 30° cm
y (3 − 1) = 18
= 4 × 3 cm 18
2 y=
2
= 2 3 cm
=9
∴ BE = BC − EC
By substituting y = 9 into (2), we have
= (2 3 − 3 ) cm
x=9 3
= 3 cm
37. (a) Consider △DBF.
(b) In △ECD,
FB
sin 60° =
sin 30° = ED FD
2 cm
ED = 2 sin 30° cm 3 FB
=
2 4m
= 2 × 1 cm
2 FB = 2 3 m
= 1 cm Consider △ABC.
In △BED, CB
by Pythagoras’ theorem, sin 30° =
CA
BD = BE 2 + ED 2 1 CB
=
2 4m
= ( 3 ) 2 + 12 cm CB = 2 m
= 2 cm FC = FB − CB
= ( 2 3 − 2) m
(c) With the notations in the
figure, ∴ The top of the ladder has been lowered
in △FCE, ( 2 3 − 2) m .
EF
tan 30° =
EC (b) Consider △ABC.
EF = EC tan 30° AB
cos 30° =
1 AC
= 3× cm
3 3 AB
=
= 1 cm 2 4m
AB = 2 3 m
90
9 Trigonometric Relations
91
Math in Action (2nd Edition) 3B Full Solutions
44 terms
1
= 44 +
2
89
=
2
tan 1° tan 2° tan 3°... tan 87° tan 88° tan 89°
∴
cos 1° + cos 2 2° + cos 2 3° + ... + cos 2 87° + cos 2 88° + cos 2 89°
2
= 1
89
2
= 2
89
92