Organic molecule:

Hydrocarbon methane CH4

Alkane

Methane

Ethane

Propane

Methyl

Ethyl 2,2-dimethylbutane 2,3-dimethylbutane

chloro

bromo

iodo

2-bromo-3-chloro-2-iodo-3-methylbutane

Reaction

Combustion

CH4 + 2O2 = 2H2O + CO2

Elimination

C2H6 = C2H4 + H2

Substitution

CH4 + 2Cl2 = CCL4 tetrachloromethane

Alkene

C=C double bond

Find the parent chain!

2-methylpropene
 2-methylpent-2-ene 3-methylpent-1-ene

Parent chain is the longest carbon chain with the functional group.

4,5-dibromohept-3-ene

Reaction

Combustion

Addition

Addition polymerisation 聚合加成反应

Polyethene

Alcohol

methanol

ethanol

2,4-dibromo-2-chloropentan-3-ol 2,4-dibromo-2-chloropentan-1-ol

Reaction

Combustion

Substitution
Esterification

Elimination alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + water

Oxidation alcohol = aldehyde = carboxylic acid

Aldehyde

2-bromopropanal

Carboxylic acid -COOH

2-methylbutanoic acid

3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid

Ester
 1-bromo-1-methylpropan-1-ol + 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoic acid

benzene

amine

amino acid

Condensation polymerisation 缩合聚合反应

Catalyst: provide an alternative reaction pathway, and lower activation energy

Primary Alcohol
 Protein structure

Primary

Amino acid (type and sequence) peptide bond (covalent)

Secondary

Alpha-helix beta-pleated sheet

The hydrogen bond between peptide bond

Tertiary

Between R groups

3D confirmation

Hydrogen bond, dipole force, van der waal’s force IMF

Ionic bond

Covalent bond disulfide bridge 二硫键

Quaternary

Forces between peptide chains hemoglobin 血红蛋白

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

Deoxy ribose 核糖

Nucleotide 核苷酸

complimentary base pairing 碱基互补配对

碱基 A,T,C,G