Structural Organization in Animals

Structural Organisation in Animals (Contd...
)
(Animal Morphology)
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. Earthworms are commonly found in
(1) Deep water (2) Saline water
(3) Upper layer of the soil (4) Air
Sol. Answer (3)
Earthworm is terrestrial animal found in wet soil. They usually live in burrows found in upper layer of soil.
2. Dorsal surface of earthworm is recognised by

(1) Genital apertures (2) Setae
(3) Dark mid-dorsal line (4) Cuticle
Sol. Answer (3)
The dorsal surface of body in earthworm is recognised by a dark median line (mid-dorsal), which is dorsal blood
vessel beneath skin. Their ventral surface can be recognised by presence of genital apertures.
3. In earthworm, small fleshy lobe hung over mouth is known as

(1) Peristomium (2) Nephridiospores (3) Clitellum (4) Prostomium
Sol. Answer (4)
First segment on anterior end of mouth is peristomium (buccal segment). The dorsal edge of peristomium
projects forward above the mouth as small fleshy lobe called 'Prostomium' which serve as covering for mouth.
Prostomium is used as muscular probe in burrowing and sensory in function.
4. In earthworms, sperms are received during copulation inside special apertures known as
(1) Female genital pore (2) Clitellum
(3) Spermathecal apertures (4) Coelomic epithelium
Sol. Answer (3)
There are four pairs of spermathecae apertures situated on ventro lateral sides of intersegmental grooves; i.e.
5th to 9th segments. They serve to receive sperms from another worm during copulation.
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82 Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Morphology) Solution of Assignment
5. Earthworm body is covered externally by a thin, non-cellular layer called

(1) Body wall (2) Epidermis
(3) Coelomic epithelium (4) Cuticle
Sol. Answer (4)
Body wall of earthworm is covered externally by thin, non-cellular layer, secreted by epidermis below it.
6. Egg case in earthworms is formed by the secretion of a material which is secreted from
(1) Peristomium (2) Prostomium (3) Clitellar region (4) Post-clitellar region
Sol. Answer (3)
In mature worms, a prominent dark circular bond of glandular tissue is found from 14th to 16th segment. This
is known as clitellum. Clitellum segment secretes material (i.e. mucus and albumen etc.) for formation of cocoon
or egg capsule.
7. Buccal cavity in earthworm extends from

(1) 1st to 3rd segment (2) 1st to 7th segment (3) 3rd to 5th segment (4) 5th to 7th segment
Sol. Answer (1)
In earthworm mouth leads into thin-walled small tube called buccal cavity. It extends from first to middle of
third segment.
8. In earthworm, the humic acid present in humus part of soil is neutralised in stomach by secretion of
(1) Prostate glands (2) Blood glands (3) Calciferous glands (4) Gizzard
Sol. Answer (3)
Stomach walls are highly vascular and glandular. In stomach walls, chalky secretion of calciferous glands
neutralises humic acid present in humus.
9. The surface area of intestine in earthworm is greatly increased by the presence of

(1) Gizzard (2) Typhlosole (3) Buccal cavity (4) Calciferous glands
Sol. Answer (2)
The characteristic feature of earthworm intestine between 26th to 95th segment is presence of internal median
fold of dorsal wall called ‘Typhlosole’. This increases effective area of digestion and absorption in intestine.
10. In earthworm, haemoglobin is present in the dissolved state in

(1) Lymph (2) Bile (3) Plasma (4) Blood corpuscles
Sol. Answer (3)
Blood in earthworm is composed of fluid plasma and colourless blood corpuscles. A coloured respiratory
pigment, haemoglobin is present in plasma. It gives red colour to blood and aid in transportation of oxygen
for respiration.
11. In earthworm, blood glands are present in the dissolved state in

(1) 4th, 5th and 6th segments (2) 3rd and 4th segments
(3) 5th, 6th and 7th segments (4) 7th and 9th segments
Sol. Answer (1)
In earthworm, segments 4th, 5th and 6th lying above pharyngeal mass, there exist small, red-coloured, follicular
bodies called blood glands. These blood glands are considered to produce blood corpuscles and haemoglobin.
Solution of Assignment Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Morphology) 83
12. In earthworm, 10th and 11th segments bear loop-like broad vessels without valves, such vessels are known as
(1) Lateral hearts (2) Latero-oesophageal hearts
(3) Anterior loops (4) Dorsal-blood vessel
Sol. Answer (3)
There is a pair of thin walled, non-pulsatile, loop like broad vessels without valves in each of 10th of 11th segment.
These vessels are known as anterior loops.
13. In earthworm, CO2 diffuses out to surrounding atmosphere through

(1) Spiracles (2) Nephridiopores (3) Body surface (4) Setae
Sol. Answer (3)
Special respiratory organs are lacking in earthworm. Gaseous exchange takes place through body surface.
Gaseous exchange i.e. intake of O2 and giving out of CO2 take place between blood capillaries of outer
epidermis and surface film of moisture. Hence cutaneous respiration takes place in earthworm.
14. In earthworm, nerve ring lies in

(1) 2nd segment (2) 4th segment (3) 1st segment (4) 7th segment
Sol. Answer (2)
In earthworm, there is a pair of closely united white, pear shaped cerebral ganglia which lies dorsally in
depression between buccal cavity and pharynx in 3rd segment. These ganglia elongate laterally giving rise to
a pair of thick stout connectives, encircling pharynx and meet ventrally into pair of ganglia beneath pharynx
in 4th segment.
15. In earthworm, nerve cord runs posteriorly in

(1) Mid-dorsal line (2) Mid-ventral line
(3) Either dorsal or ventral side (4) Pharyngeal region only
Sol. Answer (2)
Earthworm bears paired ventral nerve cord that runs backward in mid-ventral line to the posterior of body.
16. Earthworms can feel the vibrations of the ground by presence of

(1) Buccal receptors (2) Photoreceptors
(3) Epidermal receptors (4) Chemoreceptors
Sol. Answer (3)
All over epidermis in earthworm there are epidermal receptors but are more abundant on lateral sides and ventral
surface of body. These are tactile (relating to touch) receptors in function and help worm to free vibration in
ground.
17. Spermatophores are

(1) Spermathecae (2) Packets of sperms
(3) Spermathecal apertures (4) Egg capsule
Sol. Answer (2)
Packets of sperms are called spermatophores. During mating two worms exchange packets of sperms called
spermatophores.
18. Exoskeleton of each segment in cockroach consists of

(1) Dorsal tergum and a ventral sternum (2) Dorsal sternum and a ventral tergum
(3) Sternum only (4) Tergum only
Sol. Answer (1)
Cockroach possess chitinous exoskeleton composed of several plates called sclerites. Exoskeleton for each
segment consist of dorsal tergum and ventral sternum, these plates are joined to each other by thin and flexible
articular membrane known as arthrodial membrane.
19. Which of the following mouth part act as tongue in cockroach?

(1) Labium (2) Hypopharynx (3) Maxillae (4) Labrum
Sol. Answer (2)
Labrum – Upper lip
Labium – Lower lip
Maxillae – Positioning of food
Hypopharynx – Tongue
20. Hind wings in cockroach arises from

(1) Prothorax (2) Mesothorax (3) Metathorax (4) Pronotum
Sol. Answer (3)
Hind wings are metathoracic wings, which are delicate, thin transparent and membranous with broad terminal
end. They are used for flight.
21. Fore wings in cockroach arises from

(1) Hypopharynx (2) Metathorax (3) Mesothorax (4) Prothorax
Sol. Answer (3)
Forewings in cockroach are mesothoracic wings, which are thick, leathery, opaque and dark coloured. They
are not used for flight but cover and protect metathoracic wings.
22. In cockroach, foregut comprises of

(1) Pharynx, oesophagus, crop and gizzard (2) Mesenteron, crop and gizzard
(3) Ileum, colon and rectum (4) Pharynx, oesophagus and rectum
Sol. Answer (1)
Foregut in cockroach comprises mouth, pharynx, oesophagus crop and gizzard.
23. Hepatic caecae are found at the junction of

(1) Midgut and hindgut (2) Crop and gizzard
(3) Midgut and gizzard (4) Midgut and ileum
Sol. Answer (3)
At junction of midgut and gizzard (i.e. foregut) arises six to eight finger like structures, called Hepatic caecae.
Main digestion and absorption of food is carried out by hepatic caecae.
24. In cockroach, spiracles are present on the
(1) Dorsal side of the body (2) Ventral side of the body
(3) Lateral side of the body (4) Anterior region of body
Sol. Answer (3)
There are ten pairs of slit like openings, called spiracles or stigmata present on lateral side of body.
25. Thin tubes that carry oxygen from the air to all the parts in cockroach constitute
(1) Tracheal system (2) Haemolymph (3) Lungs (4) Gills
Sol. Answer (1)
Respiratory system of cockroach consist of network of elastic, closed and branching air tubes called trachea.
Gas exchange occurs through trachea in all parts of cockroach.
26. Malpighian tubule are lined by

(1) Glandular epithelium with ciliated cells (2) Simple epithelium and non-ciliated cells
(3) Cutinised epithelium (4) Simple squamous epithelium
Sol. Answer (1)
Malpighian tubule are fine, long, unbranched, yellowish and blind tubules lying freely in haemolymph. Malpighian
tubules are attached to alimentary canal at junction of midgut and hindgut. Malpighian tubule is lined by
glandular epithelium with characteristic ciliated cells.
27. In cockroach, eye consists of visual units called

(1) Ostia (2) Ommatidia (3) Gonapophyses (4) Spiracles
Sol. Answer (2)
Cockroach has compound eyes. Each compound eye is formed of about 2000 hexagonal ommatidia.
28. External genitalia in cockroach consist of small irregular chitinous plates known as
(1) Seminal vesicles (2) Collateral gland (3) Phallomeres (4) Abdominal sclerites
Sol. Answer (3)
The external genitalia or gonapophysis or phallomeres are three in number - left, right and ventral. In male genital
pouch, surrounding male genital pore are present phallomeres which help in copulation. Phallomeres consist
of three small irregular chitinous plates (right, left and ventral).
29. Frogs can protect itself from enemies by

(1) Clawed toes (2) Spiny skin (3) Camouflage (4) Sharp teeth
Sol. Answer (3)
In order to hide themselves from enemies, frogs exhibit color change and enables them to resemble their
surrounding. This protective coloration, to protect from enemies is known as camouflage.
30. Stomach in frogs contains

(1) Calciferous glands (2) Hepatic caecae
(3) Collaterial glands (4) Oxyntic and gastric glands
Sol. Answer (4)
Stomach in frog contains multicellular gastric glands which secrete enzymes, pepsinogen and unicellular oxyntic
glands which secrete hydrochloric acid.
31. In frog, oxygen dissolved in water can be taken by

(1) External nares (2) Spiracles (3) Buccal cavity (4) Skin
Sol. Answer (4)
Frog can utilise free oxygen and also oxygen dissolved in water.
When frog is under water carry out only cutaneous respiration. Under water dissolved oxygen in water is
exchanged through moist surface of skin by diffusion.
32. In frog, heart is enclosed within two-layered sac called

(1) Mesorchium (2) Pericardium (3) Pleura (4) Conus arteriosus
Sol. Answer (2)
Heart in frog is enclosed with in thin, transparent, two layered sac called pericardium. It protects heart from
friction or mechanical shock.
33. A thin-walled, triangular chamber attached dorsally to heart of frog is known as

(1) Truncus arteriosus (2) Sinus venosus (3) Atrium (4) Ventricle
Sol. Answer (2)
Heart of frog has two additional chambers-sinus venosus and truncus arteriosus.
Sinus venosus is thin walled, triangular chamber attached dorsally to heart and open into right larger atrium
through an aperture.
34. In frog, deoxygenated blood is received by

(1) Sinus venosus (2) Left atrium (3) Ventricle (4) Truncus arteriosus
Sol. Answer (1)
Deoxygenated blood from body Oxygenated blood
Vena cava (major vein) Pulmonary vein
Deoxygenated blood
enter sinus venosus
Blood from sinus venosus

enters into right atrium Oxygenated blood
enters left atrium
Both left and right atrium

pump blood in single ventricle
Ventricle pump blood in truncus arteriosus
Truncus arteriosus
35. Renal portal vein carries blood to
(1) Liver (2) Kidney (3) Heart directly (4) Brain
Sol. Answer (2)
Renal portal vein, carrying deoxygenated blood from lower part of body like hind limbs to kidneys.
36. In frog, RBCs are

(1) Nucleated and biconcave (2) Enucleated and biconvex
(3) Nucleated and biconvex (4) Non-nucleated and biconcave
Sol. Answer (3)
RBC in frog are nucleated, oval and biconvex and have haemoglobin (respiratory pigment).
37. In frogs, cloaca receives

(1) Faecal matter (2) Gametes (3) Urine (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Cloaca is common aperture for alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tract. It receives faeces, genital
products and urine.
38. The part of frog's brain which is continuous with the spinal cord is
(1) Cerebellum (2) Medulla oblongata (3) Mid-brain (4) Diencephalon
Sol. Answer (2)
Hind brain is posterior part of brain including cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Spinal cord extends posteriorly
from medulla oblongata through foramen magnum.
39. Frog's eye are protected under water by the presence of

(1) Retina (2) Upper eyelid
(3) Nictitating membrane (4) Lower eyelid
Sol. Answer (3)
In frog nictitating membrane is present over eyes which protect them inside water and also enables frog to
see under water.
40. In frogs, testes are attached to kidneys by a double fold of peritoneum known as
(1) Pericardium (2) Mesorchium (3) Urinogenital duct (4) Vasa efferentia
Sol. Answer (2)
Testes in frog are elongated or avoid light yellow body, attached to upper part of kidney by double fold of
peritoneum called ‘mesorchium’.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. Which of the following statements is not correct about earthworm?
(1) It shows metamerism, and the number of segments varies from 100-120
(2) The first segment at the anterior end of the body is called as the ‘buccal segment’ or Peristomium
(3) The first segment is Prostomium
(4) The skin of earthworm is brown due to the presence of porphyrin
Sol. Answer (3)
First segment bearing mouth in earthworm is peristomium. The dorsal edge of peristomium projects forward
above mouth as a small fleshy lobe called ‘prostomium’
2. The earthworms move with the help of

(1) Setae, muscles and hydrostatic skeleton (2) Setae alone
(3) Muscles alone (4) Parapodia
Sol. Answer (1)
Locomotion is earthworm occurs in form of wave of contraction and expansion of body. Setae are chitinous
structures, helping in locomotion. Setae are withdrawn from anterior end by contraction of their retractor muscle.
Circular muscles of body contract to cause thinning and elongation. As a result, anterior part moves ahead.
Setae are now ejected by contraction of their protractor muscles for fixation to soil. Longitudnal muscles contract
to pull hinder part which is freed due to withdrawn of its setae. Coelomic fluid acts as hydraulic pump.
3. In earthworm there is a ring of S-shaped setae, embedded in the epidermal pit at the middle of each segment,
except
(1) First (2) Last
(3) Clitellar (4) First, last and clitellar segments
Sol. Answer (4)
Each body segment, except first, last and clitellar segment, bears a ring of tiny, curved, chitinous structures
known as setae or chaetae. They are embedded in epidermal pits known as setigerous sac in middle of each
segment.
4. There are four pairs of spermathecal pores in Pheretima which are located in intersegmental grooves between
segments
(1) 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9 (2) 6/7, 7/8, 8/9, 9/10
(3) 14/15, 15/16, 16/17, 17/18 (4) 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5
Sol. Answer (1)
There are four pairs of spermathecal apertures situated on ventrolateral sides of intersegmental grooves, i.e.
5th to 9th segments, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9 intersegments. They serve to receive sperm from another worm during
copulation.
5. Tick mark the wrong match (In earthworm)

(1) Female genital aperture – Midventral line of 14th segment
(2) A pair of male genital apertures – Ventrolateral sides of 18th segment
(3) Genital papillae – Ventral surface of 17th & 19th segments
(4) Clitellum or Cingulum – 9th to 14th segment
Sol. Answer (4)
In mature worm, clitellum is observed as prominant dark circular band of glandular tissue from 14th to 16th
segment.
6. Which of the following are analogous to vertebrate liver cells?
(1) Chromophil cells (2) Chloragogen cells
(3) Calciferous gland cells (4) Albumen cells
Sol. Answer (2)
Chloragogen cells are analogous to liver cells of vertebrates as chloragogen cells in earthworm are centres of
synthesis and storage of glycogen and fat, deamination of excess amino acids and formation of urea.
7. In earthworm the function of typhlosole which extends between 27th to 95th segments is/it
(1) Excretion
(2) Enhances effective area of absorption after digestion
(3) Respiration
(4) Locomotion
Sol. Answer (2)
Typhlosole is characteristic feature of earthworm intestine having internal median fold of dorsal wall called
typhlosole between 26th to 95th segments. These increases effective area of digestion and absorption of intestine.
8. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the circulatory system of earthworm?
(1) Pheretima represents a closed type of blood vascular system
(2) Blood glands are present in 4th, 5th and 6th segments, they produce blood cells and haemoglobin
dissolved in plasma
(3) There are fours pairs of hearts in earthworm present in 7, 9, 12 and 13 segments
(4) In dorsal vessel blood flows in forward direction and is without valves
Sol. Answer (4)
Dorsal blood vessel is largest blood vessel of body running mid-dorsally above alimentary canal, from one end
of body to other. Blood flow in forward direction (i.e. posterior to anterior) and has valves to prevent backflow
of blood.
9. Testes in earthworm are present in the segments

(1) 11 & 12 (2) 12 & 13 (3) 14 & 15 (4) 10 & 11
Sol. Answer (4)
In earthworm there are two pairs of testes in 10th and 11th segment. Each testis arises from anterior wall of
each testis sac.
10. During copulation in earthworms, sperms are transferred between copulating individuals from
(1) Female genital pore to spermathecae (2) Male genital pores to spermathecae
(3) Spermathecae to cocoon (4) Male genital pores to outside
Sol. Answer (2)
A mutual exchange of sperms occurs between two worms during mating. When one worm finds another worm
they mate juxtapositioning i.e. worms apply to each other by their ventral surfaces with heads pointing in
opposite directions, so that male genital pores of each lie against a pair of spermathecal pores of other. In
copulation, sperm of one worm are transferred to spermathecae of other.
11. All the following statements are correct about the reproductive system of earthworm, except
(1) Fertilization is external and cross fertilization
(2) There are two pairs of testes in 10th and 11th segments and one pair of ovaries attached at the
intersegmental septum of 12th and 13th segment
(3) Accessory glands are present on the ventral surface of 17th and 19th segments
(4) Earthworm is unisexual
Sol. Answer (4)
Earthworms are monoecious or hermaphrodite, both male (testes) and female (ovaries) are present in same
individual.
12. Dorsal blood vessel in Pheretima is

(1) Distributing in whole body (2) Collecting in whole body
(3) Distributing in first 13 segments (4) Collecting in first 13 segments
Sol. Answer (3)
Dorsal blood vessel is distributing blood vessel in first 13 segments in Pheretima. It supplies blood to anterior
part of gut and pharyngeal nephridia.
13. In Pheretima, clitellum is primarily meant for

(1) Burrowing (2) Fertilisation
(3) Producing cocoons (4) Locomotion
Sol. Answer (3)
Clitellum is prominent dark circular band of glandular tissue, found from 14th to 16th segment. Clitellum secretes
material for formation of cocoon or egg capsule.
14. Lateral oesophageal hearts in earthworm connect

(1) Supra-oesophageal and dorsal vessel to ventral vessel
(2) Dorsal vessel to sub-oesophageal vessel
(3) Lateral oesophageal vessel to subneural vessel
(4) Dorsal vessel to subneural vessel
Sol. Answer (1)
Lateral oesophageal heart, situated in 12th and 13th segment connect both dorsal blood vessel and super-
oesophageal blood vessels with ventral blood vessel.
15. Flow of blood in the ventral vessel of earthworm is

(1) Forwards
(2) Backwards
(3) Backwards in half of it and forwards in another half
(4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Ventral blood vessel extent from one end to other end of body. It does not have valves and flow of blood is
from anterior to posterior (i.e. backward) end of body. It is main distributing blood vessel.
16. Ventral surface of mature earthworm can be distinguished from dorsal surface by
(1) Absence of middorsal line (2) Presence of clitellum
(3) Presence of genital papillae (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Ventral surface of earthworm can be recognised by presence of genital apertures (poers). Dorsal surface of
earthworm is recognised by a dark median line, which is a dorsal blood vessel beneath the skin.
17. Which of the following parts of gut occupies most part of the 8th segment?
(1) Oesophagus (2) Gizzard (3) Stomach (4) Intestine
Sol. Answer (2)
Oesophagus – 7th segment
Gizzard – 8th and 9th segment
Stomach – 9th and 14th segment
Intestine – 15th and 26th segment
18. Photoreceptors (phaosomes) in earthworm occur in

(1) Epidermis of dorsal body wall and prostomium (2) Epidermis of ventral body wall
(3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Epidermis of prostomium only
Sol. Answer (1)
Photoreceptors or light sensitive organs are present on dorsal surface of body and are numerous in anterior
region. They enable worm to judge intensity and duration of light.
19. Excretion is exonephric by which of the following nephridia?

(1) Pharyngeal nephridia (2) Septal nephridia
(3) Integumentary nephridia (4) Integumentary and pharyngeal nephridia
Sol. Answer (3)
Integumentary nephridia are attached to inner surface of body wall in all segments, except first two segments.
Terminal ducts of integumentary nephridia open on body surface independently through minute opening.
Integumentary nephridia discharge waste matter directly to exterior surface of worm.
20. Earthworm is
(1) Ammonotelic (2) Ureotelic
(3) Uricotelic (4) Ureotelic and ammonotelic
Sol. Answer (4)
Excretory waste in earthworm is ammonia (ammonotelic) or urea (ureotelic).
21. In Pheretima, pharyngeal nephridia occur in the segments

(1) 3, 4, 5 (2) 4, 5, 6 (3) 5, 6, 7 (4) 6, 7, 8
Sol. Answer (2)
Pharyngeal nephridia occur as paired tuft in 4th, 5th and 6th segment on each side of alimentary canal.
22. Periplaneta americana and Blatta orientalis differ mainly from each other in
(1) Body size (2) Wing length (3) Length of antenna (4) Life-history
Sol. Answer (2)
Periplaneta americana is largest of all species with light reddish colour, wings in both sexes, which in male
is extended beyond posterior end of body.
Blatta orientalis is medium sized dark brown to blackish brown house hold species. Wings are vestigial in
females and reduced in males.
23. In cockroach, the body inspite of being covered by an exoskeleton of strong chitinous cuticle remains flexible
due to
(1) Tergites (2) Sternites (3) Pleurites (4) Arthrodial membranes
Sol. Answer (4)
Exoskeleton of cockroach is a non-living brown coloured hard, jointed and chitinous exoskeleton composed
of several plates called sclerites. These sclerites are joined by thin flexible arthroidal membrane. These flexible
membrane allows movement.
24. Vestigeal wings are found in

(1) Male Blatta (2) Female Blatta (3) Male Periplaneta (4) Female Periplaneta
Sol. Answer (2)
Blatta orientalis is medium sized dark brown to blackish brown household species. Wings are vestigial in
females and reduced in males.
25. In cockroach elytra are articulated to the tergites of

(1) Prothorax (2) Mesothorax (3) Metathorax (4) Abdomen
Sol. Answer (2)
Elytra are forewings of cockroach. Elytra are thick, leathery opaque and dark coloured structures. These wings
are mesothoracic wings and are attached to targets of mesothorax. They are not used for flight.
26. Which mouth part of cockroach acts as upper lip?

(1) Labium (2) Labrum (3) First maxilla (4) Hypopharynx
Sol. Answer (2)
Labrum – Upper lip
Labium – Lower lip
Hypopharynx – Tongue
27. Position of head in relation to body axis of cockroach is known as

(1) Epignathous (2) Hypognathous (3) Prognathous (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Head in cockroach is small and roughly triangular in shape. Head occurs anteriorly in hypognathous position,
i.e. it lies anteriorly at right angles (perpendicularly) to rest of body with mouth in downward direction.
28. Endoskeletal structure present in the head is
(1) Apodeme (2) Tentorium (3) Fenestra (4) Clypeus
Sol. Answer (2)
Endoskeleton of head in cockroach in tentorium, formed from united anterior and posterior pairs of arms.
29. Periplaneta has mosaic vision. Each ommatidium is composed of following parts, except
(1) Corneal lens (2) Refractive crystalline cone
(3) Rhabdome (4) Phaosome
Sol. Answer (4)
Cockroach has compound eyes, where each compound eye is formed of hexagonal ommatidia. Image seen
by whole eyes is made of many dark and light spot of light, each contributed by one ommatidium. This kind
of vision is mosaic vision.
Each ommatidium has corneal lens, transparent crystalline cone, rhabdome (refractive body).
Lens
Corneagen
cell
Cone cell
Iris pigment Crystalline cone

sheath
Retinular cell
Retinular pigment
sheath
Rhabdome
Basement
membrane
Nerve fibres
V.S. of ommatidium
30. Which of the following is wrong match in cockroach?

(1) Head – Hypognathous (2) Heart – 13 chambered
(3) Anal styles – Female cockroach (4) Excretion – Malpighian tubules
Sol. Answer (3)
Anal styles are present only in male cockroach. They are unsegmented and attached to 9th tergum.
31. Movement of which muscles can alter the pericardial space in cockroach?
(1) Circular (2) Longitudinal (3) Alary (4) Ciliary
Sol. Answer (3)
The blood from heart is pumped into sinuses anteriorly by contraction and relaxation of fan shaped paired
muscles called ‘Alary muscles’.
Contraction of alary muscles cause floating of dorsal diaphragm and pericardial sinus increase in volume.
32. Number of segments in the leg of cockroach is

(1) Five (2) Three (3) Six (4) Nine
Sol. Answer (1)
Each leg of cockroach is made up of 5 segments or podo nerves which are
Coxa (largest)
Trochanter (smallest)
Femur
Tibia (longest)
Tarsus
33. Main function of blood vascular system in cockroach is

(1) Distribution of oxygen (2) Distribution of absorbed nutrients
(3) Distribution of heat (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Cockroach have open circulatory system and mediate distribution of absorbed nutrients. Distribution of oxygen
is done by tracheal tubes in cockroach.
34. In Periplaneta each walking leg consists of five segments. Which of the following is a correct sequence?
(1) Trochanter, coxa, femur, tibia, tarsus (2) Coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus
(3) Coxa, femur, trochanter, tibia, tarsus (4) Trochanter, femur, coxa, tibia, tarsus
Sol. Answer (2)
Each leg in cockroach has five segments in order
Broad short proximal coxa
Triangular short and rod like trochanter
Long, strong and spiny femur
Spiny and longest segment called tibia
Long tarsus
35. Structure that helps the cockroach to walk on smooth surfaces is
(1) Trochanter (2) Plantulae (3) Cardo (4) Scape
Sol. Answer (2)
Plantulae are smaller adhesive pads located at each joint of tarsus which help cockroach to walk on smooth
surface.
36. Number of spiracles in Periplaneta americana is
(1) Ten (2) Twenty (3) Eight (4) Six
Sol. Answer (2)
Spiracles are 10 pairs, (20) slit-like openings present on lateral side of body.
37. Function of stomodaeal valve in the gut of the cockroach is to prevent the regurgitation of partially digested
food from
(1) Mid-gut into crop (2) Preoral cavity
(3) Mid-gut into hind-gut (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Posterior end of gizzard project in form of narrow tube into mid gut. It is called stomodeal valve. This valve
checks regurgitation of food from midgut to crop.
38. Which of the two parts in cockroach are fundamentally similar in structure?
(1) Anal styles and labrum (2) Wings and anal cerci
(3) Maxillae and legs (4) Mandibles and antennae
Sol. Answer (3)
Maxillae resemble legs and have same number of segments. Anatomically maxillae are first pair of legs but
turned forward at side of mouth parts and are functionally part of feeding apparatus. Both maxillae and legs
help in holding and positioning of food.
39. Ootheca in Periplanata americana is secreted by
(1) Collaterial glands (2) Conglobate gland
(3) Mushroom glands (4) Gynatrium
Sol. Answer (1)
A pair of branched accessory or collaterial gland secreted hard egg case-ootheca around group of fertilised
egg.
40. Number of eggs contained in an ootheca of cockroach is
(1) 8 (2) 16 (3) 32 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
Fertilised eggs become surrounded by secretion of collaterial gland, which harden to form egg case or ootheca.
14-16 eggs are arranged in two rows in one ootheca. On an average, about 9-10 ootheca are laid by female
cockroach.
41. Conglobate organ is a part of male reproductive system of

(1) Prawn (2) Cockroach (3) Earthworm (4) Frog
Sol. Answer (2)
Conglobate gland is also known as phallic gland. Phallic or conglobate gland is flat and elongated gland, opening
separately by side of male genital pore. Phallic gland produces secretion which forms outer wall layer of
spermatophore.
42. Number of ganglia in the abdominal nerve-cord of cockroach is

(1) 6 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 12
Sol. Answer (1)
Nervous system in cockroach have double ventral solid nerve cord. There are a pair of segmental ganglion in
which 3 pairs are thoracic ganglia and 6 pairs of abdominal ganglion.
43. The frog's body is divisible into

(1) Head, neck, abdomen (2) Head, neck, trunk (3) Head, trunk (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Body of frog is divisible into two main segments:
Head and trunk. Neck is absent but tail may be present.
44. Which of the following statements is not true?

(1) The body colour offers it protective colouration (2) Summer sleep of frog is called aestivation
(3) Tail is present in the lifecycle of frog (4) Mouth is bounded by a pair of lips
Sol. Answer (4)
Mouth in cockroach leads to pharynx and bounded by mouth parts. These mouth parts are used in searching
and taking in food matter. The mouth parts of cockroach consist of the labium or upper lip, a pair of mandibles,
a pair of maxillae, labium or lower lip and hypopharynx (tongue).
45. Which of the following is present in the skin of frog?

(1) Serous gland (2) Mucus gland
(3) Chromatophore cells (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Serous glands are poisonous cutaneous gland.
Mucus glands secrete mucus to maintain their skin in moist condition.
Chromatophore are pigment containing cells of frog.
46. Total number of vertebrae in frog is
(1) 12 (2) 10 (3) 26 (4) 33
Sol. Answer (2)
There are approximately 10 vertebrae in frog.
47. Which of the following vertebra is amphicoelous type in frog?

(1) 3rd (2) 8th (3) 9th (4) 10th
Sol. Answer (2)
In frog
2 - 7th vertebrae – Procoelous – Centrum concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly
8th vertebrae – Amphicoelous – Centrum concave on both sides

9th vertebrae – Acoelous – Centrum without concavity on either sides
48. The digital formula for the hind limbs of frog is

(1) 0, 2, 2, 3, 3 (2) 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 (3) 2, 2, 3, 4, 3 (4) 0, 2, 1, 2, 3
Sol. Answer (3)
Digital formulae for hind limb of frog is 2, 2, 3, 4, 3
Digital formulae for fore limb of frog is 0, 2, 2, 3, 3
49. Frog is
(1) Homoeothermic (2) Poikilothermic (3) Homeostatic (4) Warm-blooded
Sol. Answer (2)
Frogs are poikilothermic, i.e. their internal body temperature varies considerably.
50. Capacity of amphibians to change colour is called

(1) Synchronous (2) Metachronous (3) Metachrosis (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Metachrosis is ability to change colour by expansion and contraction of chromatophores. Metachrosis is

exhibited by frogs.
51. Which is not true about frog?

(1) Salivary glands are absent
(2) Maxillary teeth are arranged along the margin of upper jaw and the lower jaw is toothless
(3) Muscular tongue is bilobed at tip and free from behind
(4) Tadpole larva of frog has a short alimentary canal
Sol. Answer (4)
Tadpole larva is herbivorous so alimentary canal is very long, coiled in the form of spring. Since, the frogs are
carnivorous, their alimentary canal is short in length.
52. Bidder’s canal in frog is present in

(1) Testes (2) Kidney (3) Ovary (4) Brain
Sol. Answer (2)
Bidder’s canal is a longitudinal tube present at inner margin of kidney. Bidder’s canal is connected to ureter
through collecting tubules. Vasa efferentia open into Bidder’s canal.
53. During active period, maximum respiratory activity is through

(1) Cutaneous respiration (2) Branchial respiration
(3) Pulmonary respiration (4) Buccopharyngeal respiration
Sol. Answer (3)
During active period maximum respiration occurs through pulmonary respiration. During hibernation and
aestivation, gaseous exchange takes place through skin (Cutaneous respiration).
54. How many lymph hearts are present in frog?

(1) Single (2) One pair (3) Two pairs (4) Three pairs
Sol. Answer (3)
In frogs lymph is constantly produced from filtering of blood through capillaries into intercellular spaces. Frog
also has two pairs of lymph hearts which pump lymph.
55. Which of the following parts of frog’s heart has spiral valve?
(1) Conus arteriosus (2) Synangium (3) Pylangium (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (3)
Truncus arteriosus is divided into two parts, proximal part of truncus arteriosus is called pylangium and distal
part is called bulbus arteriosus or synangium. Pylangium contain spiral valves.
56. The middle ear of Rana tigrina has

(1) Three ear ossicles i.e. malleus, incus and stapes
(2) One ear ossicle Columella Auris
(3) Two ear ossicles Columella Auris and stapedial plate
(4) No ear ossicle
Sol. Answer (2)
Ear in frog possess middle ear and internal ear. External ear is absent. Middle ear have one ear ossicles called
as columella auris. Middle ear is covered by tympanic membrane.
57. Cerebrum is the part of

(1) Forebrain (2) Midbrain (3) Hindbrain (4) Rhombencephalon
Sol. Answer (1)
Brain is divided into three parts: forebrain, midbrain, hind brain. Forebrain is comprised of two olfactory lobes,
two cerebral hemisphere and unpaired diencephalon.
58. Number of cranial nerves and spinal nerves in frog is
(1) 10 and 20 (2) 10 and 10 (3) 20 and 10 (4) 20 and 20
Sol. Answer (4)
In peripheral nervous system of frog, there are 10 pairs (20) cranial nerves which originate from brain of frog.
Frog has 10 pairs (20) spinal nerves every spinal nerve on either side arises from spinal cord.
59. Which of the following is true?
(1) Frog has monocular vision
(2) Frog has scale-less moist, slimy skin
(3) Frog is myopic (short sighted) on land
(4) All of these are true
Sol. Answer (4)
Frog has monocular vision, i.e. both eyes are used separately.
Eyes in frog is covered with nictitating membrane which protects them inside water and enables frog to
see under water.
Frog is myopic or short sighted on land and hypermetropic or long sighted in water.
60. Spawning is termed as
(1) Release of sperms in male (2) Release of ova by female
(3) Other term for fertilization (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Spawning is process of release of eggs by aquatic animals.
61. Which of the following systems undergoes maximum changes in frog during metamorphosis?
(1) Digestive system (2) Circulatory system
(3) Reproductive system (4) Nervous system
Sol. Answer (2)
During metamorphosis maximum change occurs in circulatory system and least change occur in nervous
system. During metamorphosis there is reconstruction of circulatory system. The aortic arches and several
large blood vessels are reconstructed.
62. Respiration in tadpole of frog takes place by
(1) Lungs (2) Gills (3) Buccal cavity (4) Skin
Sol. Answer (2)
Tadpole is free swimming aquatic larvae, a small fish-like creature which hatches out. Tadpole have external
gills for respiration which become replaced by internal gills after metamorphosis.
63. Frog skull is
(1) Noncondylic (2) Dicondylic (3) Monocondylic (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Skull in frog is dicondylic i.e., articulating with two occipital condyles.
64. On removing the thyroid from tadpole of frog
(1) Metamorphosis will stop (2) It grows into a giant frog
(3) It grows into a dwarf frog (4) Normal metamorphosis occurs
Sol. Answer (1)
Thyroxine is required for metamorphosis, if thyroid gland is removed then there is no metamorphosis.
65. Find out the incorrect match w.r.t. Intestine of earthworm
(1) Muscular Gizzard – 8-9th segments
(2) Oesophagus – 9-14th segments
(3) Intestine – 15th segment onward
(4) Typhlosole – 27-95th segment
Sol. Answer (2)
Muscular Gizzard – 8-9th segments
Oesophagus – 5-7th segments
Intestine – 15th segment onward
Typhlosole – 26-95th segment
66. Forests of integumentary nephridia are present in
(1) Pharyngeal region (2) Clitellar region (3) Pre clitellar region (4) Post clitellar region
Sol. Answer (2)
There are 200-250 integumentary nephridia in each segment but segment of clitellum (segment 14 to 16), their
number increases to more than 2000. This is forest of integumentary nephridia.
67. Which of the following structure is related to formation of middle layer of spermatophore in Periplaneta?
(1) Utriculi majores (2) Utriculi breviores (3) Ejaculatory duct (4) Conglobate gland
Sol. Answer (3)
Ejaculatory duct is muscular tube which runs backwardly in midventral region to open in male genital aperture.
It has glandular lining which secretes middle wall layer of spermatophore.
68. Earthworm and cockroach both have
(1) Dorsal nerve cord (2) Unsegmented body (3) Malpighian tubule (4) Ventral nerve cord
Sol. Answer (4)
Cockroach and earthworm both are non-chordates. In non-chordates nerve cord is ventral in position.
69. Find out the incorrect statement w.r.t. frog
(1) Only tympanum can be seen externally (2) Columnae carnaeae are present in ventricle
(3) Bidder’s canal communicates with the oviduct (4) Vasa efferentia are 10-12 in number
Sol. Answer (3)
Bidder's canal is longitudinal tube present at inner margin of kidney. Bidder's canal is connected to ureter
through collecting tubules. Vasa efferentia (part of male reproductive system) open into bidder's canal.
70. Which of the following statement is incorrect about development of Periplaneta americana?
(1) On an average female produces 9-10 oothecae each containing 14-16 eggs
(2) The development is paurometabolous
(3) The nymph grows by mounting about 7-8 times to reach adult form
(4) The next to last nymphal stage has wing pads but only adult cockroach has wings
Sol. Answer (3)
Each egg inside ootheca undergoes cleavage and result in formation of nymphs. Freshly hatched nymphs are
delicate, transparent and colourless with black eyes. The nymph grows by moulting about 13 times to reach
adult from. This development includes wings formation, growth of body size, colouration change and development
of genitalia, etc.
71. Identify the structures labelled A, B, C and D in the alimentary canal of cockroach.
(1) Stomach, Ileum, Hepatic caecae, Malpighian tubules
(2) Gizzard, Crop, Hepatic caecae, Malpighian tubules
(3) Crop, gizzard, Malpighian tubules, Hepatic caecae
(4) Crop, gizzard, Hepatic caecae, Malpighian tubules
Sol. Answer (4)
Crop – The oesophagus dilates to form large, thin walled, pear shaped sac, which extend upto 3rd or 4th
segment. It opens into gizzard.
Gizzard – Crop leads into small, cone-shaped, muscular and thick walled chamber called proventriculus.
Hepatic caecae – At junction of midgut and gizzard there are six to eight finger like structures called hepatic
caecae.
Malpighian tubules – At junction of midgut and hindgut is marked by presence of 100-150 yellow fine thread
like structures called Malpighian tubules.
72. Which of the following is the correct statement of the structure labelled ‘A’ in the diagram?
(1) A pair of anal styles absent in females

(2) A pair of anal cerci, arise from 10th segment present in both the sexes
(3) Phallomere, external genitalia of male
(4) Ovipositor in female
Sol. Answer (2)
Anal cerci are auditory receptors which are attached to tergum of 10th segment. Anal cerci are present in both
male and female.
73. Which of the following statements is incorrect w.r.t. reproductive system of earthworm?
(1) There are two pairs of testes present in 10th and 11th segments. Their ducts i.e. vas deferens run upto
the 18th segment where they join the prostatic duct
(2) Accessory glands are present on the ventral side of the 17th and 19th segments
(3) One pair of ovaries is attached at the intersegmental septum of the 13th and 14th segments
(4) Four pairs of sac like structures called spermathecae are found one pair each in 6th to 9th segments
Sol. Answer (3)
There is a pair of ovary, lie laterally in 2nd - 6th abdominal segment in cockroach.
74. Which of the following statements is false?

(1) The ovaries in frog are structurally and functionally connected with kidneys
(2) A mature female frog can lay 2500 to 3000, unfertilised ova at a time
(3) In male frog there are 10-12 vasa efferentia arise from testes and enter kidneys on their side and open
into Bidder’s canal
(4) The eggs of frog are mesolecithal and telolecithal
Sol. Answer (1)
In frogs, pair of testes are attached to kidneys, but ovaries do not have any functional or internal connection
with kidneys.
75. Following is the diagram of the male reproductive system of frog select the correct set of names labelled A,
B, C and D.
A B C D
(1) Fat bodies Ureter Bidder's canal Vasa efferentia
(2) Fat bodies Bidder's canal Ureter Vasa efferentia
(3) Adrenal gland Bidder's canal Ureter Vasa efferentia
(4) Testes Adrenal gland Bidder's canal Vasa efferentia
Sol. Answer (4)
Testes : Pair of testes in frog are elongated or avoid, light yellow body attached to upper part of kidney.
Adrenal gland : Found on kidneys.
Bidder canal : Longitudinal canal present at inner margin of kidney.

Vasa efferentia : 10-12 fine tubes connecting testes to kidney on each sides.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. The terga, sterna and pleura of cockroach body are joined by [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Cartilage (2) Cementing glue
(3) Muscular tissue (4) Arthrodial membrane
Sol. Answer (4)
2. What external changes are visible after the last moult of a cockroach nymph? [NEET-2013]
(1) Anal cerci develop (2) Both fore wings and hind wings develop
(3) Labium develops (4) Mandibles become harder
Sol. Answer (2)
Each egg inside ootheca undergoes cleavage and finally result in formation of nymph. Freshly hatched nymphs
are delicate, transparent and almost colourless with black eyes. Nymph possess nearly all adult characters
but differ in size and colouration but do not bear wings.
When nymph moult into adult there is wing formation, growth of body size and change in colouration.
3. Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to Periplaneta americana
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Grinding of food is carried out only by the mouth parts
(2) Nervous system located dorsally, consists of segmentally arranged ganglia joined by a pair of longitudinal
connectives
(3) Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles
(4) There are 16 very long Malpighian tubules present at the junctions of midgut and hindgut
Sol. Answer (3)
Correct statement are
There are 100-150 yellow fine thread like structure called malpighian tubule at junction of midgut and
hindgut.
Six chitinous plates (teeth) in gizzard are used for grinding of food.
Nervous system is located ventrally consist of series of fused segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired
longitudinal connectives.
Males bear a pair of short thread like anal style attached to 9th tergum.
4. Pheretima and its close relatives derive nourishment from [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of maize, etc (2) Sugarcane roots
(3) Decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter (4) Soil insects
Sol. Answer (3)
Earthworm feeds on dead organic matter and decaying leaves along with soil. It also feeds directly upon leaves,
grasses, seeds, algae etc.
5. Compared to those of humans, the erythrocytes in frog are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

(1) Nucleated and without haemoglobin (2) Without nucleus but with haemoglobin
(3) Nucleated and with haemoglobin (4) Very much smaller and fewer
Sol. Answer (3)
RBC is frog are nucleated, oval, biconvex and have haemoglobin (respiratory pigment) which is yellow to red
colour, iron containing pigment.
6. Which one of the following characteristics is common both in humans and adult frogs?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Ureotelic mode of excretion (2) Four - chambered heart
(3) Internal fertilisation (4) Nucleated RBCs
Sol. Answer (1)
There is three chambered heart in frog and four chambered heart in humans.
There is internal fertilisation in humans and external fertilization in frog.
RBC are enucleated in humans where RBC in frog are nucleated.
Both humans and frog excrete urea (ureotelic) as nitrogenous waste.
7. Which of the following is correctly stated as happens in the common cockroach? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) The food is ground by mandibles an gizzard
(2) Malpighian tubules are excretory organ projecting out from the colon
(3) Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin blood
(4) Nitrogenous excretory product is urea
Sol. Answer (1)
Gizzard bears a thick inner layer of cuticle which forms six highly chitinous teeth and are used for grinding.
8. One very special feature in the earthworm Pheretima is that [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) It has a long dorsal tubular heart
(2) Fertilisation of eggs occurs inside the body
(3) The typhlosole greatly increases the effective absorption area of the digested food in the intestine
(4) The S-shaped setae embedded in the integument are the defensive weapons used against the enemies
Sol. Answer (3)
There are four pair of tubular heart in earthworm.
Fertilisation is internal in earthworm and cockroach
Typhlosole is characteristic feature of earthworm intestine between 26 to 95 segment. Typhlosole is internal
median fold of dorsal wall and increase effective area of digestion and absorption in intestine
Tiny, curved, chitinous setae help in locomotion.
9. Frogs differ from humans in possessing [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]

(1) Nucleated red blood cells (2) Thyroid as well as parathyroid
(3) Paired cerebral hemispheres (4) Hepatic portal system
Sol. Answer (1)
10. Consider the following four statements (A-D) related to the common from Rana tigrina, and select the correct
option stating which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F). [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
Statements:
(A) One dry land it would die due to lack of O2 if its mouth is forcibly kept closed for a few days.
(B) It has four chambered heart.
(C) On dry land it turns uricotelic from ureotelic.
(D) Its life history is carried out in pond water.
Options :
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) F F T T
(2) F T T F
(3) T F F T
(4) T T F F
Sol. Answer (1)

Correct statement are
A– On dry land it would not die due to lack of O2 if its mouth is forcibly kept closed for few days as pulmonary
respiration takes place.
B– Frog has three chambered heart.
C– On dry land it turns uricotelic from ureotelic
D– Its life history is carried out in pond water.
11. Which one of the following structures in Pheretima is correctly matched with its function? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Setae-defence against predators (2) Typhlosole - storage of extra nutrients
(3) Clitellum - secretes cocoon (4) Gizzard - absorbs digested food
Sol. Answer (3)
Correct match with its function are:
Setae – Locomotion
Typhlosole – Increase effective area for digestion and absorption
Clitellum – Secretes coccon
Gizzard – Grinding of food
12. Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Earthworm (2) Cockroach (3) Frog (4) Man
Sol. Answer (2)
13. Which one of the following correctly describes the location of some body parts in the earthworm Pheretima?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Four pairs of spermathecae in 4 – 7 segments
(2) One pair of ovaries attached at intersegmental septum of 14th and 15th segments
(3) Two pairs of testes in 10th and 11th segments
(4) Two pairs of accessory glands in 16th-18th segments
Sol. Answer (3)
Correct location of body parts in pheretima
Testes – 2 pairs – 10th and 11th segment
Accessory glands – 2 pairs – 17th and 19th segment
Spermathecae – 4 pairs – 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th segment
Ovaries – 1 pair – 12th and 13th segment
14. Earthworms have no skeleton but during burrowing, the anterior end becomes turgid and acts as a hydraulic
skeleton. It is due to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Setae (2) Coelomic fluid (3) Blood (4) Gut peristalsis
Sol. Answer (2)
Coelomic fluid in earthworms acts as hydraulic skeleton and aid movement and locomotion.
15. Earthworms are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Ureotelic when plenty of water is available (2) Uricotelic when plenty of water is available
(3) Uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity (4) Ammonotelic when plenty of water is available
Sol. Answer (4)
Earthworms are ammonotelic (excrete ammonia) in aquatic form.
16. Which one of the following has an open circulatory system? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Pheretima (2) Periplaneta (3) Hirudinaria (4) Octopus
Sol. Answer (2)
17. Primary function of enteronephric nephridia of Pheretima is

(1) Osmoregulation (2) Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
(3) Respiration (4) Locomotion
Sol. Answer (2)
In earthworm, excretion of nitrogenous waste rakes place by segmentally arranged nephridia.
18. Select the correct option w.r.t. cockroaches

(1) The fore wings are tegmina which are used in flight
(2) Malpighian tubules convert nitrogenous wastes into urea
(3) Males bear short anal styles not present in females
(4) Nervous system comprises of a dorsal nerve cord and ten pairs of ganglion
Sol. Answer (3)
Fore wings or tegmina or elytra are not used for flight.
Malpighian tubules help in removal of excretory product from haemolymph.
Males bear short anal styles, attached to 9th tergum not present in females.
Nervous system comprise of double, ventral. Solid nerve cord and 9 pairs of segmental ganglion.
19. Which one of the following is one of the paths followed by air/O2 during respiration in an adult male Periplaneta
americana as it enters the animal body?
(1) Hypopharynx, mouth, pharynx, trachea, tissues
(2) Spiracle in metathorax, trachea, tracheoles, oxygen diffuses into cells
(3) Mouth, bronchial tube, trachea, oxygen enters cells
(4) Spiracles in prothorax, tracheoles, trachea, oxygen diffuses into cells
Sol. Answer (2)
There are 10 pairs of slit-like opening, called spiracles present on lateral side of body. Spiracles lead to network
of elastic, closed, branching air tubes called trachea. Trachea devide into fine branches known as tracheoles.
Tracheoles terminate in tissues.
20. Ureters act as urinogenital ducts in

(1) Frog’s both males and females (2) Frog’s males
(3) Human males (4) Human females
Sol. Answer (2)
Duct arising from kidney in male frog is both urinary duct and a sperm duct hence it is called a urinogenital
duct.
21. The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called
(1) Mineralisation (2) Catabolism (3) Humification (4) Fragmentation
Sol. Answer (4)
Fragmentation is process of break down of detritus food particles into smaller particles by earthworm.
22. Which of the following organs in earthworm neutralizes humic acid present in humus?
(1) Typhosole (2) Calciferous glands (3) Intestinal caecum (4) Gizzard
Sol. Answer (2)
In stomach of earthworm, a chalky secretion of calciferous gland is present which helps in neutralising humic
acid present in humus.
23. Fertilized eggs of P. americana are encased in

(1) Ootheca (2) Cocoon (3) Genital chamber (4) Phallomere
Sol. Answer (1)
Egg case around group of fertilised eggs is called ootheca. This egg case is secreted by branched accessory
colleterial gland.
24. Which one of the following is the true description about an animal concerned?
(1) Cockroach – 10 pairs of spiracles (2 pairs on thorax and 8 pairs on abdomen)
(2) Earthworm – The alimentary canal consists of a sequence of pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, gizzard
and intestine
(3) Frog – Body divisible into three regions -head, neck and trunk
(4) Rat – Left kidney is slightly higher in position than the right one
Sol. Answer (1)
Correct description of animal concerned is

Cockroach – 10 pairs of spiracles (2 pairs on thorax and 8 pairs on abdomen)
Earthworm – Alimentary canal consists of a sequence of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus,
stomach, gizzard, intestine and anus
Frog – Body is divisible into two regions - head and trunk
Rat – Right kidney is slightly higher in position than left kidney.
25. The kidney of an adult frog is

(1) Metanephros (2) Opisthonephros (3) Pronephros (4) Mesonephros
Sol. Answer (4)
Frogs have two mesonephric kidneys, situated on either side of vertebral column in posterior part of body
cavity.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : In cockroach, inspiration is an active process.

R : It is due to the contraction of tergosternal muscle.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false as inspiration in cockroach is passive process.
Reason is false as during inspiration tergostermal muscles remain relaxed.
2. A : In frog, sinus-venosus is present.

R : In mammals and birds the remnant of sinus venosus has taken part in the formation of SA node.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is true as in frog accessory chamber i.e. sinus venosus is present in heart.
Reason is true as in mammals and birds the remnant of sinus venosus has taken part in formation of SA node.
3. A : Septal nephridia take part in osmoregulation.

R : They are enteronephric.
Sol. Answer (1)
Assertion is true as septal nephridia absorb water from excretory fluid and take part in osmoregulation.
Reason is true as septal nephridia are enteronephric, opening into alimentary canal and reabsorbing water from
alimentary canal.
4. A : In Periplaneta, only superposition or overlapping images are formed.

R : Retinal pigment sheath remains contracted through out the life.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false as in Periplaneta there is mosaic vision formed by many separate but adjacent images.
5. A : Pharyngeal gland of earthworm includes chromophil cells, which secrete enzymes.

R : Salivary amylase of earthworm is essential to digest carbohydrates.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as chromophil cell in earthworm are present in pharyngeal glands. Chromophil cell in
earthworm secrete saliva, containing enzymes.
Reason is false because pharyngeal glands secrete mucus and proteolytic enzymes while amylase is secreted
by intestine of earthworm helping in carbohydrate digestion.
6. A : In cockroach, each segment is covered by three hardened plates called sclerites.

R : These sclerites are dorsal tergite, ventral sternite and lateral pleurite.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false as in cockroach each segment is covered by four hardened plates called sclerites- one dorsal,
one ventral and two lateral sclerites.
7. A : During copulation, two earthworms mutually exchange sperms.

R : The sperms are stored temporarily in the spermathecae.
Sol. Answer (2)

Assertion is true as there is mutual exchange of sperms between two worms during mating.
Reason is also true as spermathecae store sperms received from earthworm during copulation.
8. A : Typhlosole is the characteristic dorsal median fold in the intestine of earthworm.

R : Typhlosole secretes intestinal juice containing digestive enzymes.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as typhlosole in earthworm is characteristic dorsal median fold in intestine of earthworm.
Reason is false as typhlosole increase effective area of digestion and absorption in intestine.
9. A : Male frogs have copulatory/nuptial pad on the pollex of forelimbs.

R : It helps in amplexus.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false as male frog have copulatory/nuptial pad on first digit of forelimbs.
Reason is true as with help of copulatory pads male mount upon the back of female and grasps her family,
called amplexus.
10. A : Urine, faeces and gametes pass through a common passage in frog.
R : Frogs have cloaca in which alimentary canal and urinogenital ducts open.
Sol. Answer (1)
Both Assertion and Reason is true as frogs have cloaca and cloaca is common chamber for opening of
alimentary canal, urinary tract and reproductive tract.


Structural Organization in Animals

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Structural Organization in Animals

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Structural Organisation in Animals (Contd...

2. Dorsal surface of earthworm is recognised by

3. In earthworm, small fleshy lobe hung over mouth is known as

5. Earthworm body is covered externally by a thin, non-cellular layer called

7. Buccal cavity in earthworm extends from

9. The surface area of intestine in earthworm is greatly increased by the presence of

10. In earthworm, haemoglobin is present in the dissolved state in

11. In earthworm, blood glands are present in the dissolved state in

13. In earthworm, CO2 diffuses out to surrounding atmosphere through

14. In earthworm, nerve ring lies in

15. In earthworm, nerve cord runs posteriorly in

16. Earthworms can feel the vibrations of the ground by presence of

17. Spermatophores are

18. Exoskeleton of each segment in cockroach consists of

19. Which of the following mouth part act as tongue in cockroach?

20. Hind wings in cockroach arises from

21. Fore wings in cockroach arises from

22. In cockroach, foregut comprises of

23. Hepatic caecae are found at the junction of

26. Malpighian tubule are lined by

27. In cockroach, eye consists of visual units called

29. Frogs can protect itself from enemies by

30. Stomach in frogs contains

31. In frog, oxygen dissolved in water can be taken by

32. In frog, heart is enclosed within two-layered sac called

33. A thin-walled, triangular chamber attached dorsally to heart of frog is known as

34. In frog, deoxygenated blood is received by

Vena cava (major vein) Pulmonary vein

Blood from sinus venosus

Both left and right atrium

Ventricle pump blood in truncus arteriosus

36. In frog, RBCs are

37. In frogs, cloaca receives

39. Frog's eye are protected under water by the presence of

Sol. Answer (3)

2. The earthworms move with the help of

(3) Muscles alone (4) Parapodia

Sol. Answer (1)

(3) Clitellar (4) First, last and clitellar segments

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (1)

5. Tick mark the wrong match (In earthworm)

(2) A pair of male genital apertures – Ventrolateral sides of 18th segment

(3) Genital papillae – Ventral surface of 17th & 19th segments

(4) Clitellum or Cingulum – 9th to 14th segment

Sol. Answer (4)

9. Testes in earthworm are present in the segments

12. Dorsal blood vessel in Pheretima is

13. In Pheretima, clitellum is primarily meant for

14. Lateral oesophageal hearts in earthworm connect

15. Flow of blood in the ventral vessel of earthworm is

18. Photoreceptors (phaosomes) in earthworm occur in

19. Excretion is exonephric by which of the following nephridia?

21. In Pheretima, pharyngeal nephridia occur in the segments

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

24. Vestigeal wings are found in

Sol. Answer (2)

25. In cockroach elytra are articulated to the tergites of

Sol. Answer (2)

26. Which mouth part of cockroach acts as upper lip?

Sol. Answer (2)

Labrum – Upper lip