STA.

IGNACIA HIGH SCHOOL

PRIVATE
Santa Ignacia, Tarlac 2303

LEARNING MODULE
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
(G11 | FIRST SEMESTER - WEEK 1)

NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF

COMMUNICATION

___________________________________
Student’s Name

___________________________________
Grade and Section

EDRIAN R. DOMINGO
Subject Teacher
NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE STARTED: ___________________
GRADE AND SECTION: ______________________________ DATE COMPLETED: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (FIRST SEMESTER- WEEK 1)

NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION (FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION)

This module lays out the foundational knowledge for studying oral communication. It features essential information including
the definition and nature of communication and the rudiments of communicating across cultures.
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learner understands the nature and elements of oral communication in context.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner designs and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral communication activities based on context.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The Learner…
 Explains the functions, nature and process of communication
 Differentiates the various models of communication
 Uses various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown

LESSON COVERAGE:

Title Topic

LESSON 1. Fundamentals of Communication

a. Definition of Communication
b. The Process of Communication
Week
c. Communication Models
1
d. Five Elements of Communication
e. Functions of Communication
Nature and Elements of f. Features of an Effective Communication
Communication

Week LESSON 2. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

2 a. Effective Communication Skills

Week
LESSON 3. Intercultural Communication
3

EXPECTED SKILLS

To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:

1. Read the instructions carefully before starting anything
2. Complete all the activities and worksheet given
3. Use dictionary and the like to find the meaning of the words that you do not understand.
4. Use notebook to summarize what you have just read, to compute your answers and record scores, and to revise final scores.
5. Review the criteria in the rubrics and evaluate your work using the provided checklist.
6. Make a timetable for your study. Do not force yourself to answer everything if you are already tired. Give yourself time to relax.

ACTIVITIES

MONDAY TUEDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

 Upload video file

(Activity 1) o your
 Reading Activity  Reading Activity Section’s private
 ACTIVITY 1  ACTIVITY 3  ACTIVITY 5 QUIZ DAY group page
 ACTIVITY 2  ACTIVTY 4  ACTIVITY 6  DEADLINE AND
SUBMISSION OF
MODULE
LESSON 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
 Provide a clear understanding about the definition of communication.
 Explain the process of communication.
 Describe the different communication models.
 Identify verbal and nonverbal messages.

ACTIVITY 1. WARM-UP

1. Create a one-minute presentation that reflects your understanding of what “communication” is about.
2. Choose an object inside your house to which you can compare communication. Be creative with your answer.
3. Record your presentation using your personal video camera.

ACTIVITY 2. SELF EVALUATION

Tick the column that determines how often you practice what the statements say. Do this as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that
there are no wrong answers.

Usually Sometimes Seldom Never

1. I communicate to convey my messages and express my

ideas.
2. I describe communication as a process.
3. I understand that communication can be expressed in
words and/or in actions.
4. I can distinguish the features of the communication
process.
5. I can differentiate the models of communication.
6. I effectively convey a message both in words and actions.
7. I can identify the elements of communication.
8. I can explain the cause of communication breakdown.
9. I use strategies to avoid communication breakdown.
10. I know the functions of communication.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL /30

Scoring Score Level of Proficiency

Usually – 3 points 28 – 30 Advanced
Sometimes – 2 points 25 – 27 Proficient
Seldom – 1 point 23 – 24 Approaching Proficiency
Never – 0 21 – 22 Developing
20 and below Beginning

LET’S LEARN
Think of one fact that you know about communication. Write it below

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

COMMUNICATION is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and
across channels, contexts, media, and cultures (mccornack, 2014). There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which
communication can be manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a meeting or
interview, a letter
correspondence, a class recitation, and many others.
 The word communication originated from two Latin words, communis and communicare. Communis means to “make common”
and communicare means “to make common many share.”
Communication is a process of sharing experiences among people that is clear and understandable (Hamilton 2005; Tubbs
2013).

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
• Communication is a process.
• Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver)
• Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, action (nonverbal), or both spoken words and verbal
actions at the same time.
• Communication is an ever-changing and continuing process.
• Communication occurs within a set of system.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Speaker- the source of information or message.
2. Message- the information ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in the words or in actions.
3. Encoding- The process of converting the message in to words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understand.
4. Channel- The medium or means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or non-verbal, in which the encoded message is
conveyed.
5. Decoding- The process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver.
6. Receiver - The recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
7. Feedback- The reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.
8. Context- The environment where the communication takes place.
9. Barrier - The factors that affects the flow of communication.

EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Process of Communication Example

The speaker generates an idea. Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts She thinks of how to tell him using them
the idea into words or actions. native language.

The speaker transmits or sends out a She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang
message. kaibigan.”

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver decodes or interprets the He tries to analyze what she means based
message based on the context. on the content and their relationship,
and he is heartbroken.

The receiver sends or provides feedback.

He frowns and does not say something,
because he is in pain.
ACTIVITY 3. Study each picture and identify the specific sender and receiver, the message conveyed, the channel used, and the
possible noise that affects the process.

Sender : _________________________________________
Receiver : _________________________________________
Message : _________________________________________
Channel : _________________________________________
Noise : _________________________________________

Sender : _________________________________________
Receiver : _________________________________________
Message : _________________________________________
Channel : _________________________________________
Noise : _________________________________________

ACTIVITY 4. Make your own diagram showing the process of communication.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Shannon-Weaver Model
 Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or
one-way process consisting of five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter (encoder of message into
signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a destination.
 This model, however, has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication process: feedback. Without
feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver understands the message or not.

Fig 1. Shannon-Weaver Model

2. Transaction Model
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the Transaction Model is a two-way process with the
inclusion of feedback as one element.

Fig 2. Transaction Model

As shown in Figure 2, this model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of messages between communicators with the
aim of understanding each other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication

3. Schramm Model of Communication

Views communication as a process that takes place between a sender(transmitter) and a receiver: there will be also a message,
and a medium through which the message can be transmitted. (Schramm 1948)

Fig 3. Schramm Model of Communication

LET’S ANALAYZE

ACTIVITY 5. Study the diagram below. It represents the Schramm Model. Schramm (1954) modified the Shannon-Weaver Model.

1. What has Schramm added to the Shannon-Weaver Model?

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the new model more comprehensive? Why do you think so?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How is it different from or similar to the Transaction Model?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression,
and information dissemination.

1. Regulation/Control – Communication functions to control behavior.

2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to interact with others.
3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotions.
5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to convey information.

ACTIVITY 6. Give an example of a written or oral communication seen in the following. Identify its function. One is done for you

1. School Canteen
Written: LINE STARTS HERE
Function: REGULATION/ CONTROL

2. Public Transport (jeepneys, buses, trains, taxicabs)

Written/Oral: _____________________________________________________________________
Function: ________________________________________________________________________

3. Fast-food Restaurants
Written/Oral: _____________________________________________________________________
Function: ________________________________________________________________________

4. Office
Written/Oral: _____________________________________________________________________
Function: ________________________________________________________________________

5. Place of Worship
Written/Oral: _____________________________________________________________________
Function: ________________________________________________________________________

6. Police Station
Written/Oral: _____________________________________________________________________
Function: ________________________________________________________________________

FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

In their pioneer book Effective Public Relations, Professors Broom, Cutlip, and Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective
Communication. This list is widely used today, especially in public relations and advertising.

1. Completeness - Complete communication is essential to the quality of the communication process in general. Hence,
communication should include everything that the receiver needs to hear for him/her to respond, react, or evaluate properly.
2. Conciseness - Conciseness does not mean keeping the message short, but making it direct or straight to the point.
Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the communication that will be sent to the recipient.
3. Consideration - To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant information about his/her receiver such as
mood, background, race, preference, education, status, and needs, among others. By doing so, he/she can easily build
rapport with the audience.
 4. Concreteness - Effective communication happens when the message is concrete and supported by facts, figures, and real-life
examples and situations. In this case, the receiver is more connected to the message conveyed.
5. Courtesy - The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her receivers.
Being courteous at all times creates a positive impact on the audience.
6. Clearness - Clearness in communication implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas. It is also achieved
when the speaker focuses only on a single objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse the audience.
7. Correctness - Correctness in grammar eliminates negative impact on the audience and increases the credibility and
effectiveness of the message.

Barriers to Communication
There are instances when miscommunication and misunderstanding occur because of certain barriers. To become an effective
communicator, you should recognize these barriers that hinder the communication process. This will enable you to control the situation,
reset conditions, and start anew. The table below presents some barriers to effective communication with corresponding solutions.

BARRIER EXAMPLES SOLUTION

You are having a bad day or you
feel frustrated.
Emotional
Barriers You sit in a meeting or class
where you think the speaker is
boring.
You are a scientist discussing a
certain weather phenomenon with
Use of jargon
your neighbor who does not know
much about the topic.
You are asked to share
Lack of something about your day or
Confidence weekend, but you are hesitant
because you are shy.
You are having a conversation
Noisy
with some friends when a song
Environment
was played loudly.
Recognize these kinds of emotions, and politely ask the
other person to give you a moment so you can relax or
calm yourself.
Recognize this kind of attitude, reset, and reflect on how
you can be interested in what the speaker is pointing out.
Jargon refers to the set of specialized vocabulary in a
certain field. To avoid communication breakdown due to
lack of clarity, adjust your language; use layman’s terms or
simple words.
Develop self-confidence by joining organizations where you
can share and develop your interests. Look for
opportunities in your school or community that will help you
find your strengths and improve your abilities.
Recognize that noise is a common barrier. Make some
adjustments by asking someone to minimize the volume
or by looking for a quiet area where you can resume the
conversation.

Note that these are only some of the barriers; many others may arise out of context, language, physical restrictions, and the like.
NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE: _______________
GRADE AND SECTION: ______________________________ SCORE: ______________

QUIZ NUMBER 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

A. Identification
________________ 1. Oral communication is the interchange of _____________ between the sender and
receiver.
________________ 2. It is a process of sharing and conveying messages from one person to another.
________________ 3. The medium or the means in which the encoded message is conveyed is what
element of communication?
________________ 4. The information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions is
what element of communication?
________________ 5. The recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
________________ 6. The process of interpreting the message of the speaker or sender is what element of
communication?
________________ 7. The factors that affect the flow of communication is what element?
________________ 8. The source of information or message is what element of communication?
________________ 9. The environment where communication takes place refers to what element?
________________ 10. It describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social
realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts.
________________ 11. The process of converting the message into words, actions or other forms that the
speaker understands refers to what element of communication?
________________ 12. What is the last step in the communication process?
________________ 13. The foremost barrier to oral communication is __________.
________________ 14. Body talk is also known as __________.
________________ 15. What model of communication asserts that communication can take place if and only
if there is an overlap between the field of experience of the speaker and of the
listener?

B. Identify the function of communication in each of the following situations. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students.
2. Ross greets Rachel; then, they start talking about their plans for the holidays.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a complicated life.
4. Monica shares her personal frustrations with Chandler.
5. The geometry teacher lectures about mathematical concepts.
6. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech.
7. The President delivers his last State of the Nation Address.
8. A television personality thanks the supportive moviegoers during an interview.
9. The city mayor presents her strategies to execute the plans in a public forum.
10. A tourist guide orients a group of tourists about a heritage site.

C. Enumerate
Feature of Effective Communication
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. _____________________________
7. _____________________________
Barriers to Communication
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
Elements of Communication
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________
 ANSWER KEY

QUIZ NUMBER 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

A. Identification 14. Leakage

1. Verbal Messages 15. Schramm Model of Communication
2. Communication
3. Channel B. Functions of Communication
4. Message 1. Regulation/Control
5. Receiver 2. Social Interaction
6. Decoding 3. Motivation
7. Noise 4. Emotional Expression
8. Sender 5. Information Dissemination
9. Context 6. Motivation
10. Transaction Model of Communication 7. Information Dissemination
11. Encoding 8. Emotional Expression
12. Feedback 9. Social Interaction
13. Poor Listening 10. Information Dissemination

C. Enumeration
Feature of Effective Communication Barriers to Communication Elements of Communication
1. Completeness 1. Emotional Barriers 1. Sender
2. Conciseness 2. Use of jargon 2. Message
3. Consideration 3. Lack of Confidence 3. Channel
4. Concreteness 4. Noisy Environment 4. Receiver
5. Courtesy 5. Feedback
6. Clearness
7. Correctness