Title Collision

Data:
Mass of stationary cart = 249.1g

Mass of moving cart = 349.4g

By Run#01:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 0.896 – 0.868 = 0.028s

Favg = 0.62N

Impulse = 0.62*0.028 = 0.01736Ns

Final Velocity = 8.254E-5m/s

By Run#02:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 0.988 – 0.912 = 0.076s

Favg = 1.47N

Impulse = 1.47*0.076 = 0.01117Ns

Final Velocity = 6.480E-5m/s

By Run#03:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 0.944 – 0.888 = 0.056s

Favg = 0.70N

Impulse = 0.70*0.056 = 0.0392Ns

Final Velocity = 1.875E-4m/s

Now mass of stationary cart = 449.4g and mass of moving cart is same as above.

By Run#04:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 0.9 – 0.832 = 0.068s

Favg = 1.24N

Impulse = 1.24*0.068 = 0.08432Ns

Final Velocity = 20.52E-5 m/s

 By Run#05:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 0.980 – 0.904 = 0.076s

Favg = 0.52N

Impulse = 0.52*0.076 = 0.03952Ns

Final Velocity = 9.576E-5 m/s

By Run#06:

Time for impulse = ∆t = 1.780 – 1.684 = 0.096s

Favg = 0.91N

Impulse = 0.91*0.096 = 0.08736Ns

Final Velocity = 23.98E-5 m/s

Velocity Vs Impulse Data and Graph:

When stationary mass = 249.1g and moving mass =349.4g

Velocity Vs Impulse Data and Graph:

When stationary mass = 449.4g and moving mass =349.4g

Analysis:
Graphs between velocity and impulse are almost linear as best fit linear has a r squared
values = 0.994 and 0.970 respectively. Equations of graphs are given by:

V = 0.00449J + 1.03E-5

Where 0.00449 is slope and a unit less quantity having an uncertainty of 3.5E-4 units, y-
intercept of graph is 1.03E-5 having an uncertainty of 8.9E-6. And

V = 0.00276J – 1.43E-5

Where 0.00276 is slope and a unit less quantity having an uncertainty of 4.9E-4 units, y-
intercept of graph is -1.43E-5 having an uncertainty of 3.6E-5.

Linearity of graph tells that velocity and impulse applied are directly proportional to each
other. As there are two carts, one is stationary other is moving. Final velocity of the stationary
cart after collision is to be examined. Magnitude of impulse applied can be increased by
increasing the velocity of moving cart. So, the velocity also increases with increase in magnitude
of impulse applied.

Slope of the graph obtained is related to reciprocal of mass of the initially stationary cart,
it is also obvious by relation Favg * ∆t = m*∆v.
 Mass from slope of graph1 = 1/slope1 = 1/0.00449 = 222.71g which is close to 249.1, but
to a very small extent. And mass from slope of graph2 = 1/slope2 = 1/0.00276 = 362.32g.

y-intercept of graph is actually the value of velocity, when impulse applied is zero. This is
obvious from graph as at impulse = 0, value of velocity is very close to 1.03E-5 in first graph.
And y-intercept of second graph is also given above, the concept applies the same.

All the results or calculations are done by using Impulse-Momentum theorem

Impulse-Momentum theorem is given by:

J = Favg * ∆t = change in momentum = m*∆v

Final velocities can also be calculated by this formula:

Change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity = J/m

Final velocity – 0 =J/m

Let for data of Run#01

Final velocity = 0.01736/249.1 = 6.9691E-5 m/s Calculated value

And

Final Velocity = 8.254E-5m/s Measured value

Let for data of Run#02

Final velocity = 0.01117/249.1 = 4.4841E-5m/s Calculated value

And

Final Velocity = 6.480E-5m/s Measured value

Both values for two examples are very close, so results are verified. Same is the case for
other four runs.

Conclusion:
Magnitude of impulse produced by anybody can be increased by increasing its velocity.
Velocity after collision of target stationary object in collision is directly proportional to impulse
applied.