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1 Useful Constant 

Table 1: Physical and orbital characteristics of selected bodies in the Solar System

Property Sun Mercury ☿ Venus ​♀ Earth ​⊕ Moon ​☾ Mars ♂ Jupier ​♃ Saturn ​♄ Uranus ​ Neptune ​♆

Mass
m / Kg

Radius
R/m

Orbital Semi- -
Major axis, a / m

Orbital - days days days days days years years years years
period T
(sidereal)
days
(synodic)

Orbital -
Eccentricity ϵ

Table 2: Commonly used fundamental constants and unit denitions

Units and Physical Quantities Universal Constants

Planck's Constant
1 Astronomical U nit (AU ) =
Reduced Planck's Constant
1 Light year (ly) =
Gravitational Constant
1 parsec (pc) =
Speed of Light
1 electron − v olt (eV ) =
Boltzmann's Constant
Avogadro′s N umber
Average Solar Luminosity, Coulomb Constant
Average Solar Temperature, Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
Atomic mass unit, Electronic charge
Proton Mass = Fine structure constant
Neutron Mass = Wien's Displacement Constant
Electron Mass = Hubble Constant (as of 03/13)