APA 7 Style Keyano Library Guide - Updated September 14, 2020

APA Style (7th ed.
) Library Guide
Find the full APA Manual in the Keyano Library: BF 76.6 P83 2020
Based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition and The University of Alberta Library’s APA Citation
Style QuickGuide
*Reminder to students: Always confirm a course’s specific APA Style requirements with your instructor.
Formatting Requirements of Citations
Reference Format
The reference list must include the following formatting:
• Title the page References (see page 18 of this guide for a sample reference page).
• There are four elements to a reference entry, placed in the following order:
o 1. Author. 2. Date. 3. Title. 4. Source. (see page 5 of this guide for an in-depth breakdown for using each element)
o Place a period at the end of each element (this excludes DOI or URL)
o Use punctuation marks, most commonly commas or parentheses, between different parts of the same element.
• References cited in-text must appear as an entry in the reference list. This excludes personal communications and secondary sources.
• Place the list of reference entries on a new page at the end of your text.
• All entries in the reference list are organized alphabetically, by author’s last name or by title if there is no author
• If two or more entries are by the same author(s), list the entries in chronological order (oldest first)
• If two or more entries have the same authors and year, each source must be differentiated by placing an alphabetical letter after the year
(e.g., 2019a, 2019b, 2019c)
• If no publication date is available, use the abbreviation (n.d.). See page 284 in the APA Manual for guidance on other missing elements.
• Double space all references
• Each entry must be formatted with a hanging indent (0.5 inch or 1.27 cm).
o To create a hanging indent in Microsoft Word: Highlight your reference entry, right click, select Paragraph from list, a box will open
and select Hanging from the drop down menu labelled Special.
For more information, consult pages 281 to 309 in the APA Manual.
Formatting DOIs and URLs

• To standardize the retrieval of sources with a DOI, the entire hyperlink is required in APA 7 (i.e., https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000096)
• If no DOI is available, treat the source as a print format
• Whether print or online, if a source has a DOI it must be included in a reference list entry
• If citing a webpage or a document retrieved from a website, provide a URL in the reference list entry
• Do not state “retrieved from” prior to the URL.
Updated September 2020 Need More Information? Contact the Library or Book an Appointment with the Information Librarian 1
Formatting Author Names
Type of Reference Format In-text Citation Format

Author(s) General Reference Template Example of Author Element (Parenthetical) (Narrative)
1 Author Author, A. A. (Year). Title. Source. Rubin, J. H. (2008). (Rubin, 2008) Rubin (2008)
2 Authors Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (Gibbs & Huang, 2001) Gibbs and Huang
Title. Source. (2001). * (2001)
3-20 Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Post, P. B., Phipps, C. B., Camp, A. (Post et al., 2019) Post et al. (2019)
Authors & Author, D. D. (Year). Title. C., & Grybush, A. L. (2019).
Source.
No Author Title. (Year)..** Stress: A social issue. (n.d.). (Stress: A social issue, Stress: A social issue
n.d.) (n.d).
Organization Organization Name. (Year). Title. Source. Alberta Health Services. (2018). First Citation: First Citation:
(Alberta College of Alberta College of
Social Workers Social Workers
[ACSW], 2019) (ACSW, 2019)
Subsequent Citations: Subsequent Citations:

(ACSW, 2019) ACSW (2019)
* To indicate the roles other than an author of a resource, write (Ed.) for one editor or (Eds.) for multiple editors (for other types of roles, see pp.
287-288).
** If no author, move the title element to the author’s position. If the title of a work is italicized in a reference, also italicize in the in-text citation (e.g.,
a book or website). If the title of a work is not italicized in a reference entry, place double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation (e.g.,
a journal article, reference entry, or chapter in a book,
For more information, consult pages 264 to 265, 285 to 289, and 304 to 306 in the APA Manual.
Formatting Titles of Works

When formatting titles, it is important to recognize whether the title is for a stand-alone work (e.g. books, webpages, or social media) or from a work
that is contained by a larger work (e.g., chapter in an edited book or article in a journal). How titles are formatted will also depend on whether they
are found in a reference entry or in the body of your work.
Title used in a reference entry

• For works that are part of a larger work: Do not italicize the title or use quotation marks. Place the title in sentence case (first word and any
proper nouns are capitalized).
o E.g., Cost benefit analysis to select clean energy solutions in dairy farm milk collection posts in Azores
• For stand-alone works: Italicize and place the title in sentence case.
o E.g., The new republic of childhood: A critical guide to Canadian children’s literature in English.
• For periodicals (e.g., journals or magazines): Place in title case (capitalize all major words) and italicize of the name of the periodical
o E.g., International Journal of Play Therapy
Titles used in the body of your work

• Place double quotation marks around the title and use title case (capitalize all major words) for titles of articles, book chapters, and any other
works that are part of a larger work.
o E.g., The article “Cost Benefit Analysis to Select Clean Energy Solutions in Dairy Farm Milk Collection Posts in Azores” explores…
• Italicize and use title case for titles of periodicals, book titles, reports, webpages, and other stand-alone works
o E.g., The book The New Republic of Childhood: A Critical Guide to Canadian Children’s Literature in English analyzes…
For more information, consult pages 158, 165, 167 to 172, and 291 to 293 in the APA Manual.
In-text Citations
A citation describes the work where you found and used information to support your writing’s arguments or ideas. When citing a specific part of a
work, identify the point in-text where the information was retrieved from. All in-text citation information must correspond to a specific reference entry
found in the reference list at the end of a paper. There can be only one reference entry to correlate with an in-text citation.
• When using quotations, always indicate the location in-text where the quotation is found (e.g., Austen, 1813, p. 35)
• If a page number is not available for a direct quote, provide the paragraph, section, or chapter.
• Page number and paragraph will be abbreviated (e.g., p. 218, pp. 218-220, or para. 6), whereas chapter is not (e.g., Chapter 10).
• When citing a work by two authors, list both authors’ last names in the order they were presented (e.g. Egoff & Saltman)
• When creating in-text citations for works by three or more authors, only list the first author’s last name followed by et al. (e.g., Connor et al.,
2011)
Quotations and paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing is taking an author’s idea(s) and incorporating it into your own words.
• When citing a paraphrased idea, a page number is not required. (e.g., Health Canada (2018) recently published studies that have found…).
• A Direct Quotation is using the author’s exact words in your writing.
• To identify the author and location of quote, provide the last name(s) of the author(s), the publication date, as well as page, paragraph,
chapter, etc. in-text (e.g., Recent studies confirm that “…” (Health Canada, 2018, para. 2)).
When paraphrasing or directly quoting information in-text, there are two general manners in which an in-text citation can be presented: Narrative or
Parenthetical. This guide will provide examples of a narrative and a parenthetical citation for each source type on pages 9 to 17 of this guide.
Narrative citations
• Presenting information about the source of the idea or quote in sentence is the process of writing a narrative or in the sentence citation
o Paraphrase general format: Author last name(s) (publication year) …
o Direct quote general format: Author last name(s) (publication year) “…” (p. #)
Parenthetical citations
• Presenting information about the source following the idea or quote is the process of presenting a parenthetical citation
o Paraphrase general format: …(Author last name, publication year)
o Direct quote general format: “….…” (Author last name, publication year, p. #)
Block Quotations
• A block quotation is required if a direct quotation is more than 40 words
• To format a block quotation begin the quotation on a new line and indent the text
• Do not use quotation marks
• Double space the entire quotation
• Only place a period at the end of the quotation. Do not place a period after the parenthetical citation.
For more information, consult pages 46 and 272 to 273 in the APA Manual.
Secondary (Indirect) Source

• A secondary source, also referred to as an indirect source, is where information was originally presented in a different source (e.g.,
information cited in a textbook).
• Citing a secondary source is not recommended and should be done sparingly such as in the occasion that the original source is out of print
or unavailable. When possible, the original source should be found, read, and directly cited.
• To cite a secondary source, only the source in which you found the information is included in the reference list.
• If known, include the year of the cited original work in your in-text citation
o E.g., Nguyen and Smith’s (1999) study showed … (as cited in Jones et al., 2003)
o E.g., (Nguyen and Smith, 1999, as cited in Jones et al., 2003)
For more information, consult pages 258 and 277 in the APA Manual.
Elements of an APA citation
Reference
There are four elements of a reference: Author, Date, Title, and Source. Consider how each element can answer the following
questions in properly creating a reference:
Date: When
Author: Who is responsible was this work Title: What is
for creating this work? published? this work called?
Post, P. B., Phipps, C. B., Camp, A. C., & Grybush, A. L. (2019). Effectiveness of child-centered play therapy among
marginalized children. International Journal of Play Therapy, 28(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000096
Source: Where can I

retrieve (or find) this work?
In-text
There are three basic elements in an in-text citation; Author, Date, and Location. There are two general manners in which citations are
included in-text, parenthetical or narrative.
• Parenthetical involves placing all required elements in parentheses immediately after a direct quote or paraphrase.
• Narrative is the incorporation of the author in your writing. If relevant include the date in your narrative, when irrelevant place the
publication year in parentheses following the introduction of the author.
• The location element (e.g., page number, paragraph, or section) is required when including a direct quote.
In-text citation: Parenthetical In-text citation: Narrative
Direct Quote Direct Quote

…(Post et al., 2019, p. 88) Post et al. (2019)…(p. 88).
Paraphrase Paraphrase
…(Post et al., 2019) Post et al. (2019)…
For more information, please refer to pages 1 to 4 of this guide and consult pages 253 to 278 in the APA Manual.
Formatting your Document
General Format Order of Document
The general formatting requirements of an APA document must include: A document in APA style is ordered in the following manner:
• A page header Title Page
• Insert a page number, flush right, on every page (including the title page) Introduction
• Double-spacing of entire paper Body Paragraphs
• Margins set to 1” (2.54cm) Conclusion
• Left justify text References
• Indent the first line of a paragraph 0.5 in. (1.27 cm, 5 spaces, or one tab) Tables (optional, tables may be embedded within the text)
• Consistent font and size throughout the paper. Select from the following Figures (optional, figures may be embedded within the text)
font options: Appendices
o Sans serif font: Calibri, size 11; Arial, size 11; or Lucida Sans
Unicode, size 10
o Serif font: Times New Roman, size 12 or Georgia, size 11
Bias Free Language

In your writing, it is important to use language free of bias. Biased writing is where the language implies prejudice and perpetuates irrelevant
assumptions.
To reduce bias in your writing, consider the following:

• Use affirming and inclusive language (e.g., use the terms “individuals”, “people”, or “persons” rather than “man” to refer to all human
beings).
• Avoid using adjectives as nouns to label people or groups (e.g., “the poor”; instead use “people living in poverty”) or to equate people with
their condition (e.g., “drug user”; instead use “people who use drugs”).
• Focus on relevant characteristics and acknowledge relevant existing differences.
• Consider bias-free language as it relates to age, disability, gender, racial and ethnic identity, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality.
• Be specific when appropriate and relevant to the context of your writing.
Heading Levels
• Headings appear within the body of the document to create structure. The formatting and heading levels will depend on the information
presented and the type of document.
• Bold and title case all heading levels. Title case is the capitalization of all major words (and words longer than 4 letters).
• Level 1 headings are used for main sections of your paper. The following level headings are used to structure the sub sections. Level 2 is a
subheading of level 1 and so forth.
Level Format of Heading Levels

Level 1 The Heading is Centered, in Title Case, and Bold.
Write the text in a new paragraph. Make sure to indent your paragraph.
Level 2 The Heading is Flush Left, in Title Case, and Bold
Level 3 The Heading is Flush Left, in Title Case, and Bold Italic,
Level 4 The Heading is Indented, in Title Case, Bold, and Ends With a Period. Write the text on the same
line and continue as a regular paragraph
Level 5 The Heading is Indented, in Title Case, Bold Italic, and Ends With a Period. Write the text on the
same line and continue as a regular paragraph
Figures and Tables

• Figures are all types of graphical displays excluding tables (e.g., photographs, graphs, drawings, charts, etc.).
• Number all tables and figures in the order in which they are presented in-text.
• Place the number flush left above the table or figure in bold font (e.g., Table 1).
• Place the title of table or figure one double-spaced line below the table or figure number. The title will be in italic title case.
• Provide a title which describes the contents of the table or figure (see Section 7.11 in the APA Manual).
• Use Arabic numerals for labelling (e.g., Table 5 or Figure 5).
• All figures and tables must be referred to in-text.
• Tables and figures cited in-text must have a complete entry in the Reference List.
• If required, place a note in italics below the table or figure (e.g., Note.) to provide a description of the contents that cannot be interpreted
from the title. This also includes specific information, definitions of abbreviations, and copyright attribution.
For more information, consult pages 45 and 195 to 250 in the APA Manual.
Lists (Seriation)
• Series may be presented in lettered, numbered, or bulleted lists.
• Numbered lists:
o Use when displaying complete sentences or paragraphs (e.g., steps in a process).
o Separate sentences in a series by an Arabic numeral followed by a period.
o Capitalize the first word of each sentence.
o End each sentence with a period or appropriate punctuation.
• Lettered lists:
o Write list as a part of the narrative within a sentence or paragraph.
o Present elements in a series with lowercase letter(s) in parentheses.
o Use commas to separate three or more elements within a sentence.
o If a sentence already has internal commas, instead separate using semicolons.
• Bulleted lists:
o Use bullet points for any series that should not be placed in any type of ordinal position (e.g., level of importance).
o Bullet points can be used when presenting a list within a sentence with three or more elements in a series.
 Capitalize and punctuate the list as if it were a complete sentence (place a period at the end of the final item in the series).
o If a series consists of items that are complete sentences, capitalize and punctuate each sentence as appropriate.
o If a series consists of items that are phrases or sentence fragments, begin each item with a lowercase letter (do not capitalize).
 Consider punctuation (commas, semicolon, and/or periods) for longer sentence fragments, as if the bullet list was not present.
 Punctuation is not necessary for series consisting of short phrases.
Need more information about APA Style?

Academic Writer: Free access to the official APA online resource and citation tool through the Keyano College Library.
Resources include sample APA papers, style quick guides, and tools and templates for formatting papers and references
https://academicwriter.apa.org/
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Useful online resource help understand citations and formatting your paper in APA style.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
APA Style & APA Blog: APA Style includes guidelines on grammar, format, and mechanics on style online. Check out the
APA Blog when needing further clarification to cite unusual sources. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/
The Keyano College Library: Stop by for APA help from the Information Librarian or check out one of the APA-related
resources in print or online. www.keyano.ca/library
Source: Print Books, eBooks, Book Chapter, Edited Book, and Related Items
Reference Basic Format:
Print Book
Author, A. A. (Publication year). Title of print book: Subtitle of book (nth ed.). Publisher.
Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication year). Title of article/chapter. In C.C. Editor, & D.D. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (nth ed., pp. #-#).
Publisher.
eBook – Retrieved from Website or Library Database, with DOI

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Publication year). Title of eBook: Subtitle of eBook (nth ed.). Publisher.
https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxxxxxx
eBook – Retrieved from Website, no DOI

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Publication year). Title of eBook: Subtitle of eBook (nth ed.). Publisher. URL
APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

Manual Parenthetical Narrative
p. 321 Book: 1 author Rubin, J. H. (2008). Impressionism and the modern (Rubin, 2008, p. 59) Rubin (2008)…(p. 59)
landscape: Productivity, technology, and urbanization
from Manet to Van Gogh. University of California Press.
p. 321 Book: 2 authors Egoff, S., & Saltman, J. (1990). The new republic of (Egoff & Egoff and Saltman
childhood: A critical guide to Canadian children’s Saltman, 1990, p. (1990) … (p. 123)
literature in English. Oxford University Press. 123)
pp. 266 & Book: 3 or more Connor, D. J., Loomis, R. S., & Cassman, K. (2011). Crop (Connor et al., 2011, Connor et al.
321 authors ecology. Cambridge University Press. p. 58) (2011)…(p. 58)
pp. 266, Book: American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication First Citation First Citation
268, 288, Organization or manual of the American Psychological Association (7th (American American
& 321 group as author ed.). https://doi.org/10.10370000165-000 Psychological Psychological
(print publication Association [APA], Association (APA,
with a DOI) 2020, p. 174) 2020)…(p. 174)
Subsequent Citations Subsequent Citations

(APA, 2020, p. 177) APA (2020)…(p. 177)
pp. 264 - Book: No author Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). (Merriam-Webster’s, Merriam-Webster’s
265, & 306 or editor Merriam-Webster. 1993, p. 234) (1993)…(p. 234)
pp. 321- Book or eBook: Ross, R. T. (Ed.). (2006). How to examine the nervous system (Ross, 2006, p. 200) Ross (2006)…(p. 200)
322 With a DOI (4th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-081-2
pp. 321- eBook: From a Steingold, F. S. (Ed.). (2017). Legal guide for starting & running (Steingold, 2016, p. Steingold (2016)…(p.
322 library database a small business (15th ed.). NOLO. 71) 71)
(treat eBook as
print version)
pp. 321- eBook: Lees, L., Bang Shin, H., & Lopez-Morales, E. (2016). Planetary (Lees et al., 2016) Lees et al. (2016)
322 Retrieved online gentrification. Polity Press. https://
(no DOI and not books.google.ca/books
from a database)
p. 323 Republished Montgomery, L. M. (2014). Anne of Green Gables. Tundra (Montgomery, Montgomery
book or eBook Books. (Original work published 1908). 1908/2014, p. 55) (1908/2014)…(p. 55)
pp. 287, Editor(s) as Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (2001). Children of color: (Gibbs & Huang, Gibbs and Huang
295, 322 author(s) Psychological interventions with culturally diverse 2001, p. 620) (2001)…(p. 620)
youth. Jossey-Bass.
pp. 326, Poem or short Cuthand, Beth. (2001). For all the settlers who secretly sing. In (Cuthand, 2001, p. Cuthand (2001)…(p.
328 story J. C. Armstrong & L. Grauer (Eds.), Native poetry in 133) 133)
(in an edited Canada: A contemporary anthology (pp. 133-134).
collection; no Broadview Press.
DOI)
pp. 287, Chapter, article Monahan, M. C., & Keener, J. K. (2012). Fitness-for-duty (Monahan & Keener, Monahan and Keener
295, 326 or essay evaluations. In C. H. Kennedy & E. A. Zillmer (Eds.), 2012, p. 152) (2012)…(p. 152)
(in an edited Military psychology: Clinical and operational applications
collection) (pp. 43-57). Guilford Press.
pp. 295, Reference work: Merriam-Webster. (2014). Humanism. In Merriam-Webster’s (Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster
324, 328 Print entry dictionary and thesaurus (Updated ed., p. 407). Author. 2014, p. 407) (2014)…(p. 407)
(publisher same
as author)
pp. 295, Reference work: Murray, A. V. (Ed.). (2006). Boudonitza. In The crusades: An (Murray, 2006, p. 182) Murray (2006)…(p.
324 Print entry encyclopedia (Vol. 1, pp. 182-185). ABC-CLIO. 182)
(with author)
pp. 324- Reference work: Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Gender identity. In Merriam- (Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster (n.d.)
325, 328 Online entry Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved December 11, 2019, n.d.)
(from website; from https://www.merriam-webster.com
with group author) /dictionary/gender%20identity
pp. 295, Reference work: Chafe, W. (2009). Linguistics and the study of (Chafe, 2009, p. 411) Chafe (2009)…(p. 411)
324, 328 Online entry from consciousness. In P. Wilken, A. Cleeremans, & T.
a library database Bayne (Eds.), The Oxford companion to consciousness
(format like print) (pp. 409-411). Oxford University Press.
p. 329 Wikipedia entry School strike for the climate. (2019, December 11). In (“School Strike for the “School Strike for the
Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Climate,” 2019, para. Climate”
School_strike_for_the_climate&oldid=930340387 4) (2019)…(para. 4)
pp. 361- Canadian statute Canada Elections Act, S.C. 2000, c. 9. (2000). (Canada Elections Canada Elections Act
368 https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-2.01/index.html Act, 2000) (2000)
Source: Journal Articles, Magazine Articles, and News Articles

Journal Article - With DOI
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page numbers.
https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxxxxxx
Journal Article - In Print or No DOI

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page numbers.
Magazine Article – Group Author

Name of Group. (Year, Month Day). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Magazine, volume(issue),
For more information see pp. 291-294, 316-320 in APA Manual.

pp. 316- Journal article: Hand, W. D. (1964). Folklore, mythology, folk music, and (Hand, 1964, p. 35) Hand (1964)…(p. 35)
317 DOI ethnomusicology. Western Folklore, 23(1), 35-37.
(with one author) https://doi.org/10.2307/1520540
pp. 316- Journal article: Yoshifumi, N., & Payne, P. G. (2019). Postcritical knowledge (Yoshifumi & Payne, Yoshifumi and Payne
317 DOI ecology in the Anthropocene. Educational Philosophy 2019, p. 570) (2019)…(p. 570)
(with two authors) & Theory, 51(6), 559-571.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2018.1485565
pp. 316- Journal article: Post, P. B., Phipps, C. B., Camp, A. C., & Grybush, A. L. (Post et al., 2019, p. Post et al. (2019)…(p.
317 DOI (2019). Effectiveness of child-centered play therapy 90) 90)
(with 3 - 20 among marginalized children. International Journal of
authors) Play Therapy, 28(2), 88–97.
https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000096
pp. 316 & Journal article: Holzer, J. (2019). Nationalism and human rights: A replication (Holzer, 2019, p. 2) Holzer (2019)…(p. 2)
318 DOI and extension. PLOS One, 14(8), Article e02194909.
(online only/open https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219409
access
publication)
p. 317 Journal article: Zivkovic, S. (2019). The need for a complexity informed active (Zivkovic, 2019, p. 54) Zivkovic (2019)…(p.
No DOI (with a citizenship education program. Australian Journal of 54)
nondatabase Adult Learning, 59(1), 53-75. https://www.ajal.net.au/
URL)
pp. 316- Journal article: Rodrigues, A., Dentinho, T., Silva, C. & Azevedo, E. (2011). (Rodrigues et al., Rodrigues et al.
317 No DOI (in print or Cost benefit analysis to select clean energy solutions 2011, pp. 309-310) (2011)…(pp. 309-310)
retrieved from a in dairy farm milk collection posts in Azores. Journal of
database) Energy and Power Engineering, 5(2), 308-316.
pp. 316 & Magazine article: Giddings, S. B. (2019, December). Escape from a black hole. (Giddings, 2019, p. Giddings (2019)…(p.
320 Print or from a Scientific American, 321(6), 50-57. 50) 50)
Library database
pp. 316 & Magazine article: Gosh, C. (2013, January 14). A royal headache: New British (Gosh, 2013, para. 2) Gosh (2013)…(para. 2)
320 Retrieved online laws will allow a female heir to take the throne.
(with a URL) There's just one problem: The colonies. Maclean’s,
126(1). http://www2.macleans.ca/
pp. 316 & Magazine article: Gunning, D., Stefik, M., Choi, J., Miller, T., Stumpf, S., & (Gunning et al., 2019, Gunning et al.
320 Retrieved online Yang, G.-J. (2019, December 18). XAI-Explainable p. 1) (2019)…(p.1)
(with a DOI) artificial intelligence. Science Robotics, 4(37),
0eaay7120.
https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay7120
p. 320 Online French, J. (2016, May 13). Fort McMurray wildfire: A small fire (French, 2016, para. French (2016)…(para.
newspaper turns into the Beast. Edmonton Journal. 4) 4)
article (including http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/local-
databases) news/fort-mcmurray-wildfire-a-small-fire-turns-into-the-
beast.
p. 320 Newspaper Cooper, M., & Baker, A. (2016, October 31). Fan’s last wish (Cooper & Baker, Cooper and Baker
article: Print led to scare at Met Opera. The New York Times, C1. 2016, p. C1) (2016)…(p. C1)
pp. 290 & News article or Francis, J. (2020, June 7). 'We need to be here for each (Francis, 2020, para. Francis (2020)…(para.
351 webpage on a other,' say Indigenous supporters of Black Lives 2) 2)
news website Matter. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada
/saskatchewan/large-crowd-turnout-for-third-blm-rally-
in-regina-1.5602575
Source: Websites and Webpages, Including Reports and News Articles

Website – Individual Author
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL
Online Document from Website – Group Author

Name of Group Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of document or webpage of document. URL
For more information see pp. 290, 298, 350-352 in APA Manual.

pp. 350- Webpage Katz, S. (2019, July 16). Organizing the research process (Katz, 2019, para. 5) Katz (2019)…(para. 5)
351 (individual using Trello. The Librarian Parlor.
author(s)) https://libparlor.com/2019/07/16/organizing-the-
research-process-using-trello/
pp. 288, Webpage Alberta Health Services. (2018). Indigenous health. First Citation: First Citation:
350, & 351 (corporate/ group https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/info (Alberta Health Alberta Health
author) /Page11949.aspx Services [AHS], 2018) Services (AHS,
2018)…
Subsequent Citations:
(AHS, 2018) Subsequent Citations:
AHS (2018)…
pp. 264, Webpage Stress: A social issue. (n.d.). Brunet. (Stress: A social Stress: A social issue
289, 350, (unknown author, https://www.brunet.ca/en/health/health-tips/le-stress-- issue, n.d., para. 2) (n.d.)…(para. 2)
& 351 no date) un-enjeu-de-societe/
pp. 329- Online Alberta College of Social Workers. (2019, March). Standards First Citation: First Citation:
330 Document: of practice. https://acsw.in1touch.org/document/2487 (Alberta College of Alberta College of
Government /FINAL%20ACSW%20Standards%20of%20Practice% Social Workers Social Workers
Agency or 2003282019.pdf [ACSW], 2019) (ACSW, 2019)…
Organization
(gray literature or Subsequent Citations: Subsequent Citations:
report retrieved (ACSW, 2019) ACSW (2019)…
online)
pp. 329- Online Bush, E., & Lemmen, D. S. (Eds.). (2019). Canada’s (Bush & Lemmen, Bush and Lemmen
330 Document: Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada. 2019) (2019)…
Individual https://changingclimate.ca/CCCR2019/
Author/Editor for
Government
Organization
p. 320 Blog post Rendina, D. (2018, July 9). How to build creativity (and more) (Rendina, 2018) Rendina (2018)
through making. Renovated Learning.
http://renovatedlearning.com/2018/07/09/build-
creativity-making/
Source: Audiovisual and Social Media

Image or Photograph:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title or caption of image [Photograph]. Name of Source. URL
Video or Film:
Author, A. A. (Role). (Year). Title of Video [Film]. Production Company.
Twitter and Instagram:

Author, A. A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Format of post]. Name of Social Media. URL
Facebook and Other Social Media:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Format of post]. Name of Social Media. URL
For more information see pp. 167, 274, 287, 292-293, 295, 298, 341-350 in APA Manual.
pp. 341, Social media Gladwell, M. [Gladwell]. (2015, August 20). Creating a sense (Gladwell, 2015) Gladwell (2015)…
348, & 349 post: Twitter of entitlement costs way more than you’d think.
[Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Gladwell
/status/63437151065776128
pp. 348 & Social media Thunberg, G. [@gretathunberg]. (2019, September 23). Right (Thunberg, 2019) Thunberg (2019)…
350 post: Instagram here, right now is where we draw the line. The world is
waking up. And change is coming, whether [Video].
Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B2w-
0NsCkXp/
pp. 349- Social media United Nations. (2019, December 16). People living in low- First Citation: First Citation:
350 post: Facebook and middle-income countries are increasingly (United Nations [UN], United Nations (UN,
suffering from both under-nutrition and obesity. 2019) 2019)…
Healthy diets reduce [Image attached]. Facebook.
https://bit.ly/2PSwGvi Subsequent Citations: Subsequent Citations:
(UN, 2019) UN (2019)…
pp. 342- Video: DVD Sun-Higginson, S. (Producer and Director). (2015). GTFO (Sun-Higginson, Sun-Higginson
343 format [Film]. Kino Lorber. 2015) (2015)…
pp. 342- Video: Online CrashCourse. (2015, June 22). Endocrine system, part 1 – (CrashCourse, 2015) CrashCourse
344 Streaming or glands & hormones: Crash Course A&P #23 [Video]. (2015)…
YouTube YouTube. https://youtu.be/eWHH9je2zG4
pp. 343- Video: Ted Talk Shellenberger, M. (2016, June). How fear of nuclear power is (Shellenberger, 2016) Shellenberger (2016)
344 hurting the environment [Video]. TEDSummit.
https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_shellenberger_how
_fear_of_nuclear_power_is_hurting_the_environment
?language=en
pp. 341 & Podcast Abumrad, J., & Krulwich, R. (Hosts). (2002-present). Radiolab (Abumrad & Krulwich, Abumrad and
345 [Audio podcast]. WNYC Studios. 2002-present) Krulwich (2002-
https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab present)…
pp. 341 & Podcast Episode Dubner, S. (Host). (2013, April 8). How much does your name (Dubner, 2013) Dubner (2013)…
345 matter? (No. 122) [Audio podcast episode]. In
Freakonomics Radio. http://www.freakonomics.com
/podcast/how-much-does-your-name-matter-a-new-
freakonomics-radio-podcast/
Source: Traditional Knowledge and Personal Communications
In-Text Citation Basic Format:
Traditional Knowledge
(First and last name, nation and location, personal communication, Month Day, Year).
Personal Communication
(First initial and last name, personal communication, Month Day, Year).
For more information see pp. 259-261 in APA Manual.

pp. 260- Traditional Traditional Knowledge should be cited depending on whether (Anna Grant, Haida Anna Grant…( Haida
261 Knowledge or and how the information has been recorded. If recorded and Nation, lives in Nation, lives in
Oral Histories of recoverable by readers (e.g., video, audio, book, article) cite Vancouver, British Vancouver, British
Indigenous in-text and provide a reference list entry appropriate to the Columbia, Canada, Columbia, Canada,
Peoples source type. personal personal
communication, April communication, April
If the information is private (not retrievable), only an in-text 2019) 2019)
citation is required. If available, provide month and day in
addition to the year of the communication. Provide Capitalize
most terms related to Indigenous Peoples. This includes
names of specific groups and word related to Indigenous
culture (e.g., Cree, Dené, Elder, the Creator, Traditional
Knowledge).
pp. 259- Personal Personal communications include interviews, emails, letters, (S. Schmidt, personal S. Schmidt (personal
260 communications phone conversations, etc. Personal Communications should communication, July communication, July
be cited only in-text as they cannot be retrieved by readers. A 20, 2018) 20, 2018)
reference entry is not required. If available, provide month and
day in addition to the year of the communication.
Source: Course Materials
Author, A. A. (Publication date). Title of website. [Description of Resource]. Site Posted. URL
For more information see pp. 347 in APA Manual.

p. 347 Power point Raymond, L. (2011). Sample lesson for education students (Raymond, 2011) Raymond (2011)…
presentation or [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle@Keyano.
slides https://ilearn.keyano.ca/ login/index.php?_mid_=1575
p. 347 Lecture notes Schmidt, S. (2019). Starting your research [Lecture notes]. (Schmidt, 2019) Raymond (2019)…
Library at Keyano College. https://bit.ly/2UOecA3
p. 347 Moodle Raymond, L. (2011). Setting up your Moodle profile [PDF (Raymond, 2011) Raymond (2011)…
document]. Retrieved from http://ilearn.keyano
.ca/file.php/4082/Setting_Up_Your_
Moodle_Profile.pdf
HOW TO CREATE A REFERENCE LIST IN APA STYLE
#
References
Canadian Nurses Association. (2014). Aboriginal health nursing and Aboriginal health: Charting policy direction for nursing in Canada.
Retrieved from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/aboriginal-health-nursing-and-aboriginal-
health_charting-policy-direction-for-nursing-in-canada.pdf?la=en&hash =59F4641D59EBDE29D9CC573CAF19FA8706647625
Dubner, S. (Producer). (2013, April 8). How much does your name matter? Freakonomics Radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.freakonomics.com /podcast/how-much-does-your-name-matter-a-new-freakonomics-radio-podcast/
Egoff, S. & Saltman, J. (1990). The new republic of childhood: A critical guide to Canadian children’s literature in English. Toronto,
Canada: Oxford University Press.
Engle, M. (2012, September 19). Evaluating web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved from http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu
/ref/research/webeval.html
Hudson, C. G. (2012). Disparities in the geography of mental health: Implications for social work. Social Work, 57(2), 107-119.
doi:10.1093/sw/sws001
Jormfeldt, H., Doyle, L., Ellilä, H., Lahti, M., Higgins, A., Keogh, B., Meade, O., …Kilkku, N. (2018). Master’s level mental health
nursing competencies, a prerequisite for equal health among service users in mental health care [Supplemental material].
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 13, 1-9. doi:10.1080/17482631.2018.1502013
Monahan, M. C., & Keener, J. K. (2012). Fitness-for-duty evaluations. In C. H. Kennedy & E. A. Zillmer (Eds.), Military psychology:
Clinical and operational applications (pp. 43-57). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Posadas, B. M. (2013). Transnationalism and higher education: Four Filipino Chicago case studies. Journal of American Ethnic
History, 32(2), 7-37. Retrieved from http://www.press.uillinois.edu /journals/jaeh.html

Sample Student Title Page in APA Style
Title of Student Sample Paper
Student Name
Nursing Department, Keyano College
COURSE ###: Course Name
Instructor Name
Month Day, Year

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APA Style (7th ed.

Formatting Requirements of Citations

Formatting DOIs and URLs

Type of Reference Format In-text Citation Format

Subsequent Citations: Subsequent Citations:

Formatting Titles of Works

Title used in a reference entry

Titles used in the body of your work

Quotations and paraphrasing

Secondary (Indirect) Source

marginalized children. International Journal of Play Therapy, 28(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000096

Source: Where can I

In-text citation: Parenthetical In-text citation: Narrative

Direct Quote Direct Quote

General Format Order of Document

For more information, consult pages 30 to 49 in the APA Manual.

Bias Free Language

To reduce bias in your writing, consider the following:

Level Format of Heading Levels

For more information, consult pages 47 to 49 in the APA Manual.

Figures and Tables

Need more information about APA Style?

Chapter in an Edited Book

eBook – Retrieved from Website or Library Database, with DOI

eBook – Retrieved from Website, no DOI

APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

Subsequent Citations Subsequent Citations

Source: Journal Articles, Magazine Articles, and News Articles

Journal Article - In Print or No DOI

Magazine Article – Group Author

For more information see pp. 291-294, 316-320 in APA Manual.

APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

Source: Websites and Webpages, Including Reports and News Articles

Online Document from Website – Group Author

APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

Source: Audiovisual and Social Media

Twitter and Instagram:

Facebook and Other Social Media:

For more information see pp. 259-261 in APA Manual.

APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

For more information see pp. 347 in APA Manual.

APA Source References In-Text Citation In-Text Citation

Retrieved from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/aboriginal-health-nursing-and-aboriginal-

Canada: Oxford University Press.

History, 32(2), 7-37. Retrieved from http://www.press.uillinois.edu /journals/jaeh.html

Title of Student Sample Paper

Nursing Department, Keyano College

COURSE ###: Course Name

Month Day, Year

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