- developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, suffer from extreme

poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger leads to severe malnutrition which
leads to lifelong physical and cognitive (learning and reasoning) damage
and affects health, well-being and the economy.

Some key suggestions to eradicate poverty and hunger are :

✓ Education
✓ Promoting gender equality
✓ Producing more jobs
✓ Investing more in agriculture
✓ Strengthened nutrition programs for children and infants

Extreme poverty rate has dropped from 47% (1990) to 14% in the year 2015.
2. Achieve universal primary education.
- persons, particularly women who are educated, are more likely to seek medical
care especially during pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for their family,
adopting healthy sanitary practices and ensuring immunization of children. As
an effect, infants and children have better survival rates, are healthier and better
nourished. If these are attained, children who receive primary education are
more likely to:

✓ Marry and have their own families at a later stage in life

✓ Practice family planning and have fewer children
✓ Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
✓ Seek employment and sustain personal and family needs
✓ Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS

43 million children have been enrolled in school by 2015 in comparison to 100 million
out of school youth of primary school age in 2000.
- gender equality means equal representation of men and women. It implies
that all gender should have equal value and treatment. Equal gender treatment
empowers women and other groups creating opportunities in education,
work, finances, and other aspects which improves the economy and lessen
effects of financial crises.
Gender equality can be achieved through:

✓ Early childhood development intervention

✓ Promotion of women’s political rights and involvement
✓ Improved reproductive health programs and policies
✓ Education and integrating gender equality in school curriculum
✓ Improved women’s access to work and strengthened labor policies for
women
4. Reduce child mortality.
- programs and policies which help reduce child mortality like improving
nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and infrastructure, and other fields
which improve children’s lives. Strengthening local and national health
programs and policies is one way to reduce child mortality.
This includes:
✓ Immunization programs
✓ Assuring the survival and better health of mothers
✓ Improving reproductive health programs and policies
✓ Better nutrition program for infants and children.

Global number of deaths of children under five years old has decreased
by half in 2015 from 1990’s 12.7 million deaths.
5. Improved maternal health.
- is not only about mother’s health but also involves the health and wellness of
the family. Maternal health also helps eradicate other problems like poverty,
gender inequality, decreased workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of
women.

Some ways to improve maternal health include:

✓ Improved and proper nutrition of mothers
✓ Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small family size
✓ Educating young boys and girls about the importance of maternal health
✓ Better and improved access to hospital care especially obstetric-
gynecology, prenatal and postnatal care

There is a decrease in mothers dying as there is a 36% decrease in maternal

mortality rate from 2000 to 2013.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
- emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza, and
other diseases affect productivity and growth of nations. Some of the effects
of disease outbreak are loss of jobs, shortage in professional workers, and
creating social crises. Children are the most vulnerable and are exposed to
exploitation and abuse undermining their normal growth and development.
Some ways to combat diseases include effective prevention, treatment and
care.
Like:
✓ Improved housing conditions
✓ Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
✓ Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive education for all
✓ Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS persons and
✓ TB - Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) Course therapy
✓ Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to fight mosquito-borne diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability.
- investing and supporting sustainable energy like solar, wind and water
energy help support jobs, create business opportunities, and save
remaining non-renewable energy sources. Environmental sustainability
assures peoples to live healthier and enjoy a clean and green
environment.
Some of the benefits of a sustainable
environment are:
✓ Cleaner air and environment
✓ Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable energy
✓ New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
✓ Increased access to sanitation

1.9 billion people have gained access to piped drinking water since 1990
8. Develop a global partnership for development.
- The United Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank, and
governments work together to make sure there is fair trade and that
heavily indebted countries obtain relief and funds to combat poverty,
malnutrition and funds for education and social projects.
Some benefits of global partnership are:

✓ Expanded international trade agreements

✓ Improved access to affordable medicine
✓ Reduced poverty through government debt relief grant
✓ Developed information and communication technology (ICT)

Developed countries have given more support to developing countries with

an amount of $135 Billion Dollars in 2014.
Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of
Alcohol
- raise awareness on the negative impacts of alcohol on health and to
strengthen local and international partnerships to prevent alcohol
consumptions

Highlights of the program:

✓ creation of a body that will oversee the national policy and plans on
the control of alcohol use
✓ creating local policies to reduce the use of alcohol especially in the
youth
✓ ensuring that alcohol cannot be bought by minors, and the creation of
policies for drinking alcohol in public places
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
- reduce the harmful effects of tobacco smoking globally
- aims to decrease the demand for tobacco and control its supply
- As of March 2015, 180 countries have joined the coalition

FCTC aims to reduce tobacco demand through the following:

✓ Implement price and tax measures, tax reforms
✓ Protection from exposure to tobacco smokes
✓ Regulation of the contents of tobacco products
✓ Packaging and labelling of tobacco products
✓ Education, communication, training, and public awareness
✓ Tobacco advertising, promotion, sponsorship
Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-
2020
- created so that member nations could effectively monitor their mental
health policies and programs

Objectives of the plan:

✓ Strengthen effective leadership and governance for mental health
✓ Provide comprehensive, integrated, and responsive mental health and
social care services in community-based settings
✓ Implement strategies for promotion and prevention in mental health
✓ Strengthen information systems, evidence, and research for mental
health
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations
- to address the need to immunize people especially children who
belong to poor countries
- aims to provide low-cost but effective vaccines and create health
systems that will support successful vaccination programs
- GAVI’s plan for 2016-2020 is to immunize 300 million children in the
goal of saving 5-6 million lives in the future, cooperated with the
United Nations, governments, and vaccine developers to create an
environment that will encourage the production and distribution of
affordable and quality underutilized vaccines